In the standard version, the balcony is an unheated room, of little function in the cold season. Modern construction technologies make it possible to turn this object into a full-fledged residential area, where the internal temperature is maintained at a comfortable level even in harsh winter conditions. A well-equipped warm balcony can be safely combined with a room without losing heat in the room. The main thing is not to make a mistake with the materials and follow the installation technology.
The difference between a cold and warm balcony room
How to make a balcony warm?
As mentioned above, in order to make the balcony warm, it is necessary to install heated floors, glazing and insulating the walls. Each of these processes has its own technological features, which need to be familiarized with in more detail. The choice of one option or another, as a rule, depends on the goals of the owners of the premises and how exactly they plan to use the balcony space. For example, to use a balcony as a separate room, it is necessary to insulate absolutely all surfaces of this space. But for storing winter preparations and drying clothes, it is enough to insulate only the parapet.
Rice. 2. Options for insulating a balcony.
Warm floor on the balcony
When choosing a heated floor for a balcony, first of all, you need to decide on its type. Today there are water and electric floors with cable. The first option is characterized by uniform heat distribution. But the main advantages of electric heated floors are considered to be affordable cost and ease of temperature control. Installation of the electric option involves carrying out such activities as leveling the base, laying a layer of thermal insulation, installing reinforcing mesh and a temperature controller, filling the site with cement mortar, laying the floor covering and measuring the cable resistance after drying.
Rice. 3. Warm floor on the balcony.
Balcony glazing
To glaze a balcony, as a rule, windows with hinged sashes and double-glazed windows are used. For this, energy-saving metal-plastic windows are usually used. However, as an alternative, windows made of aluminum profiles or their wood-aluminum equivalents can also be used. Among the main stages of glazing a balcony with your own hands, it is worth noting: external finishing of the room, installation of the window system and sills, sealing of seams and internal lining. At the last stage, all existing cracks are sealed. To do this, use polyurethane foam.
Rice. 4. Glazing of balconies.
Insulation of walls on the balcony
The instructions for insulating a balcony with your own hands also provide for insulating the walls of this room. For this, insulation such as polystyrene foam is usually used. To attach this material to the walls of the balcony, a special cement adhesive is used, which must be applied in a thin layer. In order to ensure the most reliable fastening of this insulation, you can also use dowel nails with wide heads. After this, penofol should be attached to the insulation, which is an additional heat insulator. Then the seams of this heat insulator must be sealed with foil tape.
Rice. 5. Insulation of walls on the balcony.
Warm balcony in a panel house
If the task is to insulate a balcony in a panel house, then it is necessary to take into account the features of this structure. In particular, you should take into account the presence of a technological gap through which rainwater can flow. This point greatly complicates the installation process.
To avoid any problems, it is necessary to install a window frame, which can significantly reduce the free space of the balcony. To avoid such a problem, the frame must be installed under the end plate. Thus, the balcony space retains its dimensions, while the gap between the slabs is tightly closed.
Rice. 6. Popular options for insulating a balcony in a panel house.
Warm balcony in a brick house
Step-by-step instructions for insulating a balcony in a brick house involve using mineral wool or polystyrene foam as insulation. In addition, polystyrene foam, penoplex or polyurethane foam can be used for this purpose. Isover sheets are also often used for insulation. The advantage of this option is ease of installation, good level of thermal insulation and lightness of the material.
The method of installing insulation in brick houses is practically no different from the installation algorithm in panel buildings. The first layer of insulation is attached to the fence. Next, wooden blocks are attached to the ceiling and floor, which create a “lathing”. The gaps in this sheathing are filled with insulation.
Rice. 7. Characteristics of popular thermal insulator options.
Glazing of balconies and loggias
To ensure that a sufficient amount of natural light penetrates into the room, most of the balcony space is occupied by windows. Standard glazing does not serve as a serious barrier to cold air. PVC profiles with multi-chamber double-glazed windows will correct the situation.
Why PVC? Wooden window structures, made taking into account heat saving criteria, are an order of magnitude more expensive and create an increased load on the base of the balcony. Aluminum profiles have the lowest price among all glazing options, but have low thermal resistance, so they are not used to create warm objects
Metal-plastic profile design
PVC profiles have a hollow structure, inside of which there are partitions that form separate chambers. The thermal insulation characteristics of the profile depend on the number of chambers.
On the market you can find 3-chamber, 4-chamber and 5-chamber frame profiles. The latter are considered the best option for arranging a warm balcony or loggia with a heat transfer resistance coefficient of 0.8 m² °C/W. For comparison, in a 3-chamber profile the same parameter is 0.6 m²·°C/W.
An important point when choosing a PVC profile is the presence of reinforcement (a metal profile made of durable galvanized steel is inserted into one of the internal chambers), which increases the rigidity of the structure. Some manufacturers save on metal when producing frames and windows, making the product cheaper. For load-bearing structures, which include balcony glazing, this option is unacceptable.
For warm glazing, a 5-chamber profile with a thickness of 70 mm is used
Thickness and coating of double-glazed windows
Like metal-plastic profiles, double-glazed windows are classified by the number of chambers: 1-chamber, 2-chamber, 3-chamber, etc. A double-glazed window with one chamber consists of two glasses of 4 mm each, between which there is an air partition 10-16 mm thick. The heat transfer resistance of such a product is 0.32 m²·°C/W, which is not enough to organize warm glazing for a balcony.
To obtain the necessary thermal insulation properties of a window block, at least 2-chamber double-glazed windows with a total thickness of 32-42 mm are used. In addition, the glass must have a special coating designed to reflect thermal radiation generated by heating devices. Such energy-saving glass allows you to increase the overall thermal resistance coefficient of a 2-chamber double-glazed window to 0.9 m² °C/W.
The principle of operation of energy-saving double-glazed windows
Window unit configurations
The frame design and glazing configuration affect reliability, durability, and ease of use. If the length of the balcony or loggia exceeds 3 m, then making a solid frame is impractical for the following reasons:
- A large frame has less rigidity and can therefore deform under external loads.
- A large product is difficult to deliver to the site, lift to the floor and install.
- The coefficient of linear expansion of PVC is 1.5 mm per 1 m. For example, for a 6-meter frame, the difference in the dimensions of the structure in winter and summer will be about 10 mm. This will lead to the appearance of gaps between the beads and problems with opening the sashes.
For large balcony objects, the frame is divided into several separate sections of 2-3 m each. If the apartment is located below the 9th floor, then it is permissible to use a solid 3-meter product, which is lifted using ropes. In the case of a higher location of the object, delivery is possible only by stairs or using an elevator, which forces sections to be made with smaller dimensions.
The number of warm windows on the balcony is determined by the length of the room and its internal arrangement. For a 6-meter loggia, the glazing is divided into 8 equal parts with 2-4 tilt-and-turn sashes. There is no point in making all the doors open:
- firstly, the tightness of the entire block is reduced;
- secondly, open windows increase the load on the frame;
- thirdly, each swing-out flap adds up to 10% to the cost of the product.
Opening windows must be placed in such a way as to be able to service the outer surface of the blind sashes
Rules for fastening the frame
When installing warm glazing on a loggia or balcony, adhere to the following rules:
- Frames are attached to the side walls and parapet exclusively with anchors with a pitch of 50-60 mm and a recess of 40 mm (concrete) or 60 mm (brick). For ceilings, reinforced mounting plates can be used.
- The foam seam on the sides of the frame should be 25-40 mm to create a warm junction between the structure and the wall. On top, the thickness of the seam should be at least 30 mm, while the maximum value can reach 140 mm depending on the unevenness of the top plate. The place where the frame is attached to the parapet must also be foamed. If the frame is mounted on a pre-built masonry of foam blocks, the thickness of the seam is 15 mm, if on a standard concrete or brick parapet - 30 mm.
- It is advisable not to use extensions and expansion profiles around the perimeter of the window unit. Such elements usually come without reinforcement, therefore reducing the rigidity of the structure.
- Support blocks are installed under each vertical profile (impost), mounting wedges are suitable. If the length of an individual section exceeds 900 mm, then the lining is additionally placed in its middle part.
- The internal plane of the frame must be on the same axis with the internal plane of the parapet. In this case, it is much easier to provide the necessary insulation of the junction unit.
Warm glazing of the balcony is carried out by a team of installers of 2-3 people
What precedes the insulation of a balcony?
High-quality insulation requires preliminary preparation of the room in which the insulation will be installed. First, for this purpose, the load-bearing structures of the balcony are repaired. At this stage, work is carried out on jointing and filling cracks, holes and potholes in the concrete. In addition, in order to properly install the insulation, it is necessary to remove all rust from the fittings. Also, preliminary preparation includes sealing any existing gaps between the wall and balcony railings.
Before proceeding with the actual installation of insulation, it is also necessary to carry out the lathing. For this, wooden beams made of dry and undamaged wood are used. A galvanized metal profile can also be used for lathing. The pitch of the sheathing should be 40-50 cm. Installation of the sheathing should begin with the installation of vertical posts, which must then be connected by horizontal joists. Also, the sheathing must be precisely leveled. Otherwise, there is a possibility of getting a “wavy” wall. After completing this stage, you can begin the direct installation of the insulation.
Rice. 8. Lathing is one of the most important processes for insulating a balcony.
How to insulate a loggia to keep it warm in winter
To implement your idea, you can hire specialists in construction and finishing works. You can complete the task yourself, saving significant money. Moreover, it is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. By adhering to the recommendations that we will discuss in this article, any homeowner, even those not knowledgeable in construction, can add several useful square meters to their living space.
External insulation of the loggia
There are two options for insulation - external insulation of balconies and insulation of balconies from the inside. It will be quite problematic to carry out work on the outside without the help of professionals: the number of floors implies the use of the necessary technologies and installation equipment. Therefore, if we take into account the independent process of insulating a balcony, we will focus on its internal “dressing”.
Materials for insulating balconies
Before you start insulating the balcony space, you should familiarize yourself with all possible insulation options. Today, foam or polyurethane foam is most often used for thermal insulation. The popularity of these materials is not least due to their availability and relatively low cost. Among the features of these materials, it is worth noting their significant dimensions. Therefore, to ensure effective insulation, it is necessary to use a fairly massive sheathing. An alternative to polystyrene foam is rolled polymer materials coated with aluminum foil. Unlike polystyrene foam, this insulation has a higher level of heat conservation. Moreover, this insulation does not require the installation of massive sheathing. As for the disadvantages, it is worth emphasizing the relatively high price of such materials.
Mineral wool can be used to insulate the balcony space. It also guarantees effective thermal insulation. However, this material is too sensitive to moisture. Penoplex and lining are also used to insulate the balcony space.
Rice. 9. Mineral wool.
Insulating a balcony using penoplex
Penoplex, which is one of the most popular materials for insulation, is produced in the form of slabs, the thickness of which is 2-10 cm. The thermal efficiency of this material is confirmed by the fact that it is used for insulation even of airfields, oil pipelines, and roads located in the northern regions. When working with this material, its features should be taken into account. Thus, penoplex is distinguished by its lightness, environmental safety and durability. It can withstand significant compressive loads. Another significant plus is that you can insulate a balcony with penoplex even with your own hands. To do this, you need to lay a wooden floor with a timber base and pour a concrete or sand-cement screed.
Rice. 10. Insulation of walls with penoplex.
Insulating a balcony using polystyrene foam
High thermal insulation qualities, low weight, and resistance to moisture explain the reasons for the popularity of such insulation as polystyrene foam. Before installing this material, it is necessary to get rid of possible sources of heat leakage. Then you need to prepare the insulation itself. For internal insulation, foam plastic is usually used, the thickness of which does not exceed 6 cm. But for external insulation, it is customary to use foam plastic 5-10 cm thick. For foam insulation, you will also need materials such as moisture-resistant drywall, floor screed mixture, boards treated with a septic tank, as well as polyethylene foil film.
Rice. 11. Insulation of walls with polystyrene foam.
Insulating a balcony using lining
Before insulating the balcony with clapboard, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation of the room. It is necessary to protect the lining from ultraviolet radiation and fungi. For this purpose, as a rule, double window glass is installed and the wood is impregnated with special means. In addition, polyvinyl acetate putty is used to protect the lining. It is worth noting that this putty is absolutely harmless and durable.
Covering a balcony with clapboard is a fairly simple task. First you need to decide on the size of the board. Next, the boards should be secured with 3-4 small nails. On the penultimate board, the tongue crest should be cut by 2/3 or half. The gaps between the slats should be covered with a plinth.
Rice. 12. Insulation of the balcony with clapboard.
Insulating a balcony with mineral wool
As mentioned above, mineral wool is considered the most common option for insulating a balcony space. This is due to the ease of installation of this insulation. The action plan for insulating a balcony with mineral wool, first of all, involves clearing the room of any debris. In addition, to use this method of thermal insulation, you will need glazing, floor finishing work, wall insulation, installation of flooring and interior finishing. Electrical installation work is also an important process. In general, covering a balcony with mineral wool creates a fairly comfortable atmosphere in the room. In addition, this material is considered completely harmless. It does not emit toxic substances and is not afraid of fire.
Rice. 13. Balcony insulation with mineral wool.
Options for using a balcony
In modern homes, apartment owners prefer a balcony:
- turn into an office;
- use for storing food and seasonal items using compact niches or cabinets;
- combine with the room;
- divided into play areas or a relaxation corner.
Photos with options for insulating a balcony allow you to create a zoned area suitable for both leisure and work.
Common mistakes when insulating a balcony
Having decided to insulate your balcony, you must first familiarize yourself with the common gaps that you will encounter. Firstly, insulating a balcony room often requires a complete reconstruction of the apartment space. Therefore, before thinking about insulation, it is advisable for the apartment owner to inform the BTI representative about his intentions.
Secondly, the use of mineral wool as insulation requires the installation of additional vapor barrier material. Otherwise, the mineral wool may simply become damp and ruin the floor and walls on the balcony. And neighbors below may find condensation on their ceiling. Therefore, when using such a material, it is always worth using a thin layer of vapor barrier film.
Thirdly, many craftsmen who decide to insulate a balcony or loggia abuse the sealant. Because of this, huge seams with bubbling polyurethane foam form in visible places. In addition to their unesthetic appearance, such seams threaten rapid destruction and the subsequent formation of cracks and gaps. To avoid this problem, immediately after sealing, cut off excess sealant and sand the remaining material. To give an aesthetic appearance, the seams can be covered with acrylate paint and putty.
Rice. 14. Abuse of sealant is one of the most common problems in the process of insulating a balcony.
Additional video on the topic
A full range of works - from glazing and insulation to attaching the loggia to the room:
Main insulation mistakes:
Installation of film heated floors on the loggia:
Construction of a warm balcony and loggia is a technologically complex process that includes several key stages. Only trained craftsmen with a sufficient base of knowledge and tools can perform such turnkey work. Therefore, if you lack the necessary experience, and also do not want to spend money on correcting mistakes, entrust the installation of glazing, insulation and floor heating to professionals.
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Problems arising from internal insulation of a balcony
When finishing a balcony from the inside, a number of problems may also arise that can negatively affect the quality of insulation. One of the most common problems is improper floor construction. It is caused by overload of the floor covering. Many craftsmen who want to make the floor perfectly flat abuse a layer of sand-concrete screed. Do not forget that there will also be a fairly significant layer of tile adhesive and ceramic cladding on top. As a result of this overload, the floor covering is often poorly designed. Therefore, for floor insulation it is very important to use exclusively ultra-light materials. So, for this you can take mineral wool or penoplex. Hydroglass insulation is usually used as the second layer. Laminate, carpet and even plywood can be used as flooring.
When insulating a balcony internally, it is also worth paying attention to seemingly insignificant details. In particular, you should not lose sight of the height of the handles, the method of installing the window sill board, the need for a mosquito net, etc. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the presence or absence of gaps between the floor slab and the parapet.
Rice. 15. An excessively large layer of concrete screed can lead to overload of the insulated floor.
Temperature sensor installation
To ensure the necessary microclimate in the room, thermostats equipped with a temperature sensor are used. They interact effectively with cable systems and IR film.
The functions of the thermostat include maintaining the set temperature, adjusting it, and optimizing energy consumption. Depending on the modification, the functions of the device may vary.
The principle of connecting the thermostat is the same for any system. We will consider the features of installing a temperature sensor for heating mats.
One thermostat is able to regulate the temperature of several heating mats at the same time. Cable systems are connected in parallel, the maximum current should not exceed 16 A, which corresponds to 3600 W at 230 V
If the total power of the mats is greater, then installation of the thermostat requires additional equipment in the form of an input circuit breaker, an RCD, a power relay, a directional circuit breaker, and a special thermostat.
To install the regulator, you must perform the work in the following order:
- create a special hole in the wall for mounting the box;
- make a recess in the wall to install the power wire and create a hole for laying the connecting channel;
- perform installation and configuration according to the instructions;
- place the sensors in a corrugated plastic tube with a diameter of 16-20 mm.
The tube must be hermetically sealed at one end to protect the wires from solutions and water getting inside. From the opposite end, the tube is placed in the installed box.
It is recommended to place the regulator close to the wiring in order to save on supply wiring; it is advisable to install it on the wall in a living room in the most convenient place
The permissible bending radius of the wiring is at least 5 cm. The tube with sensors is attached to the floor. It must fit between the loops at a distance of at least 20 cm.
It is important to remember that during installation you cannot shorten the heating cable, replace supply wires, make adjustments to the design of the thermostat, or carry out repair and installation work with the supply voltage turned on.
Step-by-step instructions for insulating a balcony with your own hands
- Determining the purpose of insulating the balcony space;
- choosing the appropriate type of insulation;
- preparing the balcony for insulation (sealing cracks, gaps and holes);
- waterproofing of balcony space;
- glazing of the balcony with aluminum windows with double-glazed windows;
- laying a thermal insulation layer;
- installation of vapor barrier;
- Ceiling and floor finishing.
Using such step-by-step instructions will allow you to insulate your balcony with your own hands as efficiently as possible and in the shortest possible time. In addition, during the work you should take into account the type of house in which the insulation is installed.
Rice. 16. Lathing, vapor barrier and installation of insulation are the main processes of thermal insulation of a balcony.
Preparing for insulation of the balcony
In order to properly insulate a balcony, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation of this room. First of all, it consists in strengthening the balcony structure. In addition, it may be necessary to install window frames. Such preparation is necessary if glazing is planned. Also, before insulating the balcony space, you should take care of its waterproofing. High-quality insulation additionally requires sealing all existing cracks and gaps. This is especially true for brick houses in which there are technological gaps on the balcony.
Rice. 17. Preparing the balcony for insulation.
Purchasing materials for balcony insulation
The quality of balcony insulation, as a rule, depends not only on the quality of preparation of this room, but also on the quality of the materials used. Therefore, you should not save on insulation materials. Such savings can lead to disastrous results and lack of the desired effect. As for insulation materials, today they can be purchased both in stationary stores and online stores. In any modern online store, materials such as mineral wool, penoplex, lining, polystyrene foam, etc. are widely represented. At the same time, the cost and quality of these materials always remains quite high.
Rice. 18. Foam plastic is the most popular balcony insulation.
Vapor barrier of balcony floors and walls
One of the most important stages in the process of insulating a balcony is vapor barrier. It is this that allows you to achieve the necessary microclimate in the apartment. Thanks to the vapor barrier, cold air from the street will not penetrate into the room. In addition, an effectively selected vapor barrier allows you to create a barrier that will prevent the penetration of moisture vapor and reduces the likelihood of condensation, which negatively affects the quality of building materials. For vapor barrier purposes, two main materials are used today - vapor-permeable membranes and films. These materials protect the insulation system from the penetration of water vapor. They also protect the room from the negative effects of wind.
Rice. 19. Vapor barrier protects the balcony from the negative effects of vapors.
Thermal insulation of the floor on the balcony
High-quality insulation of a balcony cannot be imagined without floor insulation. For this, 4 options of materials are used - penofol, polystyrene foam, penoplex or mineral wool. Penofol, which is the “latest generation” insulation material, deserves special attention. It is made of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. Before insulating the floor, it must be checked for curvature. Next, you need to clean the floor surface of any debris and things. Before installing the insulation, you will need to install the sheathing. The openings in the battens must be filled with insulation.
Rice. 20. Penofol and expanded polystyrene are the most popular floor insulation materials on the balcony.
Lathing walls on the balcony
Another important stage of thermal insulation of a balcony is the sheathing of the walls. In this case, it is necessary to use steel racks placed in all corners of the room. You will also need steel rods to fence the balcony. The work of lathing walls involves the use of a drill, drill and taps.
Wood, metal and plastic can be used as lathing material. Wood is a fairly malleable material. Therefore, you can make a lathing from it for any purpose. The disadvantages of this material include its low fire safety and susceptibility to moisture. Therefore, most often a galvanized profile is used for lathing walls.
Rice. 21. Lathing is the most important stage of thermal insulation.
Finishing the floor and walls of the balcony
One of the most popular ways to insulate a balcony is to install a floor using joists. For this purpose, special waterproofing is used, to which logs are mounted. Next, thermal insulation is installed between the joists, on top of which a vapor barrier is installed. After this, the stage of facing work begins.
To cover walls, as a rule, putty is used, which evens out their slight curvature. Balcony walls are most often lined with clapboard. This finishing option allows you to perfectly align the wall. The walls can also be painted with acrylic paint or covered with wallpaper.
Rice. 22. Do-it-yourself warm floor.
Choosing insulation for internal surfaces
After glazing on the balcony, the internal surfaces are insulated: ceiling, side walls, parapet, floor. Only the back wall, which borders the room, is not subject to thermal insulation.
The rear wall is not specifically insulated for heat exchange between the balcony and the interior living space.
The main criteria in choosing insulation are the dimensions and thermal insulation characteristics of the material. For balcony insulation, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam and isolon are mainly used.
Expanded polystyrene foam
It has been used for insulation of construction sites for more than half a century. Containing 98% air, which is located in closed polystyrene cells, the foam has a low mass, so it does not load the insulated structure.
Technical characteristics of polystyrene foam:
- density: 25 kg/m³;
- water absorption in 24 hours: no more than 2%;
- thermal conductivity: 0.038 W/m²°C;
- operating temperature range: -60 ÷ +80 °C.
To make a warm balcony, a 50 mm thick sheet of foam plastic is used for the walls and ceiling, the heat transfer resistance of which is 1 m² °C/W. The sheets are secured with special glue or plastic mushrooms, and the joints are treated with polyurethane foam.
Foam plastic is the most affordable insulation for balconies
Read about the technology of insulating a balcony with polystyrene foam in the detailed instructions.
Extruded polystyrene foam
Like polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam is made from polystyrene, so the materials are similar in appearance. The difference lies in the production technology. Thanks to the extrusion method, a polymer product with a dense structure is obtained, which increases its strength and thermal insulation properties.
Technical characteristics of extruded polystyrene foam:
- density: 35-45 kg/m³;
- water absorption in 24 hours: no more than 0.2%;
- thermal conductivity: 0.030 W/m²°C;
- operating temperature range: -60 ÷ +80 °C.
When installing extruded polystyrene foam, the insulating layer is thinner compared to using polystyrene foam. It is possible to install sheets 30 mm thick, which have almost the same thermal resistance coefficient as 50 mm polystyrene foam.
Extruded polystyrene foam allows you to create a uniform insulating contour on the balcony
The “extruder” is dense and easily bears the weight of a person. used for walls, ceilings, and floor insulation without additional sheathing.
How to insulate a loggia with Penopex (modern insulation based on extruded polystyrene foam), watch the video tutorial:
Foamed polyethylene
Elastic polyethylene foam is well known to tourists; rugs for relaxation and overnight stays are made from this material. Even with a small thickness of the coating, foamed polyethylene is an excellent heat insulator. Builders use the material when arranging warm balconies and loggias.
Technical characteristics of foamed polyethylene:
- density: 33 kg/m³;
- water absorption in 24 hours: no more than 3%;
- thermal conductivity: 0.033 W/m²°C;
- operating temperature range: -80 ÷ +95 °C.
The main advantage of polyethylene foam over other insulation materials is its size. Rolled material with a thickness of only 10 mm is capable of providing a heat transfer resistance of 0.97 m²·°C/W, this is enough for high-quality surface insulation.
Foamed polyethylene on the balcony saves internal space
No. 3. Warm glazing options
To organize warm glazing, systems with the following types of profiles are used:
- plastic (PVC) - the most popular, affordable and versatile option;
- a wooden profile is approximately the same in terms of heat and noise insulation as a plastic one, but is distinguished by its chic appearance and environmental friendliness, and you will have to pay extra for this;
- warm aluminum is used a little less often, although in some performance qualities it outperforms plastic and wood.
Differences may also lie in the characteristics of the glass unit and in the system for opening the sashes. In addition, you can make the system more functional using various kinds of accessories.
What is a heated floor
It is difficult to keep up with technological progress. Therefore, part of the Russian population understands a warm floor to be a carpet for the entire room. To some extent they are right. The thermal insulation layer of the carpet, on the one hand, protects the room from heat loss through the lower part of the apartment or house, on the other, it creates a pleasant tactile coating: warm, soft.
Builders by “warm floor” mean a heating system located inside the screed or directly under the floor covering. In this case, heat enters the room not from heating radiators placed on the wall, but from below, through the floor.
The innovative heating system has many advantages over the traditional one. There is only one factor holding back the widespread use of “warm floors”: price. At the same time, the concept of price includes both the cost of equipment and the cost of heating, which is several times higher than central heating.
