Do-it-yourself dormer window - what to consider

Under the roof of a country house, you can arrange a room for any purpose - a bedroom, an office, a nursery, or even a bathroom or sauna. In many ways, the convenience of living in such a room will depend on the correct choice of windows, their type, quantity and location.

Installation of roof windows is a responsible undertaking. After all, if installed incorrectly, problems such as roof leaks and room cooling in winter can occur. We’ll talk about what types of skylights there are and what the technology for installing them is in this article.

What it is?

One of the main issues when designing an attic is creating a sufficient level of natural lighting. The optimal solution is to install a roof window, without which it is difficult to imagine a modern building. Its design allows a sufficient amount of light to penetrate inside and is mounted at an angle corresponding to the roof slope.

Attic window openings differ from classic ones. If the creation of a house project was carried out without taking into account standards, it will be difficult to choose a suitable profile. Therefore, many are considering how to make a roof window with their own hands and install it.

The process is difficult to implement, but if all the recommendations are taken into account, it is completely doable.

The presence of windows in the attic room has a beneficial effect on comfort. Their benefits:

• More natural light enters the room, reducing energy costs;
• visually the room becomes larger;
• it becomes possible to ventilate the room, thereby maintaining the required microclimate and reducing the likelihood of mold formation.

To make a roof window with your own hands and install it, you will need a certain set of tools. In this case, the dimensions of the frame and its shape, the type of material are chosen depending on the characteristics of a particular case.

What requirements must attic windows meet?

With proper installation of a complex roofing pie, heat will be retained inside the attic, and high-quality ventilation will prevent the formation of condensation and ensure long-term operation of the structure. The windows of such a room should have similar properties, without causing difficulties with opening and closing. When installing, you should remember the constant negative impact on the system from atmospheric factors. To ensure stability, windows are equipped with the following elements:

• structures with tempered glass;
• a surface that guarantees maximum distribution of the incoming light flux;
• hermetic sealing linings;
• frame made of high-strength material that is resistant to moisture and ultraviolet radiation;
• canvases that allow you to shade the room, guarantee all-season ventilation and protection from small particles of dust and insects.

A house with an attic can have different window locations.
The possibility of easy maintenance and operation of window units and the absence of fogged and damp structures are considered important. To achieve an impeccable result, you must strictly adhere to the stages of the technological process.

An originally designed window significantly decorates the attic room

Correct installation of a roof window involves the installation of several structures (listed as they are mounted in the opening):

1. Internal slopes - the upper one will be located parallel to the floor, and the lower one will be perpendicular to the surface.
2. Curtains or blinds, adjustable indoors.
3. Waterproofing layer.
4. Window - frame and double-glazed window with high-strength glass and a layer of inert gas.
5. Flashing is a design that prevents the impact of climatic factors on the window system. The height of the system depends on how high the roofing material is laid.
6. External shading device in the form of roller shutters or awnings.

Using traditional curtains to shade a room is not always possible in the attic due to the windows being installed at an angle. A more practical option is to install special devices: blinds, roller shutters, roller blinds.

Features of the design of roof windows

The choice in favor of inclined window openings is determined by a number of positive characteristics:

1. High light transmittance. When comparing the level of penetration of sunlight into a room with traditional vertical structures and with attic window openings in the second case, an increase in throughput of up to 40% is revealed. Installation of roof windows is possible in any part of the roof.
2. Expansion of usable area. Installation of attic systems is carried out without the participation of the wall surface, near which furniture or other interior items can be placed in the future.
3. Ease of installation. Working with a mansard structure is much easier than with a traditional window frame, since in the first case the production and assembly of parts is carried out in specialized factories; the craftsman will only have to choose the location of the window, its dimensions, and install the finished product.
4. Cost-effectiveness of roof space arrangement. The consumption of materials when creating dormer windows is significantly higher than installing an attic window opening, which is determined by the need to lay additional roofing material, a layer of heat and waterproofing in the first case.

In a word, the listed points prove the significant advantage of attic systems over the traditional models available on the market.

The roof window can be equipped with a balcony

Size of windows and their number for installation in the room

Before deciding on the number of window units, you should have an idea of ​​the room where you plan to install them. It is important that at least 10% of the entire area is illuminated, but living rooms, studios, children's rooms and other rooms need 15-20% natural light. For example, in an attic with a total area of ​​20 m2, to create a comfortable atmosphere, it is recommended to install 3 windows 80x140 cm or 2 window blocks 115x120 cm. It is also possible to increase the number of windows to make the interior more impressive.

Dormer windows have a special design

As for the size of the double-glazed windows, attic structures are offered in standard parameters, and this is also important during construction. The following criteria will help you determine the required window sizes:

1. On roofs with a gentle slope, the windows should be high (elongated).
2. If you have a finished roof, the width of the window opening is determined based on the gap between the rafter legs, and the window should be 5–6 cm narrower. If the roofing is in progress, then the rafters can be installed taking into account the desired width of the window.
3. The choice of the size of the roof window should be made taking into account the recommended height of the structure - its lower edge should be located at least 1 m from the floor surface.

There are different designs of roof windows

Design

Purchased double-glazed windows are characterized by a complex design, which is almost impossible to replicate if manufactured independently. A homemade simple version consists of several elements.

1. The base plate is often made of sheet steel, which is about 1.5 mm thick. It is designed to attach the entire structure to a load-bearing surface. Nails or screws are used as fastening elements.
2. Coaming is a continuous enclosure of a window opening in a base plate. This element is made from boards 50 mm thick. A tight fit of individual wooden parts in the corners can be achieved by using a tenon joint using waterproof glue.
3. The frame is represented by a moving part. It is made with a slight overlap on the coaming, which prevents precipitation from entering the room. In order for the attic window in a private house to open to ventilate the room, the frame is secured with hinges and a locking lock is installed.

This design is quite simple and almost completely resembles a regular window frame.

Projects of houses with an attic

And this is a project for a house 6 by 4 meters, the total building area is 24 m2. Total area: 36 m2.

House with attic roof 6x4

Plan of the 1st floor and attic floor

We would like to offer you several options for house designs with an attic to choose from. For example, the first option. House 6x6 meters, total area - 30 m2

House with attic and veranda 6x6 Volume of internal organization of the house 6x6 Volume of internal organization of the house 6x6

And this is a very beautiful, economical and compact house with a built-up area of ​​6x9 m2. Total area: 86.86 m2.

House with attic and veranda 6x9

Floor plan of a house with an attic 6x9

For more projects of frame houses of different sizes, see the “House Projects” section.

Frame Features

The design of the homemade dormer window in question is slightly different from the standard window frame. This is due to high requirements for tightness. Preparing a regular wooden frame for use in a roof window is carried out in several stages.

1. The structure is dismantled and cleaned of old paintwork.
2. All cracks and places where the glass is attached are coated with waterproof glue.
3. If necessary, the position of the loops changes.

Do not use a frame with damaged wood. After prolonged use, cracks may appear in the structure of the natural material, which will cause moisture to penetrate into the room.

We set the salary

1. The work is carried out starting from the bottom: we attach the corrugated apron, after which we fix the side parts, and then the top. The next step is installing the overlays.
2. If there is a rubber seal in the frame kit, the flashing is placed under it. If there is no seal, the flashing is screwed directly to the frame, after which additional flashing parts are installed to hide the joints of the flashing and frame.
3. All elements of the flashing are tightly joined and fixed to the sheathing and frame. We attach the lower apron on top of the roofing material. An element must be installed on top of the flashing, close to which the roofing material is joined.
4. The sash is finally hung and its position is adjusted, as well as the operation of the fittings.
5. Slopes are installed on the side of the room, which should also be insulated.

Important: to seal cracks and joints, use special sealants, not polyurethane foam.

How to install roof windows: video for your attention

Glass

When creating a roof window in a wooden frame with your own hands, you should choose the appropriate glass. An option that is too thin will not last for a long period, as it will burst under the pressure of falling precipitation. Recommended thickness is at least 3 mm.

There are several types of glass that differ in their characteristics.

1. Tempered glass is characterized by increased strength to mechanical stress. Suitable for this type of application, but difficult to cut. Therefore, they buy blanks of suitable sizes.
2. Solar control options are also suitable for creating a roof window. They protect the room from ultraviolet radiation.

It is not recommended to use old glass that has already been in use. Even small chips make them brittle.

All known classifications

By type of materials used

There are three options:

• Wooden. Despite the emergence of more advanced and practical materials, wood is still widely popular. Its main advantage is environmental friendliness and a more attractive appearance. The disadvantages include a low service life (due to temperature changes and high humidity, they dry out) and a fire hazard.

Advice: wood should be treated with antiseptics and protective compounds - this will extend its life several times.

• Plastic. The most common option today. The advantages of PVC are known to everyone - practicality, resistance to external factors, accessibility, etc. They have only one serious drawback - too much tightness, due to which the ventilation process is complicated in winter (there is no natural ventilation).
• Aluminum. They have the best technical characteristics. However, their price is significantly higher. So far, this material has not received wide recognition, largely due to the high cost of the technology.

By design features

• Extensions are the upper elements of the opening that create decorative outlines. They may have a non-standard shape (triangular, semicircular, etc.).
• Additional lower elements. They are used in cases where the height of the room is small, and one opening is not enough for normal lighting.
• Light tunnel. It does not contact the attic - a reflective tunnel goes from it into the room, and a lampshade is fixed in it, which diffuses the light. It is most often used in small attics.
• Balcony elements. An addition that provides access to the balcony. They are often used when the roof has a strong slope.
• Cornice elements. They are installed vertically under the main roof window. The need for them arises when the wall is too high.

According to the location of the opening axes

The design of dormer windows varies; the opening method differs. The following varieties are distinguished regarding the location of the axis:

• Central. The most popular option, since this design allows the doors to be rotated in all directions.
• Elated. They are used in the area of ​​the upper boundaries of the opening.
• Combined - the upper axis opens only outward, and the central part can be rotated (for example, to organize cleaning).
• The side one has hatches.
• Lower (balcony).

There is one more type that cannot be classified into any of the categories - the so-called “smart windows”. This is a system in which the doors are opened using a remote control. Such structures are used, as a rule, in two cases: if the height of the room is too high, or for aesthetic reasons.

Choosing an installation location

Before installing a skylight with your own hands, you need to choose its position correctly. To begin with, the sunny side is determined for better illumination of the room, and the northern side is determined to create shadows.

During installation, it is prohibited to violate the integrity of the rafter system, as this will lead to a significant reduction in the strength of the entire roof. It is also not recommended to install windows where the roof meets the wall.

In this situation, difficulties arise in opening the sash. Fastening is not carried out near ventilation outlets and chimneys, since their operation causes large amounts of condensation to fall out.

Important. Dormer windows are not placed too close to each other due to a significant increase in the load on the rafter system.

Video description

About the rules for installing roof windows and possible errors in the video:

Frame installation

Before you begin installing the window frame in a pre-prepared opening, you must remove the double-glazed window.

Features of dismantling depend on the design features of a particular model, therefore, when performing work, craftsmen are guided by the manufacturer’s instructions, which describe the process in detail.

For the installation of windows, the section of the roof where they will be located is being prepared. Source sovetclub.ru

After disassembling the glass unit, the frame is installed:

• The upper part is fixed without tightening the screws, while the lower part is mounted on brackets.
• Using a water or laser level, is leveled .
• Having previously fixed the brackets, insert a movable element and check the functionality of the locks. If the structure is positioned correctly, the glass unit fits tightly to the rubber seals along the length and width, the shutter mechanism works properly without much effort. If everything is satisfactory and no modifications are required, the glass unit is removed from the frame and installation work continues. If difficulties arise, additional adjustments are made.
• After carefully aligning the frame, insulation and waterproofing material are attached around the entire perimeter of the structure.

Insulation is an important part when installing windows, so that during the cold season the room does not feel cold Source obshchestroy.ru

Preparatory work

Before installation, markings are carried out on the inside. After determining the space that the frame will occupy, the space is cleared of beams and other materials.

When cutting the waterproofing layer, leave a 20 cm margin. It will be needed to increase the insulation of the frame. You need to work with roofing material carefully, as it will be reused.

Place of installation of the window structure for the attic, its parameters

The width of the product is 8–12 cm less than the rafter opening (the distance between the two rafter legs). If the rafters are installed with a sufficiently small step, you can install several windows, placing them in adjacent niches.

The installation height of a roof window will depend on the angle of inclination of the roof slope and the technology for opening/closing the window. On very steep roof slopes, it is better to install windows from below, on flat surfaces - from above. Window structures must also be installed at a height of 120–130 cm from the edge of the slope if the fittings are located below, 100–110 cm if the fittings are on top.

Installation

Do-it-yourself installation of a roof window is carried out in several stages. The frame is separated from the sash, making the task easier by reducing the weight of the structure. Installation sequence.

1. The coaming is secured to the base plate with screws, and all joints are sealed with thick oil paint.
2. The frame is installed in the prepared opening, the position is checked with a level. To adjust the position of the structure, plastic corners are used. After correct positioning, it is fixed with screws. Depending on the characteristics of the frame, it is often fixed only at the corners. This is enough for secure fastening.
3. The glass is fixed with glazing beads.

For good sealing, a sealing rubber band made of hard rubber is glued around the perimeter of the frame.

Types of dormer windows

If desired, you can install skylights on the gables. Sometimes they are located obliquely in the plane of the roof itself. Dormer windows in the attic are also used. In this case, the structure is mounted vertically in a special “birdhouse”. The choice of one option or another depends both on the design features of the attic room and on the personal preferences of the owners of the house themselves. You can see what roof windows of various designs look like in the photo gallery below.

Design features

Attic windows can vary greatly in their design features. Today there are the following types:

1. Cornice. This design is used in attics with a high wall. In this case, a vertical additional element is installed under the main sash;
2. Inclined with a lower element. The top of this option opens. The lower one is deaf;

Dormer windows. Photos of designs with a lower element and cornices

1. Balcony. In this case, the inclined structure is connected to the vertical one, which is part of the balcony parapet;

Balcony roof windows look very unusual

1. Extensions. Both triangular and semicircular options are used. This addition fits harmoniously into the exterior of the building and looks good in the interior of the attic;

Dormer windows. Photos of decorative extensions

1. Light tunnel. If there is also a small attic above the attic living space, a window can be installed on it. The room is illuminated through a reflective tunnel-pipe.
2. A lamp that diffuses the light flux is installed at the output.

Attic living space can be illuminated through the attic

1. Standard. Such structures can be rectangular or square. They consist of a frame and one swing sash. Sometimes voiceless versions are also used. If desired, you can install such roof windows. Blind structures, however, are practically never found on sale. They are usually made to order. Standard designs are most often used in attic living quarters;

Insulation work

All the difficulties in installing a roof window lie in achieving the required level of waterproofing. Additional materials used at this stage are secured with a construction stapler.

A drainage gutter is created to remove excess moisture. It is placed in the upper part of the frame at a slight angle to the slope.

The trimmed material, which was left at the preparation stage, is carefully placed into the formed seam. From the outside, the roofing material is placed under the frame, the fasteners are screwed in completely.

Features of installing a window in a metal roof

Metal tiles are a very well-known roofing option, as they have high wear resistance, mechanical strength, and a very attractive appearance. There are usually no design difficulties; on the contrary, metal tiles make installation somewhat easier.

Installing a window in a metal tile has some features:

• The great advantage of this solution is that for installation there is no need to build an additional frame, since it is installed under metal tiles by default;
• a prerequisite for installation is thorough hydro- and thermal insulation, the window structure is located at an angle and not vertically, accordingly, the risk of leakage increases many times;
• in order to close the attic structure on the sides, additional sheets of material will be needed, but such consumption is small;
• install the window only between the rafters, the width of the opening under it should be 8–12 cm less than the distance between the rafter legs, and if it is smaller, then the width of the sash is also selected smaller;
• The nature of the roofing material does not affect the placement of the window structure; the usual recommendations apply here: on steep metal roofs, openings are cut out in the lower part, on flat roofs - in the upper part.

Important! Of several attic windows, at least one must be opened for ventilation, otherwise the room will be stuffy and moisture will accumulate in the roofing pie.

Advice from the experts

At the time of installation, a gap of at least 3 cm is left between the window and the rafters. This is done to ensure the correct placement of the insulation. Only at the finishing stage is the structure pressed tightly to the base.

At each stage of work, all cracks are checked. If they cannot be eliminated by changing the position of the material, the resulting space is sealed with a waterproof sealant.

It is not recommended to use polyurethane foam when sealing joints, as it is washed out with water over time.

A high-quality do-it-yourself roof window will last for a long period. At the same time, do not forget about maintenance, which involves periodically applying a new paint coating.

How to make a wooden window with your own hands

The main point in assembling the parts of a new wooden window is jewelry precision. If you are unsure of your abilities, then it is better to turn to a professional or order a ready-made window made in production.

• screwdriver;
• drill;
• glass cutter;
• electric plane;
• hammer;
• chisel.

Stage No. 1. Preparatory work

In order to make a window, you need to create a sketch. To do this, you must clearly know the size of the future window and its functionality, for example, whether it will open or not, the number of sashes and vents.

The sketch is drawn in accordance with the scale. This is important in order to correctly calculate the amount of material, the location of bolts and hinges, handles and latches. The presented video contains examples of window drawings, maybe you will find what you need here:

In addition, the calculation of the material for this window is carried out. It is better to do the calculation with a reserve, in case the part, due to lack of experience, can be damaged

Stage No. 2. Making blanks for the window

An important point is the choice of wood type. The most popular windows are made of solid pine; in addition, oak can be an alternative.

The board must be prepared for processing, namely dried and free from deformation and damage.

According to the drawing, the necessary parts are cut out, which will later be connected to each other.

Working with a milling machine requires skill, so it would be more advisable to use an electric planer and a jigsaw.

In addition to solid wood, you can use laminated veneer lumber as a working material. It has a durable texture and is also resistant to deformation.

For work you will need a board 150x50 mm.

Stage No. 3. Making a box or frame

A groove or groove is made in the blank boards, the depth of which is 15 mm; the groove is a recess in the shape of the letter G. We will need to make four identical parts of this kind.

Connect the box parts together using wood glue or PVA glue. In the finished rectangle, holes are drilled in the corners and a 3-4 cm rod is driven in. This wedge ensures a reliable connection of the parts at right angles.

The box is ready. It is placed in the window opening and secured with dowels. The gaps around the perimeter are foamed with polyurethane foam.

Stage No. 4. Making a window

The frame requires a 6x4 cm beam. The shape and design depend on the number of compartments, glass and the size of the glazing beads.

There are two types of profile:

• single glass;
• double-glazed.

The single-glass design includes two grooves: one for installation in the box, and the other for mounting the glass.

A double-glass profile is a more complex design, having three grooves for two glasses and a frame.

Typically, glass with a section thickness of 4 mm is used, while the bead size will be 10 mm.

Construction order

Regardless of the nature of the roof, the installation of the Mauerlat is no different from the classic installation. If the house is made of wood, then the upper crown is used as a mauerlat, which is previously impregnated with special protective compounds.

How to attach the mauerlat and rafter legs to it

Nowadays, houses are often built from foam blocks. To strengthen the entire structure, the upper part of the wall is fastened with a monolithic reinforced belt. On other designs, such a belt is optional. To lay the Mauerlat, the upper part of the wall is covered with 2 layers of waterproofing, after which a beam or log measuring 150x150 mm is laid around the entire perimeter. After this, the beam is attached to the wall using embedded studs. All elements are fastened together with long nails. The most critical places are fastened with double-sided threaded studs, using steel plates or corners.

First way

There are 2 options for constructing an attic roof. The first method is associated with the fact that the rafter system is assembled on the ground, after which it is lifted onto the building or structure in finished form. First of all, the side structural elements, called gables, are installed and fixed. Then, taking into account the installation step, the remaining elements of the rafter system are attached. All structural elements are first fixed temporarily, using long bars, slopes, etc. The fixation process must be accompanied by control, both horizontally and vertically. It is very important that all structural elements are on the same level, which will allow for better installation of the roofing material.

In the video below you can see how all the elements of such a rafter system are assembled into one whole.

Attic rafter system (broken roof)

Installation of the rafter system

Second way

The first method is available when the roof area is small. When the roof area is impressive, then they resort to the second method. This method is based on the fact that all structural elements are assembled on site, since their size and weight do not allow them to be lifted upward in assembled form. This method has its advantages.

First of all, floor beams are mounted, after which racks and tie rods, temporary spacers and other additional elements are attached to them to reliably hold the structural elements in a vertical position. After this, the structure is complemented by the side and upper legs of the rafter system, with the installation of tie rods and jibs.

The procedure is as follows: first, the outermost elements are mounted, after which they are securely fastened using temporary spacers. A rope is stretched between these elements, which will help to correctly mount the remaining elements of this structure. Despite this guideline, it is necessary to regularly check the angle of inclination, verticality and horizontality.

All racks are connected to each other using a block, to which the side legs of the rafter system are then attached, as well as the lower part of the upper triangle. Fastening is also carried out using metal corners. Since the beams are long, they begin to sag due to the installation of the upper rafter legs. Deflection can be eliminated by installing vertical posts of the required length. They are temporarily supported by racks to prevent sagging of the entire system. In order to constantly control the angle of inclination, it is better to make an appropriate template. This simplifies the process of installing the side rafter legs by making cuts of the appropriate configuration. As a rule, the geometry of buildings built on their own is far from ideal, so adjustments are made. The correct angle of inclination can be obtained by knocking down another template from the boards.

One of the stages of building a mansard roof with your own hands

The standard length of lumber is within 6 meters, although it is not always enough. Therefore, you have to either order lumber of the required length, which is not always justified from an economic point of view, or increase it. To do this, boards with a length of at least 60 cm are nailed to the joint on both sides, so that there is at least 30 cm on each side of the joint. The connection is made either with nails or with bolts.

A reliable way to build rafters. The length of the “patch” is at least 60 cm

Having installed the side rafters, proceed to installing the top ones. To install them, it is also better to make a template with which to make cuts, after which these elements are installed in place and secured.

Almost finished frame

There are several options for installing the upper rafters, especially since it depends on the size of the base.

The photo below shows the most commonly used methods of fastening the upper rafters.

How to make an upper triangle on a sloping roof

The attic sloping roof does not provide for a ridge, so fastening is carried out by means of a beam fixed in the middle. Miters are attached to this block, which fix the triangle in the desired position.

The upper part is fixed with bevels nailed to a beam laid in the middle

After such actions, we can assume that the attic roof frame is ready for further construction operations that involve insulation, as well as installation of roofing material.

Assemblies drawings

Installation of the rafter system is associated with some nuances that relate to the connection of some nodes. Basically, the problem concerns the intersections or fastenings of several structural elements. The photo below shows options for attaching key connections.

How to connect elements of a sloping roof rafter system

For more secure fastening, it is better to use bolts, as shown in the image below.

How to make a do-it-yourself fastening of the upper tee and rafter leg on an attic roof

The figure below shows options for attaching the rafter legs to the mauerlat or to the side beam. To make it easier to mount heavy elements of the system, a thrust element in the form of a short beam is attached to the bottom of the rafter leg, which limits the movement of the board, fixing it in the desired position.

Several options for attaching rafters to the Mauerlat

Procedure for installing Velux windows

1. Pull the sash out of the frame.
2. Install the corner mounts on the frame.
3. Prepare an opening of the required size in the roof.
4. Install a waterproof flashing.
5. Fix the frame.
6. Insert the sash into the frame.
7. Install and adjust fittings.
8. Lay the hydro-thermal insulation kit on the outside of the slope.

Preparing the roof area

As for how to properly install a roof window, it is better to do this before finishing the interior of the room. The roof may already be ready. First, from the inside of the room, they mark on the waterproofing film where the window will be located. The distance on the sides from the rafters on the right and left should be 4-6 centimeters. Install the window on the lower mounting beam or rafters. Then mark the lower border of the window, retreating 4-6 centimeters for flat roofing materials and 9 for profiled ones. Then mark the top point, putting another 9-15 centimeters on top.

When cutting out waterproofing material, leave a margin of 20 centimeters on all sides. The rest of the linen is wrapped inside the room. The roof covering is removed or cut out, and, stepping back 2 centimeters from the rafters, the sheathing is cut off.

Before installing the attic window, a mounting beam with a thickness of 50 mm is nailed below; the distance to the sheathing should be 8-10 cm. The beam is set strictly horizontally using a level. The lower edge of the waterproofing is attached to the mounting beam with a stapler, and the upper edge is attached to the sheathing above. The side edges are pulled outward.

How to properly install a roof window on a metal tile

Installation of products is carried out in the same way, regardless of the manufacturer, the slope of the roof or the size of the window opening. Therefore, for example, installing fakro windows in metal tiles is carried out according to the same scheme as attaching homemade wooden frames.

1. The installation begins by disassembling the attic window: the sash is removed from the frame, and a piece of insulation - mineral wool - is fixed to the upper element of the structure with a stapler. The same cut for the lower fragment of the attic window is attached directly to the support beam.
2. The frame is placed in the opening so that its edges rest against the mounting beam. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws of the appropriate length and diameter. Screw the fasteners into special mounting holes. The instructions for the product, as a rule, describe all the installation details.
3. The upper frame brackets are not fixed very rigidly. Then check the frame for verticality and horizontality. After this, the thermal insulation on the mounting beam is secured to the opening with a stapler. Install the roof window sash and check how easily and freely it opens. Eliminate detected distortions and adjust the position of the frame until all defects are eliminated. Only after this are the window brackets and mounting beam finally fixed.
4. It is recommended to lay and fix thermal insulation in the space between the window frame and rafters, since the remaining thermal insulation of the roof may not be enough. The insulation is nailed to the window frame.
5. The attic door needs to be waterproofed from the outside. To do this, remove part of the sheathing from above the opening in order to secure the drainage gutter in this place. Roof waterproofing should be installed under it. In the future, water that drains from the roof will be drained through a gutter away from the window.
6. A corrugated waterproofing apron is fixed around the frame. First, attach its lower part, then the upper part under the gutter, and then the side elements. The apron is secured to the sheathing and frame with a stapler. To waterproof the gaps between the opening and the window, roofing sealants are used.
7. If the metal tiles were cut during installation using the method described above, then the last step is to fill the strips around the window with the material. As a rule, the remains of tiles are enough for this. In some cases, the space is covered with strips of galvanized steel, painted in the appropriate color. If the metal tiles were dismantled, then the roof is assembled using the usual method. This will require trimming the shingles.
8. After the roof has been restored, the flashing is fixed at the bottom and sides of the window structure. This is almost an analogue of an apron, but only installed on top of metal tiles. It is mounted using the same technology, secured to the frame and sheathing with a stapler.

When finishing the attic space, slopes are installed. The lower slope is made vertical so that it is perpendicular to the floor, and the upper slope is horizontal. This ensures proper air circulation.

How to install a roof window in metal tiles is demonstrated in the video.

Preparing the opening

• Initially, the outline of the window is marked on the waterproofing coating using a marker. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the indentations from the rafter legs. Next, you need to step back 20 cm from the marked contours inward on each side. You can make a cutout (the remaining 20 cm of material is folded into the attic).
• The next stage is to cut out an opening for the window in the roofing using a grinder.

Installation of mounting beam

To make timber, take a similar board from which the rafters are made. The product is fastened under the window opening between the rafters; a gap of 8–10 cm is left between the sheathing and timber.

Important! The mounting beam is positioned strictly horizontally.

Frame installation

The frame is installed without frame or sash. Mineral wool insulation is nailed onto the frame on top. The thermal insulation material of the lower part of the frame is attached to the mounting beam. After this, the frame is inserted into the prepared window opening.

Recommendation: When installing the frame, the upper brackets should be left slightly loose. This will allow you to correct its position in the future.

Sash installation

Installation/disassembly of the window sash is carried out according to the product manufacturer's instructions.

After installing the sash from the opening, the structure is insulated on both sides, and excess materials are removed.

Installation of external waterproofing

A drainage gutter is installed on top of the window structure, under which the upper part of the waterproofing apron is placed (included in the product package). The edges of the apron are brought into the room, attached to the sheathing, rafters, and mounting beam.

The final stage of installation is to restore the roof covering under the attic window.

Installation of double-glazed windows into the frame

At this point, you need to refer to the user manual from the window manufacturer. Different models of roof windows have their own nuances during assembly. Therefore, you should carefully read the instructions and carry out installation, adhering to the manufacturer’s recommendations. In addition to installing the window into the frame, they describe in detail how to adjust the position of the glass unit. Using special screws, you can achieve the desired pressure of the glass to the frame and set summer or winter ventilation modes.

Organization of the rafter system

Independent construction of a private house, in most cases, involves the construction of a sloping roof, which allows optimizing the internal space underneath.

With the same width of the base (of the house), the attic space under a sloping roof is larger than under a regular gable roof. The rafter system is becoming more complex, but a gable roof with an attic under a sloping roof is still more popular

A broken attic roof can ultimately have a rather interesting appearance, since the overhangs can be lowered as low as possible. At the same time, long roof overhangs perform several important functions. One of them is to divert water as far as possible from the foundation, covering part of the wall from precipitation. Despite this, one should take into account the fact that long overhangs increase the windage of the entire structure. In this case, you should opt for more powerful roof structural elements. In this regard, at the design stage the main emphasis is on the weather conditions of a particular region.

Roof angle

The roof angle is chosen for a reason, based on personal considerations. Firstly, this angle depends on the roofing material, and secondly, on the weather conditions of the area. The figure below shows the classic version, when the lower part of the roof relative to the horizontal plane is inclined at an angle of 60 degrees, and the upper part of the roof has an inclination of about 30 degrees. Based on such indicators, it is not at all difficult to calculate all the elements of the roof. In this case, you need to pay attention to the fact that the ceiling height in this room cannot be less than 2 meters. If the ceiling height is less, then such a room is called an attic. When the ceiling height is more than 2 meters, a person feels more comfortable. Taking these factors into account, all structural elements are calculated.

Tilt angles in the classic version

The classic version allows for the loads from precipitation on the side and bottom surfaces not to be calculated. Although precipitation will be able to linger, it will only be in the upper part of the roof, where the angle of inclination is less than 45 degrees.

The inclination of the side surfaces can be within 45-80 degrees, and the greater this angle, the greater the windage of the structure. In regions where strong winds prevail, shallower roofs should be made. In this case, wind loads will not have a destructive effect on the roof elements.

Types of sloping roofs

The design of a sloping mansard roof is one of the options for the rafter system (the most common).
To make the frame of a sloping roof, you will need building structural elements made of pine, at least grade 2. Depending on the size of the roof, the cross-section of the building elements is selected. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the roofing, wind and snow loads, rafter installation spacing, etc. At the calculation stage, all factors must be taken into account.

One of the options for constructing a frame with hanging rafters

The figure above shows a drawing of a frame where hanging rafters are used. This option cannot be implemented if the base of the upper triangle is more than 4 and a half meters. In this case, inclined rafters are installed, which should rest on the load-bearing wall in the center. In short, such a design is divided into 2 parts.

The photo below shows another option, when the side rafters have struts that strengthen this structure, which allows the structure to withstand significant loads. A similar effect can be achieved by establishing contractions. In the figure they are represented by barely noticeable outlines. In this case, the length of the side rafter leg is divided by 3 and contractions are mounted in these places. This design can withstand a significant weight of roofing material.

Option for installing a sloping roof truss system - with struts that increase the rigidity of the system

If the building is small, then the roof can be made according to a simple design, as shown in the photo below. The upper part is made on the basis of 2 hanging rafter legs, tie rods, floor beams, racks and side rafter legs.

Construction of a rafter system for a broken mansard roof for a small house

Attic Part 1 - Design diagram, loads, DCS

The principle of calculating a sloping roof

The process of building a sloping mansard roof of a house, no more than 7 meters wide, is not associated with a number of difficulties. The main task is to ensure that the dimensions are interdependent on the dimensions of the building materials used. As a rule, the installation pitch of the rafters is adjusted to the dimensions of the insulation. Considering the fact that many types of insulation have a width of about 60 cm, and the pitch between the rafters is made such that the mineral wool densely fills the space (about 58 cm).

The width of the board is also taken taking into account the thickness of the insulation. The middle strip is characterized by the fact that it is necessary to use insulation with a thickness of 200 to 250 mm. In addition, it is necessary to provide a gap for ventilation of about 25 mm, otherwise condensation will quickly render the entire structure unusable. It turns out that the minimum width of the rafter system elements is about 230 mm, with a board thickness of at least 50 mm. It should be noted that such calculations are more suitable for regions with moderate wind and snow loads. In other words, a board with dimensions of 230x50mm, at a minimum, is required.

If, as a result of calculations, it turns out that this option is too expensive, then you can take a different route by laying part of the insulation along the rafters, and part of the insulation across it, installing additional sheathing. The minimum layer of basalt wool is about 100mm, so it is permissible to use a standard board with dimensions of 150x50mm. In this case, the ventilation gap is 50mm. If funds allow, you can order non-standard lumber with dimensions of 130x50mm.

Beams and racks can be mounted on the basis of timber, dimensions 80x80 or 100x100mm, if the house is being built in a region with difficult weather conditions.

If a more accurate calculation is required, it is better to seek help from specialists. As a rule, the calculation process takes a lot of time, since it is necessary to take into account many factors, the indicators of which are entered into certain formulas.

BC: Attic Part 2 - Calculation in SCAD, selection of sections of elements