Calculation of a window opening in a frame house, design options

Plastic windows in frame houses today are used by the majority of owners of such structures, and only 1% decide to install wooden profiles. PVC windows attract buyers with their variety of shapes, sizes, and functionality. Plastic windows in frame houses have proven themselves well in the modern market, thanks to their low price and excellent performance characteristics. Such a window does not dry out from humidity and time, and protects the room much better from cold street air.

Another advantage of plastic structures is that they are absolutely harmless to both humans and the environment. At the same time, you can always refuse to use standard plastic windows in favor of design solutions - stylized as wood, with decorative design.

DIY window installation.

From the article you will learn how to install a plastic window in a frame house, we will tell you about the installation sequence and what tools you need to prepare in advance.

Window installation

Windows in a frame house are mounted in the area where the insulation is located. If external insulation is used in the construction of a frame house, then the window is installed almost flush with the cladding. If there is no external insulation, then the window is recessed into the insulation level.

On a note

Experts often say that the depth of insulation determines how well the window will cope with its functions of protecting the room from the cold.

If the windows in a frame house sweat, it means that during installation of the structure you made a mistake and installed a profile in the area of ​​the ventilation gap. Such inattention can result in the rapid failure of a frame house.

What is a frame house

Purely structurally, it is a box assembled from lumber, sheathed on both sides with slab or sheet building materials, between which insulation is laid. The cladding material must meet certain requirements, the main ones being strength, reliability, moisture resistance (if the rooms are wet) and good load-bearing capacity.

It turns out that the internal surfaces of a frame house are practically no different from the same planes in an ordinary building, for example, built of brick. This means that any finishing materials and structures can be used to make the rooms inside a frame house cozy and beautiful.

Frame house without claddingSource stroika-smi.ru

Window installation

How to insert a window in a frame house? Before you start installing it yourself, it’s worth understanding the main points and features that help you avoid mistakes.

Do-it-yourself installation of PVC windows.

Assembly seam

One of the main structural elements of a window profile in a frame house is the installation seam. This is the name given to the space between the frame risers and the PVC window profile itself. It is very important to make a high-quality assembly seam. This guarantees a warm frame house; windows are installed with your own hands quite often.

It is customary to highlight:

1. The central assembly seam guarantees reliable insulation of the room from extraneous sounds and cold. Made from regular polyurethane foam.
2. The outer layer protects the central seam from the penetration of moisture and the formation of steam emissions inside the frame house, in addition, it protects the mounting foam inside the structure from the negative effects of sunlight. Basically it is a vapor-permeable membrane, which is combined with waterproofing and windproofing.
3. The inner layer - when connected to the internal vapor barrier contour, provides reliable protection of wooden structures and insulation indoors from steam and high humidity.

Plastic window frames.

Installation gap for foam

Installation of windows in a frame house begins with filling the installation gap with foam. Then it is covered with special films to protect it from the sun, moisture, and fumes.

It is better to use professional foam, which has a special entrance. It is most convenient to fill the installation gap using a gun. Remember that the foam layer should be left 30% empty, this is due to the fact that the foam will expand as it hardens.

Installation of the bottom of the opening

I would like to say a few words about the bottom of the opening. If you install windows in a frame house with your own hands on plates, then it is better to attach the latter to the frame using self-tapping screws. And the remaining space between the frame and the frame should be properly insulated using polystyrene foam, which must be cut to size and secured with polyurethane foam.

Insulation of the bottom of the window opening.

Stand profile

Most windows on the modern market are already presented with a window profile. This design not only allows you to avoid damage to the window during transportation, but is also useful if you independently install an external drip sill and a window sill indoors.

If you are installing a window with a profile, then before installation it is better to unscrew the latter and install the insulation inside, and then screw it back. In some designs, ordinary polyurethane foam can be used to insulate the support profile, but it is better to clarify this issue with the window manufacturer.

Peculiarities

The characteristics of window blocks largely determine the purpose of the premises inside the building. Through window openings, not only the sun's rays enter inside, but also cold temperature and humidity. Therefore, if installed incorrectly, mold and dampness will settle inside the house.

When making window openings, great importance is given to the material used to make the walls.

Established standards and restrictions on window openings are of little demand in housing, especially in private construction. Owners of private housing under construction often choose their shape and size according to personal preferences.

Focusing on your own taste leads to the fact that finished windows turn out to be too small or too large. Sometimes they are installed in the wrong places. This approach causes the frames to skew, the sashes not to fit tightly, and condensation to form. Sometimes rain gets inside the window, and dew even appears on the walls of the apartment.

According to the rules, a window opening must appear in the wall during the construction process. These blocks are very rarely made in solid masonry.

The window opening must provide:

• correct installation of frames;
• reliability of fastening of the window structure;
• sealing;
• humidity output;
• heat and sound insulation;
• decorativeness of the main part of the exterior and interior of housing.

The horizontal and vertical lines of the structure must be precisely measured. The top plank should not bend under the weight of the wall material. The type and location of windows must be selected according to standards.

To make the right choice, it is enough to study the typical parameters for window openings installed in residential or utility rooms.

In modern construction, ready-made PVC windows are mainly used. It turns out that initially it is wiser to choose products of standard sizes. It is easier and cheaper to adjust openings to standard structures.

Individual production of structures for existing openings is always an expensive pleasure. Finished windows and PVC in factories are manufactured according to the state standard, since builders at the construction of multi-storey buildings make openings according to the same state standard.

A generalized concept for modern GOSTs is the mandatory presence of quarters for openings. These are protrusions from the outside of the wall that must be of a certain size.

The presence of quarters will close the gap on the outside between the window frame and the wall. This will hide the mounting seal. The windows will receive better protection from blowing and moisture, and the entire structure looks more beautiful.

A quarter is a corner of a facing brick that protrudes a quarter of its own size. Usually mounted inside the opening. A larger protrusion will interfere with the design of the side slopes. A smaller corner size will not guarantee frames falling out. Construction standards require a match accuracy of up to one centimeter.

Let us examine in more detail the parameters of window openings for walls made of different materials.

Tools and consumables

Before you begin installing windows in a frame house, you need to prepare tools and consumables. Please note that the list of tools may vary depending on the type of installation and the type of your window profile.

Attaching the handle to a PVC window.

• Drill or hammer drill, two drills of 6 and 12 millimeters. The first drill is used to install the dowel into the window profile, the second is used to install the cap on top of the dowel.
• Polyurethane foam and gun for easy filling of hard-to-reach places with material;
• A chisel with a blunt tip for removing glass from a window profile before installation;
• Level, level and Svenson's metric square;
• Hammer with silicone tip;
• A screwdriver, if necessary, you can tighten it manually;
• Films for steam, thermal and water insulation;
• Screws and plates;
• Straightening plates that are installed inside the window profile;
• Plastic window linings.

Recommendations

When building window niches in your future home, we advise you to pay attention to the tips listed below:

1. The racks, separated from each other, should be at a width equal to the width of the TIM (thermal insulation) slabs. Otherwise, you may disrupt the very operation of the insulating material. Which increases subsequent home heating costs for any type of heating
2. There is also no need to install many racks. A normal step can be considered 60 - 70 centimeters from each other. Too many racks also reduces heat inside the room, where cold air currents from the window will circulate near it
3. As for fastening, the standard option is ordinary self-tapping screws, 75 - 85 millimeters long. Make sure that the length of these screws does not break the layers of the wall. If the self-tapping screw is wedged between them, this will also affect both the heat and the strength of the structure. Naturally, one or two self-tapping screws of slightly longer length will not cause the house to fall apart. But a small gap that has formed may well expand in a couple of months, begin to accumulate water, then expand in winter and continue self-destruction

The last point during construction, however, should be considered the help of professionals. This is an extremely important parameter that determines whether the house is just a debt, whether it will delight you with warmth and comfort. Or you, without any thematic experience, will assemble everything yourself, and then every fall you will cover the cracks, connect the heaters, and so on. In general, it's not worth saving. A house is most likely built once in a lifetime.

How to install a window in a frame

When installing plastic windows in a frame house begins, you should make sure that the main stages of construction have been completed. Window profiles are installed after completion of the construction of the frame and insulation of the frame house. A roof must be installed and thermal insulation, vapor barrier and windproof layers must be installed.

If you plan to install PVC windows in a frame house with your own hands, remember that the vapor barrier material in the area of ​​future window openings must have a reserve in order to overlap in the future. After completing the preparatory stage, you can begin the actual installation of the window profile.

On a note

Installation of ceilings in the structure, installation of flooring and interior finishing of a frame house are carried out after the installation of windows and doors.

Since there is no floor covering in the house yet, be sure to take care of purchasing scaffolding, which will help facilitate the installation of the structure . Installation of PVC windows in a frame house is done using small aluminum stepladders. Construction stepladders fold up conveniently and when assembled do not take up much space; in addition, the stepladder will always be useful on the farm in the future.

Before installation, windows are pre-prepared. Special mounting tapes are glued to the end: moisture-proofing protection is installed from the outer profile, and vapor insulation is installed from the inside. This is done in order to avoid excessive moisture in the assembly seam.

Dimensions

If the designs are homemade or custom-made, the dimensions are arbitrary; in other cases, they comply with the standards. Window installation is carried out according to the following schemes:

• panoramic;
• façade;
• tape;
• jumbo.

In a frame house, standard, less often panoramic windows are usually used.

Standard

More often, a ready-made project designed for standard dimensions is taken as a basis.

The standards have the following objectives:

• reliability;
• safety.

Reducing the size of the opening will lead to a lack of light; this is prohibited by sanitary standards. Increasing it will increase the wind load. Weighting of the structure will affect the foundation of the house, massive active elements (sashes) will have a negative impact on the profile and wall of the house.

Panoramic

Large windage will have a detrimental effect on the strength of the house. If installation is carried out, it is necessary to select a strong profile in order to evenly distribute the load on the foundation.

GOST limits deformations, deviations and size requirements. If the installers are unable to comply with them, the customer has the right to refuse to accept the object.

Panoramic

Window profile installation

1. Special plates are screwed to the window profile, and self-tapping screws are used for installation.
2. Polyurethane foam is applied around the perimeter of the window;
3. A mounting tape is glued to the walls of the frame house along the perimeter of the window opening, the reverse side of which was previously glued to the window profile.

Do-it-yourself one-story building.

The window is installed. After completion, they carry out finishing work, complete the finishing, install the drainage system, window sill, and trim on the windows in the frame house.

Mounting methods

We figured out how to install a window in a frame house, I would like to say a few words about the fasteners. In frame structures, either self-tapping screws or special plates are mainly used.

Fastening with self-tapping screws is the most reliable installation method, but it must be done carefully, especially if you have not previously worked with plastic structures. There is a risk of damaging the glass unit or warping it during installation.

Anchor plates for fastening.

Advantages of screws: they hold the window profile tightly, the frame will not move along the window, they are suitable for large windows. Disadvantages: installation takes longer, work must be done carefully.

It is much easier to work with plates, however, when using them on massive structures, there is a high probability of insufficient fastening and the profile wobbling during use.

Advantages of plates: much easier to install. Disadvantages: it is better not to use on large windows, the fastening is worse than a screw, some special features when finishing slopes for covering the plates.

Waterproof film

Installation of plastic windows in a frame house according to the instructions requires the mandatory organization of a waterproofing layer. Waterproofing of the corners of the window unit is carried out using a special waterproof film. The material helps prevent the appearance of mold and mildew on the sashes and slopes, and avoid constant condensation on the windows.

Condensation on PVC windows.

In some cases, the film is applied not only to the corners, but along the entire perimeter of the window profile. Installation is carried out in the following sequence: installation of the window, fastening, covering the profile with waterproofing film, polyurethane foam, installation of slopes and window sills.

Installation of plastic windows in a frame house, video you can find on our website. Such instructions will help you understand the installation process in more detail and clearly.

Low tide and window sill

If the window is provided with a support profile, it can be used to install a drip sill from the outside of the house and a window sill from the inside.

Before installation, be sure to inspect the window profile from the street side; in the lower area of ​​the frame there should be several holes that represent a drainage channel. When installing the drip sill, do not block the drainage holes, since in the future condensation will flow down the window under the drip sill, and not onto it. This threatens the accumulation of moisture and rapid failure of the window. There is no need to place the ebb too tightly against the stand profile.

Low tide at a plastic window.

If there is enough space under the bottom frame, then the easiest way is to insert the window sill into the stand profile and fill the openings with polyurethane foam. If there is not enough space, then support blocks are installed first, then polyurethane foam is applied in strips. A window sill is installed on the structure, and a load must be placed on top.

Once the polyurethane foam has hardened, the joint between the window sill and the window profile can be treated with liquid plastic for better insulation. It is better to carry out installation at the very end of the work. Installation of windows in a frame house - video of step-by-step installation of windows, and detailed clarification of all stages of the process for proper installation.

Problems

The main problem is related to the multi-layer structure of the frame. Warmth and waterproofing, coupled with OSB, can provide up to 9 layers. It is difficult to mount something into such a wall. Not only special screws, wood grouse, etc. are required, but also proper skills in working with the tool, be it an electric drill or a regular hammer.

Partitions are much easier to install than windows or entrance openings. There are fewer layers here, and the thickness of the materials themselves is small. So a doorway in a frame house is installed between rooms faster than windows and an entrance. After installation, the opening also needs to be finished. Finishing also takes resources both in time and finances.

Common mistakes when working independently are:

There is no finishing. You can install the same window, but its thermal insulation and strength sags. Roughly speaking, gaps and cracks appear through which cold wind blows in winter. In very extreme variations, water can flow in and mosquitoes can fly in in the summer

So let's pay attention to this: Jagged edges. There are window distortions, due to which the load may be distributed unevenly

Beams, for example, may not be level. The double-glazed window, in the end, simply will not fit into such a niche. And the rack, which takes on part of the load from the floors, is under excessive pressure. Such problems must be repaired with cement mortar.

To avoid such problems, it is recommended to use a building level to measure a straight plane. But it’s even better to use the services of a specialist, preferably with experience in working with frames.

Measurements for regular windows (without a quarter)

In a newly built room, a plastic window will be installed in a window opening that has not yet been glazed. We measure everything according to the technology, the vertical length of the opening and subtract five centimeters. This is the height of the future window. We measure the length of the opening horizontally and subtract 3 centimeters - you get the width of the future window. One and a half centimeters will go to the sides and top of the window, and three and a half centimeters will remain on the window sill at the bottom of the window.

Decide in advance what parameters and dimensions your window sill and external ebb will have. Add at least 5 cm to the ready-made parameters to “cut” the window sill into the wall on the left and right sides. Provided that you have never installed plastic windows, it is more practical to add 20-30 cm; the excess will be removed during the work. Finished window sills and ebbs have a standard length of up to 6 meters, and a variety of widths (from 10 to 60 cm). But, as a customer, you are obliged to indicate the minimum parameters that allow you to choose the most suitable option.

Loads on the upper frame frame

The frame wall is built according to the frame type. It consists of one or more frames formed by racks, lower and upper trim. The cavity of the frame frame contains insulation, covered inside and outside with sheathing sheets. Sheet material (usually OSB sheets) holds the frame frames together and resists mainly horizontal loads - the frame posts, thanks to them (as well as their attachment to the foundation and ceiling frame), remain in a vertical position.

If the lower and upper trim ensures the stability of the frame relative to wind and other horizontal loads, then the vertical load is carried mainly by the racks of the frame frames.

These loads include:

1. Weight of the roof truss system
2. Roof weight
3. The weight of snow remaining on the roof in winter
4. Loads from rain, hail, wind
5. Mechanical loads, including, for example, the weight of a person during roof repairs, etc.

The total weight of the roof with snow can reach several tons. It is calculated that the weight of the roof can reach a third of the weight of the entire building.

The wooden stand itself, made of boards with a cross-section of about 150x50 or 100x40 mm, is a fairly strong base and can withstand the weight of the roof falling on it. The number and pitch of racks are calculated taking into account vertical loads.

However, the construction of openings in the wall for doors and windows necessarily reduces the fullness of the wall. Some of the racks are simply missing.

This causes a redistribution of loads. Where there is no post, the load on the upper beam increases and the beam tends to sag.

Load on the top beam in the absence of a stand

Even if the deflection is insignificant, even if it does not lead to the destruction of the wall, there is a change in the geometry of the opening. An additional load occurs on the upper part of the window frame, and the window sashes simply jam. Immediately or over time. The side parts of the window frame are also subject to additional load.

Which windows to install - wood or plastic?

To get an answer to this question, it is necessary to compare their technical and functional indicators.

Scheme of a wooden corner in an aluminum frame

Advantages of wood windows:

• environmental friendliness;
• beauty of wood pattern;
• price of windows (pine is the most inexpensive material).

Minuses:

1. susceptibility to rotting;
2. short service life;
3. requires continuous maintenance (insulation, painting, etc.)

Advantages of PVC windows:

• Scheme for the characteristics of a plastic profile
  high resistance to atmospheric influences (dampness, temperature fluctuations, etc.);

• decent service life, minimum 25 years;
• do not require maintenance or insulation (you just need to wash them from time to time);
• high noise insulation (due to the special glass unit design);
• windows are made of plastic, even over a long service life, the frame does not lose its rigidity.

Minuses:

1. high price;
2. complex and costly repairs when any element of the window structure fails.

Based on the information received, we can say that plastic windows have more significant indicators and will be a good solution for any frame house.

Have you decided to install plastic windows? Read what PVC profiles are available and how to choose them correctly. Find out why plastic windows sweat from the inside in a private home and what measures need to be taken to avoid this.

About the use of double glazed windows for the home https://oknanagoda.com/okna/plastik/ispolzovanie-dvoynykh-steklopaketov.html.