What is a skylight and how to make one?

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Today we will talk about the dormer window. In the article I will tell you where it came from and what it is needed for. The name of the dormer window is known to everyone, but few people know why it is called that. In Vladimir Dahl’s explanatory dictionary, this term is placed in the article “Hearing”, next to the words “vent”, “opening” and “for hearing”.

Continuing the series of interpretations, the scientist wrote down “rumor in the roof” and “dormer window.” However, not fully understanding the origin of the term, he immediately added: “although there is nothing to listen to here.”

Interestingly, in the same article by Dahl, the expression “rumors blow with the wind” is given. Previously, such windows were installed in servants' rooms, and their name is quite consistent with evening gatherings and snatches of conversations carried by the wind.

There is another legend associated with the Moscow Manege, which was built in 1817 in honor of the victory over Napoleonic France. The construction of the Manege was carried out by an artel of a serf man named Slukhov. The artisan was famous for his roofs, and was responsible for roofing work at the construction site.

Initially, the roof of the Manege, like the gables, was without windows and the attic was not ventilated. During the intense heat, the attic became hot, and the expanding air deformed the building's ceiling and roof.

The incident was reported to Emperor Alexander I, and the roof had to be urgently redone. Slukhov found a way out and placed a large number of windows on the slopes for ventilation, after which they were called by the name of the craftsman - dormer windows.

Another function of windows was to reduce the load on the ceiling. The beams could not withstand the weight of the huge span and sagged. A strong draft created a zone of low pressure above the ceiling, due to which the load on the beams decreased and the emergency situation was eliminated.

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Why do you need a dormer window: purpose

Nowadays, dormers are widely used in the construction of pitched roofs and perform three functions: access to the roof, ventilation and lighting of the attic space.

The four most famous types of dormer windows are:

• with a gable roof;
• with a gable roof;
• with a flat roof;
• circular

The design of the roofs of dormer windows is carried out according to general rules. Roofing materials Ondulin, metal tiles, and others can be used as a coating.

Dormer window frames are mounted in the same plane as the walls and are varied. The most common are frames with rectangular and arc (circular) openings.

Another name for dormer windows is “lucarne,” which is translated from French as a dormer window. In recent years, attics have become very popular and it is possible that soon the term “dormer window” will remain only in old books.

Source: onduline.ru/blog/pochemu-sluhovye-okna-na-kryshe-tak-nazyvayut

What materials are used, requirements for them

To create profiles for the frame structure of dormer windows, the following types of materials are used:

• Polyvinyl chloride is the most accessible material; profiles can have a different number of chambers and thickness. PVC profiles must meet strength requirements and not release toxins when heated.
• Wood – pine, oak, larch, red meranti. The surface must be reliably protected with paint and varnish compounds that prevent the penetration of moisture, the formation of cracks and rotting.
• Aluminum is the most reliable, durable and lightweight material. The metal must be powder coated and meet thermal requirements.

Regardless of the profile material, double-glazed windows are installed in frames and then fixed to glazing beads, which are secured using clamps. The glazing beads are made from the same materials as the main frame structures.

Types of dormer windows

The requirements for window installation are quite high.
The structure must have the necessary strength, provide a sufficient level of illumination and ventilation of the room under the roof, and organically fit into the architectural appearance of the structure, making it recognizable. Dormer windows have been popular for many centuries. The fashion for their appearance has constantly changed, and today dormer and dormer windows can differ significantly in their design features and design.

In addition to window structures mounted directly into the roof plane, windows with vertical glazing are popular:

• without side walls, with a pediment in the plane of the building;
• with side walls and pediment in the plane of the building;
• with side walls and pediment outside the plane of the building.

Small triangular, trapezoidal and arched openings with glazing of the entire vertical plane are actively used. Among structures with side walls, roof dormer windows differ in the type of their roof:

• single-pitched;
• gable;
• hip;
• arched (with a semicircular or beam arch);
• flat french.

The location and type of windows should be selected taking into account the style of the building and the placement of ordinary windows. Otherwise, they will be perceived as an alien element on the roof.

Why is it important to choose the right one?

Choosing the right design for a dormer window is a responsible procedure that helps achieve the following results :

• Identical thermal expansion of rafter structures and window frame profiles.
• Ensuring the required thermal characteristics of the room.
• Ensuring insolation standards, provided that the attic is equipped as a living room.
• Organizing the required air exchange rate.

If you choose the wrong window designs of the category under consideration, negative consequences such as leakage of the assembly seam, vibration, difficulty in operation, and loss of energy efficiency of the room may occur.

Window design

The design and installation of a dormer window should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP (SNiP II-26, SNiP 21-01).
Regardless of the design features and style of the chosen structure, it is necessary to comply with building rules and regulations. This allows us to ensure the necessary reliability and durability of this structure without weakening the operational parameters of the building’s roof.

The key SNiP requirements for dormer windows include:

• installation is permissible if the roof slope angle is 35 degrees or more; superstructures must be located at a regulated distance from the external walls of the building;
• sashes opening and located on the dormer window must have a minimum size of 0.6×0.8 m, which means the permissible size of the roof window will be 1.2×0.8 m;
• if a window with a hip roof and a quadrangular opening is provided, its facade cannot be a continuation of the wall of the building.

GOST provides for the use of various materials for cladding. This could be copper, sheet metal, tiles. According to their design features, skylights can differ in the absence or presence of a roof overhang, their own roof, or a gutter.

A large opening can have a balcony, which looks especially interesting and attractive. Lucarne windows are distinguished by the presence of side walls and a fully glazed facade.

Accommodation options

Roof options are divided into 2 types.

Single-pitch

The simplest solution is a flat roof with a slight slope and a slightly larger canopy.

Regarding the requirements for the device, the following can be noted: since its angle of inclination is small, the smaller the degree, the more slippery the coating should be.

Gable

This is a hybrid of a single slope and a triangle, i.e. triangular cap and the presence of side walls. Such options are erected mainly for the sake of creating a certain architectural style, since they are more complex than triangles in execution, and are less functional than single slopes.

Construction stages

• cutting into the roof rafters is unacceptable;
• the foundation must be strengthened;
• the frame is assembled after preparing the elements according to the template;
• the bottom of the window should be at an appropriate distance from the “clean” floor.

Finished frame After construction, the frame is sheathed and the roof is laid.

Triangular dormer

If you plan to make a dormer window with your own hands, most often a triangular-shaped opening with steep roof slopes is installed.
This common design is characterized by the fact that the gable wall of the opening is installed without recessing into the roof - it must be located in the same plane as the corresponding outer wall. Triangular openings in the roof should be located in line with windows located lower in the walls of the building, so as not to disturb the architectural proportions of the structure.

The roof slopes of triangular openings are located at a large angle (60-70 degrees), so there is practically no increase in the usable area of ​​the attic. The advantage of triangular windows is their aesthetic appeal and the ability to create an original layout for the attic space.

If you plan to install a triangular dormer window with your own hands, you should take into account that its roof is adjacent to the roof of the building, going down to the place where the valley is formed.

Thus, during the arrangement there is no need to waterproof the joints of the side walls and the roof, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the sealing and finishing of the opening and the main roofing of the building.

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Expanding the space

The hatch was installed, the attic became light and fresh. An attic with such a window is not suitable for winter living, but it will cope well with the role of a summer room.

Attic room

In an average house, you can carve out at least half of the entire attic area with a height of about 220 cm, and this is a noticeable increase in usable space. A creative owner is able to equip a rectangular room where the window will be the central element.

For winter use, you cannot do without modifying the window. It needs to be insulated, i.e. remove the ventilation (move it to another place) and insulate the room.

Structure frame

Before you start building the frame, you need to frame the roof of the house - build gables, mount the rafter system.
It is necessary to provide openings between the rafters where windows are installed. The rafter system of a dormer window has its own characteristics: the rafter legs framing such openings must be made double or triple, since they will subsequently bear an increased load.

According to SNiP, the gables of openings located in the roof must be supported by side walls, which are installed perpendicular to the external wall deep into the building and have a height of 1.5 meters. The frames of the side walls rest on the ceiling beams.

The side wall frame is installed after assembling the roof truss system of the building. After that, you should tie the horizontal crossbars and racks of the gable frames of the openings.

Further work is carried out in several stages:

1. Since the gables of a triangular window are located in the same plane with the walls of the building, the lower ends of the rafters adjacent to the walls should be cut flush with the wall sheathing.
2. Jumper beams are mounted between the double rafters of the opening frame.
3. It is recommended to use metal overhead brackets.
4. The use of notches and tie-ins that weaken the rafter beams is not allowed.
5. Openings must be checked for verticality of the gable frame, including when installing a ridge beam on it.
6. The rafters for the window opening are cut out according to a template and mounted to the ridge and the bottom of the frame.
7. The sheathing of the gable frames should be flush with the sheathing of the external wall.
8. Construction waterproof plywood is usually used.

Valley device

The installation of a dormer window on the roof, which has a triangular shape, may be similar in appearance to the installation of a multi-gable roof.
But there is a noticeable difference in installation technology. The slopes of a multi-gable roof most often have the same slope, while a triangular opening is equipped with a roof with slopes whose inclination angle is 60-70 degrees.

Thus, the connection of the roof slopes of the window with the roof slopes of the building is carried out with the formation of non-standard valleys (valleys).

To arrange the dormer window, slanted rafters are used, into which the spigots, shortened rafter legs, rest (at an angle of 60-70 degrees).

To install this structure, it is necessary to calculate the length and cross-section of the grooved rafter beam, the angles at which the side walls and the ridge beam meet. Each triangular rafter opening requires a pair of mirror-symmetrical beams of this type.

It is recommended to make shortened rafters using a universal template; this significantly speeds up the work.

A short excursion into history

For the first time, dormer windows began to be used in the architecture of medieval Europe, becoming especially widespread during the Renaissance (XV-XVI centuries). In Gothic buildings they were traditionally decorated with rich stucco or carvings, turrets, side pilasters and false columns. Structurally, they were a continuation of the wall of the building’s facade, and were located parallel to it. Visible from afar, such structures in an exquisite decorative frame became a real calling card of the entire building.

The construction term “dormer window” is used only in Russian, having no analogues in other countries. Thus, in Europe, windows in the roofs of buildings, since the Middle Ages, have traditionally been called “lucarnes” in the French manner.

Dormer windows - lucarnes

In England and the USA, the name dormer or skylight is more common - attic, skylight. Where did this rather strange name come from in our language? There are two versions of the origin of this name. One is given in V. Dahl’s Russian language dictionary, and the other is associated with the legend about the construction of the Moscow Manege.

The great Russian ethnographer Dal in his dictionary gives the following interpretation of this architectural term. “A hearing window made in the roof.” The word “rumor” previously in colloquial Russian also had the meaning of “vent”, “ventilation hole”. Dahl is inclined towards this interpretation, because “there is nothing to listen to in the attic through this window.” The legendary version associated with the construction of an arena in Moscow is also widespread. This building, now located on Manezhnaya Square of the same name, was erected in honor of the five-year anniversary of the expulsion of Napoleonic hordes from Russia.

As you can see, the playpen has many dormers

Initially, the Manege was called Exertsirgauz, and was intended for drill training of troops, as well as for reviews and parades during bad weather. The construction was initiated by the victorious Emperor Alexander I personally. The construction of the building was completed in a year, and the autocrat had to personally accept the building. But by the time Alexander visited the Manege, a big problem had occurred: the suspended ceilings, richly decorated with plaster stucco, were noticeably deformed for some reason. This did not escape the meticulous gaze of the emperor, who ordered the cause of the defect to be identified and eliminated.

The reason turned out to be simple: deformation of the rafters made of larch. The metal roof of the Manege heated up in the summer sun, and after it, the attic space, made without vents, also heated up. The civil engineer Slukhov was entrusted with correcting the situation, who found a way out in the device along the entire roof of two rows of ventilation windows. Since then, roof windows have become an integral part of the structures of all large buildings, especially those roofed with metal. And in Russian architecture, they are named after the engineer Slukhov, and the name “auditory” is supposedly assigned to them.

More information about the history of dormer windows:

Bottom of dormer window

When considering how to make a dormer window, you need to carefully consider the installation features of its lower part. It must be designed in such a way that the inner part of the soft roof is hidden in it through the side walls and is not visible from the inside. For this purpose, a simplified method of installing the gutter is used.

The valley beam is installed on top of the roof sheathing of the house. The lower ends of the rafter legs of the gable roof of the window rest against this beam.

At the final stage, the structure is sheathed with sheets of plywood, on top of which the roofing material is attached. Sheathing with plywood starts from the ridge of the dormer window, installation of the roofing is carried out in the direction from bottom to top.

If you plan to install window openings on your own, it is recommended that you first familiarize yourself with the installation features of these structures.

It is recommended to entrust the calculation and arrangement of windows of original shapes, installation of complex roof connections to professionals.

Source: vseokrovle.com/krysha/95-sluhovye-okna-na-kryshe.html

Shapes of window openings

The aesthetics of the exterior of a house lies not only in the choice of the type of roof, the combination of colors of the roof and facade, but also the type of skylights installed, and it is not at all necessary that they repeat the outline of the roof itself; today they can have different configurations:

• Rectangular or square. The most common options and the cheapest. Frames for them can be purchased in a store or on order.
• Triangular. They are widely used in gable roofs, but due to their shape they are almost one and a half times more expensive than rectangular ones.
• Round. Most often they are deaf and are used for any type of roof.
• Semicircular. They are quite expensive designs, and are mainly inserted under arched hatches.

Installation of the frame on the roof

Dormer windows (if several are planned) do not have to be placed exactly in a row. They can be placed in several rows.

In this case, the lower edge of the windows is located at a height of 90 cm from the floor of the attic. The top edge can be located at a height of 2 meters or higher. The higher the skylight is, the more light and air enters the attic.

The frame is carried out simultaneously with the installation of the general rafter system of the building. The window design has the same rafters, ridge and sheathing.

By and large, it is a real roof. Only small size. When installing the rafter system in those places where windows are to be installed, openings are left, which are enclosed with rafter legs.

Such rafters are reinforced, since they have to bear the entire load from the window. Then transverse beams are installed on the reinforced rafter legs. The lower beam is at the level of the external wall. The top beam is the size of the window.

Vertical posts are installed on the lower beam, which are connected along the top to a transverse beam. The resulting frame is fastened to the upper beam, which lies on reinforced rafter legs, with longitudinal beams.

This is how a dormer window frame is obtained without its rafter system. The rafter system is made in the same way as the main rafter system of the building. But there are some subtleties.

For example, when installing beams - lintels, cuts are not made into the rafters of the roof of the house, so that the load-bearing capacity is not weakened. All frame elements are secured using metal parts and self-tapping screws.

The frame should be checked horizontally and vertically. If everything is in order, then install the ridge beam and small rafters. To significantly simplify installation, you should make a template for the rafters and then cut them according to the template.

The speed will increase by an order of magnitude. Moisture-resistant materials are used to cover the side walls of the frame. The roof of the window is installed simultaneously with the installation of the roof of the house.

It is very important that high-quality waterproofing of the joints is carried out between the main surface of the roof and the window. Otherwise, leaks in these places cannot be avoided.

To perform waterproofing, specialized materials are used: membranes, pressure strips, special silicone-based sealants.

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Window on a gable roof

The traditional dwelling in our country is a one-story house, covered with a simple gable roof, under which there is a cold attic.
As a rule, the gables in such houses are left open. This was necessary to ventilate the attic and protect the roof truss system from rotting. But over time, the owners of such houses realized that it was impossible to live with open gables where the temperature outside in winter was very low.

Moreover, the wind blows so much snow into the open gable that it often collapses the attic floor and collapses the ceiling of the house.

And the owners of the houses began to sew up the gables, using the cracks between the boards for ventilation. Over time, a way was found that allowed both to ventilate the attic and prevent snow from drifting in.

This is a dormer window that cuts into the gable. The area of ​​such a window depends on the volume of the attic space. If a residential attic is installed instead of a cold attic, then a constant flow of air is not required.

The attic space is not insulated up to the ridge. This is done specifically so that water vapor collects under the roof and the “overhangs - air - dormer window” system functions normally. And all the moisture that accumulates under the roof is removed through the gap on the ridge.

The main advantage of such a window is the absence of deflectors or pipes protruding above the roof. This is especially important in areas where there is a constant wind load or snow cover that is very powerful.

Similar windows are installed in both gables. The grille on the dormer window is made sparse so that air flows freely through the window. The grille on the window resembles blinds in appearance, and has an outward slope to prevent precipitation from entering the room from the outside.

On a hip roof, most house owners install dormer windows also with a hip roof. So that the appearance of the building is not disturbed. Still, the ensemble looks much better. The fact is that any type of window can be built in a hip roof.

In any case, it will look beautiful. One of the most popular types of dormer windows that are made on hip roofs is the hatch. This is a superstructure on a slope with a window on the facade. Such windows were very popular during the Renaissance.

Nowadays, hatches are installed if they want to maximize the living space of the attic. If you want to add pomp to your house with a hip roof, which already looks like a palace, then you should choose vertical windows. Which, by the way, fit perfectly into any architectural style.

If you need to make an exit to a terrace or balcony from the attic, then it is better to install recessed hatches. However, there will be little additional lighting from such dormers. If you have construction experience, you can try to build dormer windows on the roof yourself.

However, you should know that you must first make a project, where you should indicate all dimensions down to the millimeter. And do all the work very carefully, slowly.

Source: proroofer.ru/aksessuary/sluhovoe-okno-na-kryshe.html

Average expenses, what do they depend on?

When creating such windows, the owner of the property incurs significant costs, since such structures are more expensive than standard translucent elements :

• Dormer windows – from 12 thousand rubles. for 1 m2.
• Classic vertical – from 7 – 10 thousand rubles. for 1 m2.
• Dormers, anti-dormers – from 8 thousand rubles. for 1 m2.
• Blinds - from 2 thousand rubles. for 1 m2.
• Anti-aircraft lights - from 20 thousand rubles. for 1 m2.

The final cost of one window installed in an attic room depends on a number of factors:

• 
  Dimensions of translucent elements.

• Profile material.
• Profile frame thickness, number of chambers.
• Type of exterior finish of the frame (lamination, powder coating, paint coating for wood).
• Type and method of fastening, number of anchor plates.
• Category and type of fittings, number of degrees of freedom of moving window elements.
• Number of opening doors
• Glass thickness.
• Thermal, strength and other design parameters.
• Number of products in one order.
• The need to manufacture products according to an individual project.
• The presence of a remote drive for the movable sash.
• The presence of reinforcing half-timbers is for structures that are installed on gables and have dimensions of more than 3 x 3 m.
• Availability of additional security elements.

The cost of window structures for installation on the roof also depends on the popularity of the brand, country of production, and the manufacturer’s internal pricing policy.

Why do you need dormer windows in the attic?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkEpMHwCqzs

First of all, a dormer window is installed on the roof to provide ventilation to the attic. If the room is intended to be used as a living room in the attic, then it is also necessary to create natural lighting.

Another reason why you need a dormer window is the ability to leave the house through the roof in case of an emergency - fire, flood, etc. Such windows are an integral part of the external appearance of the building, giving it uniqueness and individuality.

Structural solution of dormer windows

As SNiP says about dormer windows:

• their installation is permitted if the roof slope is at least 35 degrees;
• the entire area of ​​the dormer windows should be equal to 1/300 of the area of ​​the horizontal projection of the roof of the building;
• ceiling beams, which are the support and frame for the roof, must be placed directly above the windows that are mounted on the roof.

Dormers have their own roof, which can have a wide variety of shapes. In recent years, a triangular dormer window with steep roof slopes has become increasingly popular. This design is preferred by owners of country estates and private households.

This style is distinguished by the absence of a recess in the gable wall with a dormer window into the roof. It is located on the same level as the outer wall of the building.

Due to the significant height of the room under the peaked roof, it becomes possible to place large frames on the pediment of the dormer window, and in the decoration of the attic to use elements that resemble the vaults of cathedrals.

In addition, the triangular dormer window, as can be seen in the photo, is installed on the same axis with the window of the house, which is located below it - so it does not look redundant, but is perceived as a single whole with the facade.

Due to the large steepness of the slopes (64 degrees), this arrangement of a dormer window on the roof, unfortunately, does not increase the usable area of ​​the attic.

Since the roof of the dormer triangular window descends to the main roof of the building before the valley is formed, there is no problem with waterproofing the junction of the side walls with the roof.

This circumstance makes it easier to finish and seal not only the windows located on the roof, but also the roofing covering of the house. In order for the installation to be carried out correctly, it will be necessary to take measurements during the work and calculate the dormer windows on the roof, or rather their structural elements.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJHO1hnzyvs

Insulation of ventilation pipes

Insulated Pipes
Ventilation pipes must be insulated in the attic and above roof level. This procedure is carried out to avoid the accumulation of condensation, which will accumulate on the internal walls and flow down. Since the joints of the ventilation pipes are not made airtight, moisture will penetrate the supporting structures, ruin the finish and lead to the gradual destruction of the building. And the ventilation ducts themselves suffer from contact with moisture if they are made of galvanized pipes.

In winter, the opening of the ventilation duct becomes overgrown with frost and in just a month a standard pipe with a diameter of 15 cm will completely close.

The appearance of condensation in ventilation ducts is inevitable: people exhale water vapor, wash dishes, bathe and do laundry. This releases moisture into the air. The humidity of warm air in a residential building can reach 100%. When water comes into contact with the cool surface of ventilation shafts, it settles on it.

To prevent this process, the ventilation pipes in the attic are insulated. This is where the boundary between the warm air of the house and the cold air of the unheated attic passes.

The cheapest insulation option: mineral wool. It does not burn, but when wet it completely loses its qualities. Corrugation with mineral wool insulation is easier to install.

Polystyrene foam in the form of special removable “shells” is very easy to install and inexpensive. But it burns well, emitting toxic smoke, so it is not recommended for residential buildings.

The best materials for insulating ventilation ducts: polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam.

Dormer window frame

To provide lighting and ventilation to the attic space, it is necessary to create a dormer window frame.

But first you need to make the frame of the roof of the house - the order of the work is as follows:

• install gables;
• fasten the ridge beam and rafter legs;
• When constructing a roof truss system in places where the location of dormer windows is planned, openings must be provided in advance. The rafters framing them are made double, often triple, since an increased load will be placed on them.

When dormer windows are created, GOST stipulates that their gables are supported by side walls that are 1.5 meters high and extend deep into the house in the direction from its outer wall.

In this case, the frames of these walls must rest on the ceiling beams located under the window on the roof.

After the rafter system of the main roof of the house has been assembled, the frames of the side walls are mounted, and after that the crossbars and posts of the pediment frames of the windows on the horizontal roof are attached to them.

The further installation diagram for the dormer window looks like this:

• since the window gables are located in the same plane with the main wall of the building, the ends of the rafter legs, which are adjacent to them from below, are cut off at the same level as the wall sheathing;
• At the height of the ridge beams of the windows on the roof provided for in the project, lintel beams are mounted between the double legs of the rafters. Here it is strictly forbidden to make cuts or tap-ins, as this can weaken the strength of the rafter beams, so it is advisable to use metal overhead brackets to secure the ends of the lintels;
• Before installing the ridge beams of the dormer window in place, check the vertical position of the gable frames. After this they are nailed down;
• according to the template, cut a pair of rafters and install them on the gables;
• sheets of facing waterproof plywood are used to cover the gable frames. As a result, the gable sheathing should be flush with the wall sheathing.

Functions

Dormer windows are glazed openings located on the roof of a building. They are equipped with gable, hip, hip, etc. The installation of roof windows is carried out during the assembly of the rafter frame. Installing a “cuckoo” with your own hands, as they are otherwise called, solves the following problems:

1. Organization of attic ventilation. The main task of dormer windows is to open air access to the roof space. Their device allows you to constantly ventilate the rafter frame, preventing wood rotting.
2. Organization of vertical lighting. The construction of an attic involves the organization of natural light, which comes through dormer windows.
3. Providing access to the roof. Another function of dormer windows is to provide access to the roof surface in order to do repairs, installation or maintenance yourself.
4. Completion of the architectural appearance of the roof. The hip, hip and half-hip construction without roof windows looks unfinished. Installation of these additional elements makes the appearance of the roof richer and more attractive.

Dormer window device

Roof structure with dormer windows

Installation of window top grooves

At first glance, it seems that the structural solution and method of installing a dormer triangular window is similar to creating a multi-gable roof, but in reality there is a significant difference.

So the slopes on a multi-gable roof have a standard slope. As for the triangular-type dormer windows, the roof slopes above them, which have a slope of 64 degrees, are connected to the roof slopes of the entire house, for which this angle is 40 degrees.

In this case, the grooves are non-standard: the lower and upper parts are made differently.

In the upper part of the roof for the window (from the attic it looks like the vault of a cathedral), a design with slanted rafters is used - they support the support of the flanges (shortened rafters), located at an angle of 64 degrees.

To carry out installation, you need to know the parameters of the valley rafter beam and the angles of contact with the ridge beam and the side wall.

Further work on how to make a dormer window yourself is carried out in the following order:

1. Using a long level or plumb line, transfer the position of the center to the floor where the groove intersects with the beam of the ridge of the window on the roof.
2. Using a ruler, draw a line from the resulting point to the corner of the side wall.
3. Next, draw the line of the ridge beam. Both of these segments are nothing more than a projection of the valley and the rafter beams of the ridge beam onto a horizontal plane.
4. Using a square, measure the resulting angle on the floor. Using the data obtained, the lower end of the valley rafter beam is sawed down, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the connection with the side wall of the opening.
5. A cord is pulled between the corner of the side wall and the ridge beam and the cut angle of the upper end of the rafter beam is measured using a square. The distance between these points is measured and thus the length of the rafter beam of the valley is determined.
6. Next, the projection line of the beam is transferred to the upper beam (it is located on the side wall) and the size of its lower supporting cut is measured.
7. Then the workpiece is marked - it is cut to length and the end edges are cut, observing angles of 18 and 72 degrees - and installed in place.

For each window, it is necessary to make 2 exactly the same mirror-symmetrical beams. The required number of shortened rafter blanks can be made using a universal template made independently.

Ventilation aerators

Construction of roofing aerators
A roofing aerator is a modern and convenient type of vent. It is a pipe covered with a cap on top. Aerators remove steam, moisture and stagnant air, providing ventilation for a cold attic in a private home. Aerators are installed on roof slopes, where air movement is ensured by differences in temperature and pressure, replacing ridge vents. Aerators can be continuous or point. Point aerators are equipped with fans and guarantee good air movement. Outwardly, they resemble fungi.

Continuous aerators are a plate along the ridge with holes. Being covered with a roof on top, they are practically invisible and provide intense air movement due to the large area of ​​the holes.

Various types of aerators are created specifically for roofing from:

• bitumen shingles;
• flat roof;
• metal ceramics;
• ceramics.

Continuous aerator
Aerators are installed only where eaves vents are provided. There are other conditions for their installation:

• Only roofs with a slope of 15 - 45 degrees are suitable;
• a distance of at least 30 cm is maintained from the chimney or wall;
• aerators look 25 cm above the slot at both ends of the ridge;
• point models are mounted no further than 50 cm from the ridge.