The classification of plastic windows is carried out according to several criteria: the number of sashes, the type of opening, the shape of the window opening, the area of purpose, and appearance. Each of the listed factors affects their cost, operating conditions and appearance of the product, so let's look at them in more detail.
Original design of a plastic window Source st50.stblizko.ru
Triangular windows
PVC windows of a triangular shape are usually installed in private houses as attic windows, separating the attic space from the street. When planning the glazing of openings with this type of window, the possibility of bending the profile should be taken into account - the most acute angle of the light-transmitting structure should be strictly greater than 30 degrees.
Options for opening triangular windows:
Window with two blind (non-opening) sashes
System with one blind leaf
Design with vertical blind sash
Single opening sash system (tilt and turn)
Design with two opening doors. On the left there is a swivel and tilt position, on the right there is only a swivel position
A window with a complex triangular shape, with the sash opening in a rotary or tilting position
At the corners of the system the doors are blind, in the center - opening to the side and in a folding position
The triangular shape of windows is classified as complex , since to obtain a final product of proper quality it is necessary to process a larger amount of material, a significant part of which goes to waste. However, the installation of such structures differs slightly from the installation sequence of standard windows. The two factors listed above directly affect the cost of the final products - this fact must be taken into account when planning the amount of funds allocated for the purchase.
Expert commentary
Vladislav Dobronravov
Leading technical specialist at Okna-Media company
In triangular windows, two types of triangle are used: isosceles and acute.
It is worth noting that triangular-shaped windows look beautiful not only from the front side of the house. Similar designs from the inside are ideally combined with any modern interior style, this can be judged from the following photos:
Profile difference
An example of a five and three chamber window Source sp-kazan.com
The structure of the profile plays one of the key roles in the cost and performance characteristics of a plastic window. The main material here is PVC (polyvinyl chloride). It is made by melting raw materials and pressing out a product of complex configuration. Then a square profiled pipe is inserted inside and sealing occurs.
The result of the operations is a rectangular beam, inside of which there can be from 3 to 7 longitudinal cavities isolated from each other. It is due to this that the effect of good thermal insulation, which is not characteristic of PVC in its original form, is achieved.
Thus, the answer to the question: what types of plastic windows are there, taking into account the difference in profile, is as follows:
- Three- or four-chamber – used according to the previously described principle of “heat-heat”, “cold-cold”.
- Five-chamber ones are the most common for Moscow and the region.
- Six- and seven-chamber ones do not provide a strong effect in thermal insulation, but they are more expensive and weighty. It is more advisable to install a five-chamber profile with a wider double-glazed window, the differences in which we will discuss below.
Round windows
For a long time, round light-transmitting systems were the domain of only industrial and commercial buildings. However, in recent years, round-shaped windows can also be found in private homes.
Of course, for the most part such non-standard structures are located on the upper floors of buildings and in the attic - as dictated by the architect's idea, and only occasionally large round plastic windows can be found on the first floors of buildings.
How to open round windows:
The minimum diameter of round windows is 700 mm
Maximum diameter of a plastic window 2000 mm
Blind (non-opening) window. If you decide to choose a model without active sashes, you must take into account that blind structures can only be washed from the reverse side.
Window with an opening sash. Such windows allow you to ventilate rooms and, thanks to the additional lintel, have increased rigidity. However, during operation it is not always convenient to lower or raise the active sash. Also, with a large structure, it may be difficult to access the entire outer part of the glass unit when washing windows.
Semi-circular hinged door system. This round window functions almost the same as a regular rectangular model. The number of active sashes is determined by the customer. It is possible to integrate rectangular vents into a round structure. It should be taken into account that a large number of vertical or horizontal imposts reduces the light transmittance of windows. If there is an insufficient number of active sashes and their small sizes, access to the outer part of the double-glazed windows is difficult.
Mid-hung round window. The sash is located inside the structure and can open in any direction, even at an angle. A convenient model that allows you to easily ventilate the premises and wash the double-glazed windows. Thanks to the improved fittings, even large doors move easily when opened. Such models provide ideal air circulation when ventilating rooms.
To produce round PVC windows, two metal-plastic profiles are used, bent with the same radius on a special machine into two semicircles. Then the bent profiles are welded together. The complex shape of such a window model, due to the insufficient bending capabilities of the profile, sets restrictions on the sashes in terms of radius and weight.
Expert commentary
Vladislav Dobronravov
Leading technical specialist at Okna-Media company
A round window installed in the room perfectly emphasizes the interior, made in a marine style, since its shape is similar to the porthole of a cruise ship.
Photos of round plastic windows are presented below:
Opening technology
A significant amount of the cost of the entire plastic window falls on shutoff valves: locking mechanisms, hinges, handles. Manufacturers offer several options, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Non-opening plastic window Source spb-okna.su
Deaf. The most economical and inconvenient to use. It does not open, which is where all the main shortcomings arise: problems with washing and ventilation of the room. The advantage (except for the price) of the model is that it is characterized by maximum reliability. There are no complex opening mechanisms, which means there is nothing to break.
Pivot-type plastic window Source obustroeno.com
Arched windows
Light-transmitting structures made in the form of an arch are very popular among owners of country houses. The combination of a regular rectangular frame at the bottom of the window and a rounded profile at the top allows arched plastic windows to emphasize a certain style of the building (Gothic, Moorish, noble estate style, etc.).
A window system in the shape of an arch is subject to certain restrictions related to the possibilities of bending the profile. True, they are not as rigid as round structures.
Large arched windows look great on the first floors of buildings. Small models fit perfectly into the openings of attic and attic spaces.
What improvements can be made?
The production of plastic windows involves the use of additional functions. Regarding the issue presented, we can highlight:
1. A comb for plastic windows is a standard limiter that makes it possible to independently adjust the angle of inclination of the sash inward.
The opening limiter for plastic windows has 4 positions, which is why everyone will find a comfortable air supply. The positions allow openings from 10 to 77 mm.
2. Child locks on plastic windows are a mandatory safety measure if there is a child in the house. It is a standard lock located on the bottom of the sash, which is locked with a key.
If they are available, you can ventilate the windows by tilting the sash to the desired angle. The key blocks the ability to turn the sash - to open the window in the standard way, which increases the risk of children falling from a height.
3. Anti-cat on plastic windows - is a standard mesh, which is attached to the sash frames using self-tapping screws and more complex bolts.
You can only remove it with a screwdriver - you will need to unscrew the screws to remove the mesh.
This type of fencing has larger slots in the mesh compared to mosquito protection and can withstand up to 20 kg of a cat’s weight, even if it starts to climb the bars.
Today there are numerous variations with the manufacture of a special mesh protrusion - the animal can “go out” 30-40 cm into the street and sit in a kind of cage.
4. The supply valve for plastic windows is a unique and uncluttered analogue of an air conditioner, which provides air from the street to the room.
All plastic structures are installed in such a way that they block the natural ventilation of the room, making the room stuffy, but open windows worsen the situation with cold air.
To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to use supply valves, ensuring the flow of air without creating a draft or increasing noise from the street.
5. Mosquito nets are an additional element designed to protect residents of an apartment or house from insects.
The plates are removable, their fastening is insignificant, so you cannot rely on the mesh.
Cases of children falling out of windows due to pressure on the mesh are increasing.
These are the main additional elements that clients of companies producing and installing plastic windows purchase. Childproofing plastic windows also benefits cats.
There are many known cases when the flap closes due to a draft when the animal goes outside through the window. Animals often die from such injuries, as the incident leads to internal bleeding.
Trapezoid windows
Non-standard trapezoid-shaped windows are in most cases installed in the upper parts of buildings, under the roof. The choice of this location is determined by the specific geometric shapes of the windows - on the ground floor, where natural light is constantly required, trapezoidal structures cannot provide it to the maximum extent.
Trapezoid-shaped windows are not often found in ordinary two-story houses. The destiny of such light-transmitting systems is luxurious mansions with architecture made in a certain style. Expensive trapezoidal windows, the basis of which is plastic, are usually decorated with a decorative layout, the features of which will be discussed below.
Peculiarities
There are variations that combine two types of opening, as well as with a tilt-and-turn mechanism. This design is the most convenient, but also quite complex. A sash of this type can be tilted for ventilation or opened into the room. To open the window, the handle is placed in a horizontal position, and for ventilation and opening slightly, it is placed vertically.
This tilt-and-turn mechanism is very convenient for ventilation, since the element does not open completely, but only a small gap is obtained. At the same time, a comfortable atmosphere without drafts is created inside the room. To fix the window in the required position, a special alligator latch or similar configuration is attached to the frame. They require careful handling as they are prone to breakage.
Bay windows
Bay windows usually include the connection of two or more light-transmitting structures into a single system using a connecting profile. The mounting angle of such structures is at least 75 degrees. Windows with a bay window are widespread not only in country houses, but also in standard city panel buildings, the balcony or loggia of which can be specially designed in the form of a bay window.
To appreciate the beauty of this solution, check out the following photographic material:
Technical characteristics of double-glazed windows for plastic windows
The production of plastic windows must comply with the basic technical characteristics acceptable for favorable use. At the moment, the following main technical characteristics of double-glazed windows for plastic windows have been established.
TABLE OF HEAT TRANSFER RESISTANCE OF GLASS UNITS
| Filling the light opening | R0, m^(2) °C/W | |
| binding material | ||
| Wood or PVC | aluminum | |
| Double glazing in paired sashes | 0.4 | – |
| Double glazing in separate frames | 0.44 | – |
| Triple glazing in separate-paired sashes | 0.56 | 0.46 |
| Single-chamber double-glazed window (two glasses): | ||
| conventional (with a distance between glasses of 6 mm) | 0.31 | — |
| with I-coating (with a distance between glasses of 6 mm) | 0.39 | — |
| conventional (with a distance between glasses of 16 mm) | 0.38 | 0.34 |
| with I-coating (with a distance between glasses of 16 mm) | 0.56 | 0.47 |
| Double-glazed window (three glasses): | ||
| conventional (with a distance between glasses of 8 mm) | 0.51 | 0.43 |
| regular (with a distance between glasses of 12 mm) | 0.54 | 0.45 |
| with I - coating one of three glasses | 0.68 | 0.52 |
BASIC FORMULAS OF GLASS UNITS
| Type | Formula | Thickness (mm) | Heat transfer resistance (m2-s)/W |
| Single chamber | 4-12-4 | 20 | 0,33 |
| Single chamber | 4-16-4 | 24 | 0,35 |
| Single chamber (K-glass) | 4-16-4K | 24 | 0,51 |
| Single chamber (K-glass + argon) | 4-16-4K,Ar | 24 | 0,53 |
| Single chamber (I-glass) | 4-16-4I | 24 | 0,58 |
| Double chamber | 4-8-4-8-4 | 28 | 0,49 |
| Double chamber | 4-10-4-10-4 | 32 | 0,54 |
| Double chamber (K-glass) | 4-10-4-10-4K | 32 | 0,65 |
| Double-chamber (I-glass) | 4-10-4-10-4I | 32 | 0,72 |
| Double chamber | 4-12-4-12-4 | 36 | 0,57 |
| Double chamber | 4-12-4-6-4 | 30 | 0,47 |
| Double chamber | 6-10-4-6-4 | 30 | 0,44 |
| Double-chamber (I-glass) | 6-14-6-6-4I | 36 | 0,75 |
| Type | Sound insulation (DB) | Light transmittance (%) |
| Single chamber | 25 | 85 |
| Single chamber | 26 | 84 |
| Single chamber (K-glass) | 27 | 70 |
| Single chamber (K-glass + argon) | 34 | 72 |
| Single chamber (I-glass) | 27 | 74 |
| Double chamber | 38 | 78 |
| Double chamber | 38 | 77 |
| Double chamber (K-glass) | 39 | 63 |
| Double-chamber (I-glass) | 39 | 67 |
| Double chamber | 39 | 76 |
| Double chamber | 29 | 77 |
| Double chamber | 33 | 77 |
| Double-chamber (I-glass) | 38 | 66 |
The plastic window plant uses the presented indicators during production. Individual entrepreneurs do not always check the standard sizes of plastic windows, which is why errors and troubles occur in the subsequent operation of the structures.
To avoid problems, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of the structure proposed for installation.
How to choose plastic windows? Video:
Window opening shape
Modern plastic windows can have almost any shape. However, it is worth considering that the more complex the ordered profile in shape, the more expensive the system will be.
- Square.
- Arched.
- Round.
- Polygonal.
- Oval.
- Trapezoidal.
- Triangular.
- Bay window systems.
- Compound. Consisting of several geometric elements.
Prevention and care
Prevention and care of metal-plastic windows consists of constantly cleaning moving parts and connecting parts from debris and dust. This can be done with a soft brush or vacuum cleaner. It is also necessary to lubricate the hinges and locking mechanism 1-2 times a year. Silicone oil is most often used for this.
When the sashes sag, they need to be tightened. To change the horizontal position using a hex wrench of the required size, you need to turn a special screw on the top hinge: clockwise - the sash will be drawn to the frame, counterclockwise - it will move away. To change the vertical position, you need to use the corresponding screw on the bottom hinge.
To prepare the window for winter, it is recommended to increase the tightness of the sash. This is necessary to reduce the air passing through it. To do this, you can use one of three methods :
- using eccentrics that are located around the entire perimeter of the frame;
- using plates on the doors;
- adjusting the clamping mechanism.
Read this article to learn more about structural maintenance.
Dismantling rules
To dismantle a plastic window, most often you will have to remove the double-glazed window, since the anchor fastenings are located behind it. To do this, first remove the sashes, and only then take out the glazing beads and glass.
If the slopes were treated with plaster, then it can be knocked down using a chisel and hammer. To dismantle the window sills and ebbs, you need to unscrew the screws and pull them out of the grooves with a sharp jerk.
More information here.
User manual
To prevent windows from fogging up, you need to:
Regulate room humidity. To do this, you can ventilate it in a special window mode 3-4 times a day for 10-15 minutes or install a special device to regulate humidity.- Check the performance of ventilation systems.
- Place heating appliances under the window.
The window sill should not be large so that warm air can easily reach the window. All these measures are necessary in order to avoid the formation of an ice crust on the outside, as well as the appearance of fungi or mold.
Also, to ensure the performance of PVC windows for a long time, you should adhere to the following rules :
- in strong winds, do not leave the doors open;
- do not insert anything into the space between the frame and the sash;
- do not load the sashes with additional weight;
- carefully close the window so that it does not hit during connection;
- regularly clean the fittings and insulation from debris or dirt;
- do not place anything hot on the windowsill;
- do not wash windows with abrasive products;
- do not leave the sash open for a long time, so that the fittings do not begin to sag;
- Do not carry out work near the window on the windowsill using equipment that can damage glass or plastic (for example, welding or hammering something in).
Requirements based on GOST, SP, SNIP
Most regulatory requirements are outlined in:
- GOST R 56926-2016;
- GOST 23166-99;
- GOST 30674-99;
- GOST 30971 2016.
They contain references to various SPs and SNiPs, as well as some other GOSTs.
For example, in accordance with SP 52-54.13330, window units are designed to provide the room with a natural source of lighting and direct sunlight into the living space.
Double-glazed windows must be able to transmit the visible spectrum of solar radiation in the range from 770 to 380 nm, and ultraviolet rays from 200 to 380 nm. Such conditions must be maintained throughout the entire life of the window, taking into account its safe repair and maintenance.
In accordance with GOST 23166-99, which provides general technical conditions for window blocks and profiles, the permitted substances for manufacturing the frame, filling the space between double-glazed windows and standard shapes or sizes of the profile, as well as the entire window, are indicated.
Example: the maximum size of one window unit should not exceed 6 m2, and the area of the moving part (sash) should not exceed 2.5 m2. The opening part can have a maximum weight of up to 80 kg. The deflection of the frame structure from the wind should not exceed 1/300 of the span length (but not more than 6 mm), and from the glass - 2 mm.
How to choose?
When choosing a plastic window, you should consider many factors that will affect thermal efficiency, sound insulation or the appearance of the structure:
The degree of protection against burglary, as well as its durability, depends on the choice of fittings. Parts made from cheap materials can quickly break or become deformed.- You should carefully calculate the size of the window and its weight, since excessive weight can damage the supporting base, and a large glass area leads to an increase in windage.
- A double-glazed window can consist of sandwich glass, which is sandwiched and covered with a special impact-resistant film. It can withstand large mechanical damage, and can also improve heat or sound insulation.
- The number of cameras inside it depends on the width of the profile. The more there are, the lower the thermal conductivity and the better the sound insulation.
- When purchasing a window, you should immediately check it for mechanical damage, distortions, unevenness or other defects. All fittings must move smoothly without hesitation or sudden jumps. You should also check the tightness of the valves.
More information about choosing windows can be found here.
Painting process
For painting plastic windows it is recommended to use :
- acrylic lacquer;
- auto enamel;
- nitro paint.
PVC windows are usually white, so sometimes it becomes necessary to paint them.
This procedure can also be used to update the appearance of the frame. It is recommended to use paint that is resistant to external weather conditions and does not emit harmful substances.
More information about painting here.
