Plastic windows have a number of advantages over their wooden counterparts, which is why they have gained wide popularity. An important aspect of proper window installation is the choice of technology and fastening system. Fasteners for plastic windows are responsible for sound insulation properties and service life.
What it is
Special fasteners for installing glass blocks are produced in the form of a metal strip. The part is created using cold stamping technology from a sheet of galvanized steel. The thickness of the anchor plates varies between 1-2.5 mm. Notches and round holes were placed on the wide side of the mounting elements.
When installing, glass blocks must be secured as securely and stably as possible. For plastic windows, 2 methods are used:
- On the screws (unpacking). Directly screwing the frame to the opening with anchor bolts is very difficult and requires professional skills from installers. The structure is completely disassembled and the sashes are removed. During installation, windows often become depressurized or glass breaks.
- On anchor plates. Galvanized fasteners easily provide stability to the structure. The mounting parts support the weight of the frame and allow for leveling.
Installation on anchor plates is faster and simpler than screw technology, so this method is often used by novice installers. Universal steel parts are suitable for openings made of concrete, wood or brick. When choosing elements, take into account the weight of the structure and the characteristics of the material in which they will be installed.
Fasteners for plastic windows Source okno.kh.ua
Anchor plates for PVC windows are attached to the surface of the frame and wall with screws. Due to technical features, the elements are suitable for glass blocks of standard sizes (up to 4 squares). Heavier or more complex structures are mounted with screws for reliability or a combined technology is used.
Characteristics of parts Source okna-dveri.com.ua
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This is how you can mount a high-quality, correct jumper and do without purchasing factory products:
When it comes to installing windows in a house made of cellular blocks, two different approaches to fastening technology collide.
Proponents of polyurethane foam claim that this material is so reliable and airtight that it does not require the use of fittings. Fans of dowels, on the contrary, rely on mechanical contact between metal and blocks.
The truth, as often happens, lies in the middle of polar opinions.
Therefore, we decided to consider in detail the features of high-quality installation of windows in aerated concrete and foam concrete walls.
Types of plates
There are two types of anchor fasteners. Rotating models are used when installing complex PVC windows or openings of non-standard shape (arches, trapezoids). The mechanism ensures maximum adherence of the plate to the wall and frame. The turn signal consists of a steel strip and bent teeth. When installed, the element protects the glass block from deformation.
Type of anchor plates Source pmfz.ru
Fixed models are used for standard installation. The parts are fixed inside the opening, selecting the desired angle for fixing the PVC window. For better adhesion, there are special rings (“claw hooks”) on the surface of the metal fasteners. The strips are 15 cm long and 2.5 cm wide.
Manufacturers of plastic profiles often produce anchor plates for their products. Fasteners are universal and replaceable. If a part cracks during installation, it can be easily replaced with a model with similar characteristics from a hardware store.
Mounting plate Source novosibirsk.kassot.com
Anchor plates are made of strong galvanized steel. To prevent installation parts from rusting or collapsing, the surface is coated with anti-corrosion varnish. Each manufacturer has its own requirements for metal thickness, so the parameters range from 1 to 2.5 mm. For plastic windows of standard sizes, 1.5 mm models are sufficient, for heavy three-leaf or multi-chamber windows in high-rise buildings - from 2 mm. Those that are too thick (more than 2.5 mm) will have to be formed on a template, which can lead to destruction of the protection.
Main stages of window installation
Window installation consists of several successive stages. Each of them must be approached as responsibly as possible, taking into account the recommendations of specialists. The process begins with measurements and ends with installing the window sill and finishing the opening with plastic slopes.
Taking measurements
First of all, you need to contact a company that produces and sells windows. Ideally, a specialist should come and independently determine the size of the plastic windows. This will be a guarantee of high-quality and correct manufacturing. In case of errors, all the blame will be placed on him, so the company will compensate for the damage. Serious organizations include the cost of measuring the opening in the price of the products.
The calculation is carried out taking into account the configuration of the place where the metal-plastic structure will be installed. Measuring a window with a quarter assumes that on both vertical sides and on top the frame protrudes by a quarter, that is, 15-25 mm, taking into account the gap for the mounting foam. Dimensions are taken as follows:
- The distance between the opposite surfaces of the slopes is measured from below, above and in the center. It should be noted that the window must fit into them at least 15 mm, so 40 mm is added to the result. This indicator allows you to determine the width of the future product.
- The approach of the frame part remains the same. As a rule, openings do not have a lower quarter, since a window sill and external ebb are installed in its place. Their installation requires a special profile.
Measurements from the outside are taken from the top quarter to the point where the ebb is inclined in relation to the outer corner of the opening. 20 mm is added to this value and the profile height is subtracted, and the sealing gap must be taken into account.
Measuring a straight window without a quarter is much easier to do. The opening is measured horizontally and vertically at its widest points. Height is the difference between the size of the opening, the upper installation gap and the thickness of the profile along with its gap. Without a profile, the installation gap will be 40 mm. The total value is the opening height minus 60 mm.
Advantages and disadvantages
Anchor plates for installing plastic windows are inexpensive and practical fasteners that will save effort and money during installation. If the technology is followed, glass blocks perfectly resist temperature fluctuations, protecting the package from deformation. Reliable parts can withstand operating loads (wind, rain) well and will not become loose from the recoil of opening the doors.
Elements made of galvanized steel Source barnaul.veka.ru
Window installation technology
Installing glass blocks onto anchor parts is much easier than unpacking. When installing it yourself, it is easier for a craftsman to simply insert the structure into the opening than to disassemble the window and screw screws through the frame. To avoid mistakes, we recommend studying the procedure algorithm.
Installation rules
Anchor fasteners provide the glass block with less installation rigidity than when unpacking. On “deaf” models the feature does not appear noticeably. When working with heavy multi-leaf structures, rules will help protect windows from deformation.
Steel fasteners are installed in the wall of the opening, not the slope. The plates are attached not only to the frame, but also to the profile. In order for the screws to fit in, during installation the screws are screwed into the reinforcing structure. For reliability, professionals advise securing each anchor element with two fasteners.
Rules for installing plates Source vsecuplu.ru
Steel parts must be positioned correctly. The plate is placed strictly in the center on top; two plates are needed on the sides, installed below and above. The optimal distance from the corners is 20 cm, the pitch between fasteners is 50-70 cm.
To ensure that the frame is in maximum contact with the opening, the anchor parts are bent at an acute angle. The method allows you to neutralize profile displacement and increase the rigidity of the installation. The plates are fixed using self-tapping screws, which are inserted into dowels. The plastic neck of the fastener will press the steel strip to the window.
Mounting on flexible parts provides reliable load resistance. The bending angle often depends on the size of the installation gap. Fasteners are fixed on the surface of the glass block before installing the structure in the opening. For fastening, use small construction screws with a diameter of 5 mm, no longer than 4 cm. Polyurethane foam and adhesives are not used.
Features of working with plates Source kamburg.ru
Plastic colored windows are mounted on anchor plates, otherwise temperature changes in the structure are possible. Complex or heavy models made of white PVC are often installed using a combined method. The bottom of the glass block is bolted, the top is placed on steel fasteners.
Fastening the plates
The anchor parts are installed first. For a standard size window, 5 metal elements are sufficient; for tall structures, 1 additional element is used. On the frame, an interval of 0.5-1 m is left between the fasteners. To prevent the structure from losing stability, a distance of 250 mm is maintained between the plates and the corner.
After marking, remove the film from the block. To drill holes, use a hammer drill or impact drill. The procedure is carried out very slowly, trying to avoid contact of the metal cartridge with the plastic. In order not to damage the PVC, take a very long “sting”. The frame is protected with a piece of polyvinyl chloride, which is placed near the hole.
Drilling holes with a hammer drill Source vsecuplu.ru
The first to make a gap in the opening is for the anchor dowel. In order for the wide part to press against the steel part, the fastener must be deployed. To fix one element, use 2 self-tapping screws with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm. For convenience, the screws can be installed with a screwdriver.
A clumsy conical component will help strengthen the fastening. Using this principle, anchor parts are installed along the entire plastic profile, maintaining the required interval. The first bend should be adjacent to the frame, the second should be located above the slope section.
Preliminary measurements of the window opening, order preparation
The first step in the installation procedure for a PVC window structure will be to measure the window opening and order a window structure, the size of which will take into account the gaps for installation seams.
Attention! When measuring a window opening, check its geometry by measuring the diagonals. The difference in the lengths of the diagonals indicates the skewness of the window opening, which must be taken into account when subsequently forming the dimensions of the window structure
Depending on the configuration of the opening surfaces, installation seams can be straight (opening without a quarter) or angled (opening with a quarter). The thickness of the installation seam for windows and doors made of white PVC profiles with a side size of up to 2000 mm should be within the following limits:
The thickness of the installation seam for windows and doors made of white PVC profiles with a side size of 2000 to 3500 mm, as well as profiles of other colors with a side size of up to 2000 mm, should be within the following limits:
Next, you should calculate the size of the window sill and ebb. And if everything seems to be clear with the length, then the width of the window sill and ebb will directly depend on the position of the window in the depth of the opening, the thickness of the frame profile and the required dimensions of the parts of the window sill and ebb protruding from the opening.
The optimal distance at which the ebb should protrude relative to the plane of the outer wall is 5–7 cm. The amount by which the window sill should protrude should be 1–5 cm. If you want to make a larger protrusion, in order to avoid the window sill sagging under load, you should use supporting corners. If a heating radiator (battery) is installed under the window sill, the size of the window sill protrusion should not exceed 1/3 of the heating radiator protrusion from the wall. The projections of the window sill on the sides of the opening should be 3–7 centimeters.
After all measurements have been made, the structure and its components have been ordered, tools, fixtures and consumables should be prepared.
List of tools, accessories and consumables
- Two sober people.
- Drill and drill bits for metal (diameter 10–12 mm).
- A gun for polyurethane foam and the foam itself at the rate of 1 cylinder for 2 windows.
- Plumb line, hydraulic level, rack level 60–100 cm.
- Hammer with drills (length 150–200 mm, diameter: 6 mm and 10–12 mm).
- Tape measure, pencil.
- Shoe knife.
- Hammer and rubber mallet.
- Step ladder.
- Water sprayer.
- Wooden wedges, polymer wedges.
- PSUL tape, vapor barrier tape or mastic.
- A set of hexagons for adjusting fittings.
- Dry cement mixture for repairing the opening and restoring the external slope.
- Wood saw and pry bar (for dismantling).
- Mounting plates, quick-installation dowels, metal screws with a drill.
- Expansion anchors or self-tapping screws for wood.
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Mounting features
When installing, be sure to pay attention to the raw materials from which the partitions are made. Walls are often concrete, wood or brick. Each material has its own characteristics, so the installation technology adapts to the characteristics of the opening.
Tree
It is prohibited to install window units in partitions made of wood. Under the influence of weather conditions (temperature, humidity), log houses or frame structures are deformed, which will cause damage to the profile. If you fix the frame by unpacking, then changing the structure of the building will push out the fasteners. The loose screws will gradually come out of the wood and remain inside the glass unit.
Installation of anchor parts on wood Source okon-sp.ru
Installing windows on plates is the only correct solution, even for heavy and multi-tiered blocks. The profile will be protected from deformation by an additional frame made of wood, which is placed in the opening. When installing on anchor parts, leave 3 cm of free space between the box and the partition. The gap is then insulated with jute and hidden under the platband.
Plastic window sills are installed using traditional technology. If a wooden model is needed, then first install a natural horizontal structure, then proceed to fixing the additional frame. The bottom profile rests its entire surface on the wood part. Empty spaces are foamed with a polymer mass, which, after crystallization, strengthens the fastening. After drying, the remains are cut off and the joints are puttied.
Assembly seam
An assembly seam is an element of an abutment assembly, which is a combination of various insulating materials used to fill the installation gap and having specified characteristics. The seam must meet the following requirements:
- Ensuring reliable fastening of the window unit to the wall;
- Ensuring the required temperature and humidity conditions at the junction of the window frame and the wall. In this case, the window unit must be installed in such a way as to avoid freezing of the window slopes and the frame profile itself;
- Density and tightness;
- Low thermal conductivity and high durability;
- Susceptibility to thermal expansion and contraction of the window unit without loss of tightness.
GOST establishes the requirements that the three-layer construction of the construction seam meets - it ensures ideal preservation of the thermal insulation properties of the foam.
Assembly seam – 3 layers:
- External – waterproofing, vapor permeable;
- Central – thermal insulation;
- Internal – vapor barrier.
This design is designed to ensure the resistance of the assembly seam not only to atmospheric influences, temperature and moisture, including from the inside, but also resistance to operational influences. In addition, it must be resistant to various types of deformation, both temperature and force.
The outer (outer) layer of the assembly seam protects it from moisture penetration, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, exposure to temperatures from -35 to +70°C, and partially prevents the penetration of cold air through the assembly seam, etc.
In addition, the outer layer of the installation seam must have high vapor permeability ( vapor permeability coefficient
outer layer material –
at least 0.15 mg/(m*h*Pa)
to remove condensation moisture from the installation seam to the street.
Today, the most mature technology is the construction of the outer layer of the assembly seam using vapor-permeable self-expanding sealing tapes (PSUL). There is a fairly wide range of names for this type of material, but not all are suitable for sealing window installation joints. PSUL tapes intended for installation of window blocks must withstand water pressure in a compressed operating state of over 300 Pa. The PSUL must be resistant to ultraviolet radiation (the total irradiation dose to the front surfaces during testing is at least 5 GJ/m2
).
Applying a layer of plaster, putty or painting compositions to PSUL is not allowed!!!
The central layer must provide the specified resistance to heat transfer of the assembly seam and the necessary sound insulation.
To create the middle layer, polyurethane foam or, more simply, polyurethane foam is used. (Spray foam is a polyurethane foam sealant). The central layer must be made without voids, cracks, peeling and overflows. Shells larger than 10 mm are not allowed. The water absorption of foam insulation of the central layer when completely immersed for 24 hours should not exceed 3% by weight. The high heat and noise insulation characteristics of polyurethane foam are maintained only in a dry state. Humidification negates all of its above-mentioned advantages. Therefore, keeping the insulation in as dry a condition as possible is the main task performed by the outer and inner layers of the assembly seam.
The inner layer must be sealed and provide reliable insulation of the central layer materials from the effects of water vapor from the room.
Vapor barrier materials along the internal contour of the installation gap must be laid continuously, without gaps, tears or un-glued areas. Vapor barrier materials of the inner layer of the installation joint must have a vapor permeability coefficient of no more than 0.01 mg/(m*h*Pa). Vapor barrier sealing tape is made of aluminum foil, coated on one side with a self-adhesive plastic-elastic mass based on butyl rubber with a high degree of adhesiveness. The tape must be glued tightly along its entire length. Any gap or swelling is a channel for moisture penetration. The width of the tape is determined by the formula: the width of the installation gap plus 30 mm or more.
Possible difficulties
The durability of glass block and indoor comfort depend on compliance with installation rules. Installation of PVC windows on anchor plates must be carried out under the supervision of a professional. If the technology is violated, negative situations arise that a novice installer will not notice.
If the profile is not set at the correct level, the doors will open on their own. The problem can be partially eliminated by adjusting the fittings, but the design will still continue to function with errors. It is better to spend 10-15 minutes making adjustments before installation than to correct defects.
Using fasteners for an extension Source techno-comf.ru
The construction foam on the street side must be covered. Over the course of a year, changes in temperature, humidity and sunlight destroy the structure of the polymer mass. If in the first weeks the substance does not allow drafts, dust and cold into the room, then after 10 months the tightness of the opening will be broken.
When installing anchor plates on the frame, you must carefully screw the fasteners. If you accidentally damage the profile, the integrity of the structure will be destroyed. Plastic windows:
- will begin to sweat;
- freeze in the cold;
- Mold will appear on the slopes.
To prevent the block from depressurizing, it is better for novice installers to use small wood screws. Compact fasteners with dowels hold well not only in wood, but also in bricks and concrete. An accidentally bent part can be easily removed from the wall or profile.
When working with dense partitions, the plates can be attached to the structure with an anchor. The classic element consists of a steel sleeve, a fitting and a marking for a screwdriver. As the part rotates, the screw expands, securing the fastener in the wall and in the plastic. The disadvantage of the model is its high cost.
Professionals fasten the plates with dowels instead of anchors. Self-tapping screws for concrete are larger in size than models for wood. Fasteners inserted into the dowels will securely fix the structure in the opening. To ensure that the part fits perfectly into a dense base, holes are pre-drilled. Under heavy loads, fasteners often break.
