How to lay out, cut through, enlarge or reduce a window in a brick wall?

The specific design of window units is largely determined by the functional affiliation of the premises in the house.
Windows not only transmit light and heat from the sun, but can also transmit cold and dampness. In this regard, if such blocks are installed incorrectly, the house will become cool and damp, which is why mold appears on the walls and furniture.

It is correct when the size and placement of window units is determined by the project, taking into account the construction volume of the house and the climatic characteristics of the area.

However, homeowners sometimes have a situation when they need to install a new window or reconstruct an old one in a built house, in which case they will need to know all the rules and regulations, as well as the procedure for obtaining permission and the technology for performing the work.

We will talk about the construction of window openings in a brick wall below.

Regulatory requirements for the installation of window openings

The requirements for making openings in brick houses for wooden or metal-plastic double-glazed windows are, in principle, the same. Creation begins with the completion of a house project. It should indicate the location of window portals, their dimensions and the technology for laying brick rows.

Basic requirements when making window openings in a brick household:

1. 
   Height from the floor: living rooms from 0.700 to 0.900 m; kitchen from 0.800 to 1.200 m; bath, toilet, outbuildings up to 1,600 m; warm veranda and balcony from 0.700 to 1.000 m.

2. Underneath it is a base of 10 rows of ordinary brickwork. The final plane is made of blocks laid perpendicular to the wall axis, protruding outward.
3. The width of the portal is wider than the dimensions of the frame.
4. The window unit is installed from inside the room.
5. The frame must rest against the slope with its front part.
6. After laying the side walls of the opening, a ceiling is laid on top of them, taking on the entire load of the upper brick rows and ceiling beams.
7. A concrete beam from 250 to 300 mm or a metal profile 120x120 mm is used as a lintel.
8. Before facing walls with an installed frame, reinforcement mesh is used along the edge of the portal.

Construction of strip foundations on the ground

First, wooden pegs are installed around the perimeter of the construction and the length of the fence is measured to the nearest centimeter. After this, they begin to calculate the number of pillars, taking into account the size of the gates and gates. Depending on the filling of the fence body, the distance between the posts may vary. It ranges from 2.5 to 3 meters. If the soil allows you to avoid installing formwork, concrete is poured directly into the ground.

This is possible for clayey, rocky soils that may not crumble for several days in good weather without rain. If the ground is sandy, it is necessary to install formwork to the entire height of the base. For formwork, boards, plywood, and flat slate are used. If the house is located on a slope, then the fence foundation will have to be stepped.

Photo: foundation with pillars installed on a slope

Benefits of using buta

Foundations for a fence made of rubble stone with brick pillars are in no way inferior to concrete ones in terms of load-bearing capacity. To fill the trench, use any stone materials of suitable size. Large stones are split with a chisel or an old axe. To do this, they are placed on the ground and, with strong blows, first cut a long furrow in them, and then split them. The stones are tied together with a solution of at least M200 grade.

There should be no gaps or cavities between the elements that are not filled with cement mortar. If water gets into the cavity in winter and freezes, there is a risk that the foundation will rupture and the fence may tilt. If the bottom of the foundation tilts a few centimeters, the top of the fence will move 5-10 cm to the side and everything will have to be redone.

Photo: rubble laying

Foundation with glasses and reinforced concrete beam

This is the most cost-effective option for constructing foundations for brick fences. After laying out the plan, holes are dug under the fence and concrete cups are poured into the formwork. At the top of the glass a recess is left equal to the thickness of the beam. Reinforced concrete beams, which act as a plinth, can be cast in one place, and after hardening, transported to the fence and installed. An expansion joint should be provided between the beams and the glasses.

Foundation on screw piles

Steel screw pile supports can be used to construct foundations in soils with low bearing capacity. They have steel caps on which a concrete grillage is formed under the load-bearing beams

It should be taken into account that screw pile supports for houses have a closed contour and are a rectangle or square in plan

Fences can be longer, and in order to reduce the influence of positive or negative temperatures, expansion joints will have to be made at certain intervals. The advantage of screw steel supports is that there is no need to use earth-moving equipment during their construction. In fact, the body of the foundation is above the ground.

Adviсe:

• Choose welded piles for low-density soils or cast ones for heavier ones. However, keep in mind: cast piles are much more expensive, although more durable.
• The internal cavities of the piles are filled with concrete of a grade not lower than M200.
• For fences with a large windage, filled with corrugated sheets, you will have to make calculations for wind load.

Construction of strip-column foundations

This type of base is used for brick fences with continuous brick filling between the posts on unstable soils in climatic zones with a freezing depth of more than 1 meter or in areas with permafrost. A very expensive method of constructing such foundations. This requires the use of special machines and mechanisms: excavators, drilling rigs.

The pillars are concreted in special metal formwork and, after hardening, treated with bituminous compounds for waterproofing. Waterproofing serves as a lubricant for heaving soils when temperatures drop to -30° C and below. The entire body of the foundation with pillars is reinforced with steel reinforcement.

What tools and supplies will be needed?

The list of necessary tools and building materials depends on when the window will be installed - at the construction or reconstruction stage. Since in the first case it will mainly be a construction tool, and in the second, devices will be added for dismantling part of the walls.

At the stage of building a house

To design window openings during the construction of a new facility, you will need a standard set of masons and special equipment so that the master can carry out the masonry efficiently and efficiently.

Basic tools for the production of window openings:

• a container of at least 50 liters and a shovel for mixing the laying mortar;
• a 10–12 liter bucket for carrying the solution to the construction site;
• a trowel (trowel) of a trapezoidal shape, a hammer-pick for preparing additional parts of the brick;
• rubber mallet for adjustment;
• plumb line to create vertical structure up to 1 mm;
• tape measure, mooring cord from 100 m, pencils;
• hydraulic level;
• square for creating 90 degree angles, with sides of 50 cm;
• laser device for axes and tape measure;
• accurate spirit level and long rule;
• template for masonry mortar;
• jointing and ordering for masonry;
• mason personal protective equipment and safety slings;
• concrete, brick, metal profile.

In finished design

In the case when windows are made in a finished brick wall, additional tools and devices for dismantling are added to this list:

• 
  crowbar with a T-shape for breaking a brick wall;

• chisels and peaks;
• concrete breakers;
• sledgehammer - impact hammer for breaking bricks;
• grinder, for cutting and sharpening various parts and products;
• a hammer drill to chop off an unnecessary layer, hollow out a niche or make a groove.

Decorating a house with panels: pros and cons

The appearance of the facade is an important aspect of the design of a residential building.

For this purpose, there are many types of materials, differing in properties, cost and other features. Plastic facade panels are a popular solution for decorating the facade of a residential building. They have a varied appearance and have high technical characteristics.

Externally, PVC does not differ from other panel options

Plastic products differ from metal and other options at a lower cost. In many cases this factor plays an important role. At the same time, PVC panels have the following advantages:

• the light weight of the material allows you to avoid additional load on the foundation and load-bearing elements of the building; the resistance of PVC to precipitation and temperature changes ensures their durability; a variety of colors makes it easy to find a specific option; simple installation is carried out without a large number of fasteners; to clean the panels, just wipe them with a damp cloth; damaged elements can be easily replaced with new ones without completely dismantling the wall cladding.

PVC panels are available in all hardware stores.

When choosing, it is worth considering the disadvantages of the material.

An important property of plastic is that the panels are not sufficiently resistant to ultraviolet radiation. In order to avoid damage to the skin, you need to choose panels with a good protective layer. And it is also worth considering that low-quality elements are more prone to deformation and cracks than thick and durable panels

How to do it?

The implementation of window openings in newly constructed buildings is an important component of construction and installation work. The openings are made according to the project and the developed technological map.

The owner of the house will need to pay special attention to the situation when the masonry of the window portal is carried out as part of the reconstruction of load-bearing walls. It is allowed to be carried out only after completing a set of preparatory work, the main one of which is obtaining the appropriate permission from city services.

In the process of laying

The harmony of the facade of the house is ensured by the symmetrical arrangement of windows . In individual low-rise buildings, such an opening begins to form from the 14th brick row. Regardless of the chosen masonry method, a bonded row is laid under the window sill.

The cladding in the 1st row is done so that the edges of the opening walls are aligned with the vertical seam, or 1/2 of the brick. The cladding itself should protrude 1/4 of the brick to provide additional thermal protection.

Features of brickwork of a wall opening during the construction of a house:

1. Lay out the side walls. A horizontal lintel is placed on the top row of blocks - a purlin so that it not only covers the window portal, but extends onto the side walls by at least 100 mm on both sides. Otherwise, it will not be able to take on the load from the higher rows of bricks and ceiling slabs.
2. To install the wedge girder, 40-50 mm wooden formwork is installed above the construction portal. In this run, an odd number of rows are performed, and the central row is installed only vertically.
3. A concrete solution of 40 mm is applied to the formwork.
4. Then standard or wedge-shaped bricks are placed vertically, with a slight slope, to create a wedge.
5. The bricks are laid on edge, with the seams tied between the blocks in one row. The masonry is carried out from 2 sides simultaneously, heading towards the center.
6. When everything is done correctly, the last bricks in the middle of the arch will be inserted into the remaining space with great effort.
7. After installing the purlin, check the accuracy of the dimensions again, and then proceed to install the next layers of brick. Installation of window blocks, sealing of cracks and finishing are carried out after completion of construction and installation works in the house.

How to cut through a solid wall?

The purlin, tools and building materials are pre-prepared. If the portal is being built in the outer wall, then the markings are also made from the outside, and the location of the upper edge of the purlin must be taken into account.

Technological process for installing a window opening in a solid wall of a brick house:

1. The locations of the purlins are marked on the outer surface of the wall.
2. The wall is drilled so that it is possible to transfer the marks for the studs to the inner plane of the wall. This stage is performed simultaneously on 2 sides of the wall.
3. The studs are installed in holes with equal protrusions on both sides. The protrusions of the studs are supported by supports and fixed.
4. The wall is cleaned from plaster to brick.
5. At the site of the lintel, the bricks are carefully removed and the purlin is inserted.
6. The masonry layer under the purlin is removed from both sides. Following this, the remaining part of the wall is freed.
7. The protruding parts of the wall are chipped off so that its edges are even. To do this, after installing the purlin, a cut is made with a grinder.
8. Next, they begin installing double-glazed windows and finishing work.

Expansion of the opening

So, removing 6 cm of the wall - namely, the size of a quarter of a brick - does not imply any measures to provide support for the lintel. It’s a completely different matter if you need to radically expand an existing window, combine two openings into one - or even cut an opening in the masonry where there was not one originally.

• Cladding a window opening with brick is not always done in a house under construction. Sometimes a building is simply rebuilt, overhauled, and the expansion of openings becomes an integral part of the work. Therefore, this chapter will provide short instructions on this topic.
• With a significant expansion of the opening, not only the window block is dismantled. To make a new, longer jumper, the old jumper most often has to be removed. The number one task that needs to be solved is to provide reliable supports for the new lintel.

Reinforcing an opening cut into brickwork with a steel lintel

After the surface of the heels has hardened, a beam is installed in the grooves, wedged and supports are arranged. Next, the same thing is done from the side of the room, after which the wall is dismantled; the supporting posts are removed; the nests formed in the wall are sealed; and install the new window frame. Of course, it is impossible to make beautiful brick lintels in such a situation - this is done during the process of building a house. When expanding openings, either reinforced concrete products or rolled steel are used

In private construction, the second option is most often used, which is why we focus on it.

Brickwork of a window opening

• After the metal beam is installed, it and the brickwork above the window opening are jammed, and only then the dismantling of the old slopes begins. The lintel for a new large opening, combining two small old windows, is mounted in the same way. Only here, in addition to the side slopes, you also need to support the central partition.
• After the grooves for the new lintel are cut out and the heels are cemented, the wall between the two openings is trimmed. It is completely disassembled, removing racks and supports along the way, after the lintel beams have been installed. If the wall is thick, then the lintel should consist of three beams: two along the outer contours, and one central, which is inserted from the side of the opening, from below.

Then all this is pulled together with crossbars and the window opening is lined with bricks

Please note that new slopes are laid out using M50 mortar, tying them to the existing wall by all available means

In this case, one of the most popular options for framing the opening today is most often used, which is called a “quarter”. In any case, this is the simplest option.

Layout of decorative elements

The design of quarter-brick openings can be done both during the construction of a wall and during the process of replacing windows. To make quarters on a rectangular window, the easiest way is to use a steel lintel, and it’s most convenient if it’s a corner measuring 120*120 mm.

The metal, by the way, must be coated with an anti-corrosion compound before installation.

If the window needs to be given a spherical shape, then instead of rolled steel, wooden circular templates are used - it is on them that the brick is laid over the window opening.

Brick window opening

• To make a quarter, the brick is pushed beyond the general plane of the wall, poking forward, by 5-6 cm. This is a quarter of the length of the brick, which gives the name to this architectural element. By the way, with the advent of plastic windows, it began to be performed not just as decoration. The quarter on the opening allows you to cover the joints between the masonry and the window frame, thereby improving the quality of thermal insulation of the opening.
• The presence of quarters on the opening is an excellent option not only from an aesthetic point of view. They allow you to use any seals and heat-insulating materials to seal the gaps between the window frame and the wall. Although, in order to highlight window openings on the facade, there are other, more decorative ways of laying bricks.

Simple framing of openings against the background of decorative wall masonry

When constructing masonry, not only the butt side, but also the spoon side can move forward. In this case, the brick itself may not lie on the edge, but be positioned vertically. The position of the bricks, as well as their color, and even shape, can alternate, creating a pattern similar to battlements or a chessboard.

What can I say: an experienced mason can lay out not only the window areas, but also the entire wall, as it is now fashionable to say: in “3D format”. This is exactly the kind of art, without exaggeration, that we see in the picture above.

Change of size

Before changing the size of the window on the wall, which is provided for by the project, you need to determine what type it is: load-bearing or dividing .

This can be understood by studying the house design or technical plan, which the operating organization or BTI must provide to the apartment owner. After this, it will be possible to prepare a set of documents to obtain permission to re-equip window openings.

When and why is it necessary?

In the era of standard construction 60-90. of the last century, most windows were installed in sizes that do not correspond to modern design and building fashion in residential construction.

Changes in state urban planning standards and the emergence of innovative building materials today allow owners of old residential buildings to carry out reconstruction with an increase in window units.

The place of old square or other standard window blocks is now occupied by rhombic, arched and other modern double-glazed windows.

Along with the need to install large windows, there is a situation when, on the contrary, they need to be installed smaller ones, for example, when old administrative premises are being reconstructed or additional wall area is needed to install furniture.

Reconstruction

Work on the reconstruction of window units is associated with the safety of the process, since it is often carried out at height.
In addition, dangerous work includes dismantling a lintel and part of a brick wall; if done incorrectly, the wall above the window may collapse.

In addition to the usual mason's kit, for dismantling work you will need a sledgehammer, a jackhammer and a hammer drill. Currently, many construction companies, instead of a jackhammer, have begun to use diamond cutting, which works with any type of material, providing the most accurate opening configuration with virtually no noise and dust.

In addition, to carry out the work, the master will need a brick to form a new size, laying mortar and a set of protective clothing:

• headphones,
• gloves,
• overalls,
• mask,
• glasses and shoes.

How to expand and contract?

Expanding the size of window blocks in a brick house is carried out using impact-dynamic cutting or a tool with cutting diamond discs.

The main stages of increasing the window opening:

1. Clear the room of objects as much as possible.
2. Protecting furniture from possible dust.
3. Removing old double glazing.
4. Mark the boundaries of the new portal.
5. Punch a through hole.
6. Install a new jumper, larger in size.
7. Bricks are knocked out 30 cm wider than the window frame.

Stages of reducing a window opening:

1. Take out the old window block and clean the internal surfaces of the opening, including with a vacuum cleaner. Cleaned surfaces are primed to ensure good adhesion to the solution.
2. In order to reduce the cross-section of the window opening in height, holes for the corners are drilled with a hammer drill and secured with dowels or bolts.
3. Lay the 1st brick row.
4. To reduce the width of the opening, masonry is made, which is aligned along the outside.
5. The gaps between the corner and the wall need to be foamed, then carefully cut off the frozen foam with a knife.
6. The laying solution is thick; during the process, the blocks are tapped with a rubber hammer to ensure better adhesion to each other.
7. Allow the masonry to harden overnight.
8. Reinforced mesh is installed.
9. Plastering is being done.
10. The dried plaster is carefully coated with a primer.
11. A new double-glazed window is inserted and the small window is ready.

Window trim

After completing the brickwork, you should leave the bricked window in this condition for some time so that the mortar sets well and dries. It is good if there is sufficient ventilation in the room. This will significantly speed up the drying process. At the next stage of sealing the window opening, finishing work is carried out. They involve cleaning the surface after laying the brick, priming, plastering, as well as putty for wallpaper or paint.

Having cleared the embedded window fragment from traces of cement mortar, you can begin priming and plastering the wall surface. The primer is applied with a special brush with a thick fleecy head. It is recommended to apply several layers of such a protective and strengthening composition, allowing it to dry completely. Then they begin to level the surface of the filled window opening.

For this purpose, ready-made dry mixtures containing lime are usually used. Such material easily turns into a working solution after adding water and thoroughly mixing. The plaster is applied to the surface with a special ladle and then smoothed with a rule, resulting in an even layer. After completing such work, they begin to finish the wall. It involves applying gypsum putty and covering the surface with wallpaper or painting it.

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Very often, owners of corner apartments, in order to provide comfortable living conditions and keep the room warm, get rid of one of the windows. Most often, brick is used for these purposes.

To brick a window, you need to stock up on some tools. Among them you will need a construction level, a mixer for making the mixture, a trowel, a spatula and a bucket. Such a tool will allow you to complete all the work without much effort. The materials you need to stock up on are bricks, cement with sand and polystyrene foam.

Work should begin by dismantling the window frame. This must be done together with the box. After this, it is necessary to remove all construction dirt and begin laying the material. In some cases, gas silicate blocks can be used instead of bricks.

All work must be carried out in such a way that the thermal insulation of the walls of the house is maintained. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the thickness of the wall covering specified in the design documentation. Therefore, laying bricks is carried out in 2 ways - hollow and solid.

When using the blind laying method, the entire area of ​​the opening is completely sealed. For this, only brick is used. If the hollow laying method is used, then it is necessary to lay one row of bricks on the street side, and the second from the inside of the apartment. The remaining space between them must be filled with foam boards or backfill material. This material will improve the thermal and sound insulation of the new surface.

All installation work must be carried out carefully so that there are no distortions in the installation along horizontal and vertical planes. For these purposes, you need to use a building level, the length of which must be at least 50 cm.

After completing the brick laying work, a layer of plaster is applied. Plaster should be applied both from the outside of the wall and from the inside. For these purposes, it is best to use façade varieties of finishing material. Such facade plaster will not only give a beautiful and aesthetic appearance to the new surface, but will also provide additional protection from various weather conditions.

After completing the finishing work, you need to wait 1-2 weeks and only after that can you actively use the wall surface. During this time, the cement mortar will completely harden.

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Possible errors and difficulties in the process

Difficulties in making window openings both during construction and reconstruction are associated, first of all, with incorrect measurements of window blocks.
This subsequently leads to problems with thermal insulation and a decrease in the reliability of installation work.

Incorrectly made clearances will need to be redone , and this will lead to higher costs for construction work. To prevent this from happening, you will need to link the openings to the wall.

Particular attention is paid to the top of the slopes; it is checked taking into account the design of the finished floor. It happens that when making openings, the required gaps on the sides of the box of 30 mm and at the bottom of 60 mm are not observed. Also, the shape of the opening is often incorrectly executed with violation of the diagonals, when they are not equal to each other.

Incorrect calculations of a reduced double-glazed window : after installing PVC structures, the glazing area becomes insufficient and cannot provide sufficient natural light to the room.

When making a window opening in a solid wall, the reinforcement of the structure is incorrectly calculated, which causes cracks to form on the wall above it. In such a situation, consultation with specialists and professional strengthening of the wall structure will be required.

In what cases is it worth sealing a window in a log house?

• an old house was purchased and the new owners decided to carry out a large-scale reconstruction;
• during the first years of operation, it turned out that real heat losses exceeded the calculated ones, and since windows are the main channel of heat loss, the owners decided to reduce the total glazing area (most often, a similar situation arises after the construction of a bathhouse);
• there was a need to change the internal layout of the rooms and, as a result, it was necessary to install one or more old windows;
• During the construction of the house, the requirements for the casing design were ignored, as a result of which the installed PVC double-glazed windows burst, and it was decided to install new windows with a reduction in the glazing area.

Please note that removing a window is a complex and expensive operation, so before deciding to start such work, we recommend weighing the pros and cons several times.

In addition, it should be taken into account that in order to completely hide the location of the sealed window, you will have to significantly modify the interior and exterior of the house.

Price of work

The final cost of installing a window opening in brick buildings will depend on when it will be installed - during new construction or in a finished wall. The price is also affected by the size of the window and its shape, the thickness of the walls, the chosen method of waterproofing and the cost of dismantling work.

During construction

Initial data:

• opening in the new wall 2.1x1.5 = 3.15 m2;
• slopes in the new wall: 8.64 m.p.;
• window sill size: 1.5x0.4 = 0.84 m2.

Costing for the installation of a window unit at a facility under construction:

After construction

Initial data:

• making an opening in an old wall: 3.15 m2;
• length of slopes: 8.64 m.p.;
• window sill area: 0.84 m2.

How much does it cost to embed a window into a brick wall:

Reducing or increasing dimensions

Initial data:

• reducing the size of the glass unit: 1.5x1.5 = 2.25 m2;
• length of slopes: 7.2 m.p.;
• total window sill area: 1.5 x 0.4 = 0.60 m2.

Calculation for reducing the size of a double-glazed window in a brick wall:

Application of masonry mesh

Fastening facing bricks to a load-bearing wall is often done using a masonry mesh. This is a fairly old but reliable method. The mesh is inexpensive and does not require complicated installation, but it must be laid at the time of construction of the aerated concrete wall; it will not be possible to attach the mesh to the finished structure. The mesh is needed so that when the building shrinks, the load is distributed evenly and cracks do not appear on the facade. You can use a metal product or galvanized mesh.

Attaching the mesh to the foam block

An option for attaching the mesh to the wall using pieces of cut mounting tape and wood screws

Attaching facing bricks to the walls using a mesh should occur every three rows. If a masonry of 2 blocks is used, then you can lay a grid every 4 rows. If not very strong blocks are used, more frequent laying of the mesh is acceptable, but in no case less frequent. It is necessary to reinforce the row from scratch: this will help firmly secure the cladding and avoid damage in the future.

Another option for attaching the construction mesh

This type of fastening for facing bricks can be made from different materials, for example, steel, fiberglass

When choosing a mesh, you need to pay attention to its rigidity; for example, fiberglass is not suitable for areas of the wall that are subject to heavy loads. Metal mesh is considered the most reliable; it can be used for any type of building

Steel springs well, is not afraid of strong physical impacts, is tensile strength, and is lightweight and does not overload the structure. This is one of the simplest and most practical fastenings for facing bricks. The metal mesh is sharp, so there is a high risk of injury. Basalt in this regard is much safer, moreover, it does not rust, and can withstand the same loads.

Fastening a wall made of facing bricks to aerated concrete using a mesh has the following features:

• Withstands loads up to 50 kN/m.
• Has high strength.
• The small mass of the product does not act on the structure as an additional load.
• It can stretch, so it has a certain plasticity.
• If you use a metal mesh, cold bridges may form inside the walls; the basalt option eliminates this problem.
• It is worth noting that the basalt mesh is stronger in tension.
• Not afraid of environmental influences. If the mesh is made of basalt or stainless steel, ordinary steel can oxidize under the influence of moisture and oxygen, which causes rust to appear and the product loses its quality over time.

Conclusion: fastening facing bricks to aerated concrete is possible in a variety of ways, the choice of which depends not only on the cost of the products, but also on the stage of construction.

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Peculiarities

Exterior window framing is a process that must be approached carefully. Framing is preceded by the installation of the windows themselves - wooden or plastic. If you have never encountered this, it is better to seek help from professionals

It is especially important that the work is carried out by specialists if you have a ventilated facade

Once the windows are installed, you can think about the exterior decor and take into account several nuances.

Modern finishing options are extremely diverse

At the same time, when choosing synthetic options, make sure that the material does not have any foreign odor when heated and does not deform - the quality of the material is important for your health and comfort

Before installing frames made of stone or other heavy materials on the facade of the house, calculate whether the weight of the structure is too large

In rare cases, particularly heavy structures lead to deformation of the walls. Pay attention to the rules for working with different materials and think about whether you will do the finishing yourself. While siding can be easily fixed with your own hands, stone framing will require special knowledge, and the work of specialists can be expensive. Consider what style of framing will suit your home

The finishing should be organically combined with both the exterior of the house and the decorative elements on your site.

Bookmark methods

In practice, there are two ways to lay a window, suggesting a hollow and blind option. In the first case, it is laid with bricks in two rows. First, the outer row is laid, after which the constructed partition is insulated with polystyrene foam or mineral wool. After this, the laying of the inner row is done.

Thanks to the insulation through such a partition, heat loss will be significantly reduced and sound insulation will significantly increase.

When the opening is solidly filled with foam concrete or brick, such material forms a continuous monolithic partition corresponding to the thickness of the wall. When carrying out masonry, it is recommended to regularly check the verticality of the surface using a level and plumb line. The brick should not protrude beyond the surface of the wall, and rows of blocks should be laid parallel to each other to ensure sufficient strength for the partition.

To properly lay a window opening, you need to follow the sequence of work and follow all the recommendations of specialists.

Almost any brick can be used to fill such an opening. The entire window space must be completely covered, excluding the formation of gaps and open fragments. Otherwise, the thermal insulation of the external wall may be damaged, which will lead to the formation of condensation on the internal surface.

Briefly about the main thing

Many owners of private buildings and commercial buildings are thinking about remodeling the interior space, so punching a new doorway is one of the most popular construction procedures. To work independently, knowledge of the correct technology is required. It is better for beginners in construction not to undertake such experiments, especially since such work requires special permission.

To make an opening in a brick wall, you need to complete all legal documents. The most important thing is to obtain permission from local authorities. If redevelopment work was once prohibited, it is almost impossible to obtain the papers.

When all requirements and standards are met, and the house is not in disrepair, documents are issued fairly quickly. Although you will have to return to the MFC more than once with reports.

Another point is the study of the parameters and properties of the building material. To make the process easier for yourself and speed up the time of constructing a new hole for the door, you need to understand the type of masonry, its density, etc. The choice of tool, as well as methods of work, depend on this. It is also important to study in detail the technology of the work itself.

The process of punching through a doorway itself consists of 4 stages - preparing the wall, drawing the outline and cutting, strengthening the door and external finishing. The penultimate stage is mandatory only for load-bearing and self-supporting walls. If an opening is being cut in a partition, there is no urgent need for the third stage.

General information

The construction industry is developing very rapidly, and the market for construction and finishing materials is regularly replenished with new high-tech materials, which allow expanding the field of activity of designers and architects.

New and modern finishing materials make it possible to make the framing of your home's windows stylish, original, attractive and durable. For decorative window framing, materials such as brick, natural stone, gypsum, polyurethane panels, wood and other materials can be successfully used. Most often you can see the framing of openings on the facade with brick and wood.

The choice of material directly depends on the goals that the home owner achieves. In addition, it should be remembered that framing with brick, wood, polyurethane slabs and other materials allows you to create an original style of window framing.

For decorative framing of windows, materials such as brick, natural stone, gypsum, wood and other materials can be successfully used.

Recommendations from professionals

As for the load-bearing wall, it would be best to entrust the matter to professionals. If you are determined to do everything with your own hands, then you need to listen to the following advice:

1. The lintel must be mounted in a load-bearing wall with a distance between two bolts connecting the channel of no more than half a meter.
2. It should extend onto the supporting surfaces in the range from 15 to 30 cm.

The bolts themselves that tighten the channel will have a diameter of at least 20 mm.

What if it's cladding?

cladding of window openings

The finishing of window openings with facing bricks should be done as aesthetically as possible. That is why in such cases they do not use a channel or concrete floors. But wide and metal will be enough. It is usually customary to lay it only on the side of the load-bearing wall itself. It is then that it will be invisible from the facade.

Sometimes during such work it will be necessary to trim the protruding parts from the outside - this way it will look much more beautiful. For this purpose, you need to use a dry layout.

Peculiarities

Exterior window framing is a process that must be approached carefully. Framing is preceded by the installation of the windows themselves - wooden or plastic. If you have never encountered this, it is better to seek help from professionals

It is especially important that the work is carried out by specialists if you have a ventilated facade

Once the windows are installed, you can think about the exterior decor and take into account several nuances.

Modern finishing options are extremely diverse

At the same time, when choosing synthetic options, make sure that the material does not have any foreign odor when heated and does not deform - the quality of the material is important for your health and comfort

Before installing frames made of stone or other heavy materials on the facade of the house, calculate whether the weight of the structure is too large

In rare cases, particularly heavy structures lead to deformation of the walls. Pay attention to the rules for working with different materials and think about whether you will do the finishing yourself. While siding can be easily fixed with your own hands, stone framing will require special knowledge, and the work of specialists can be expensive. Consider what style of framing will suit your home

The finishing should be organically combined with both the exterior of the house and the decorative elements on your site.