High-quality door hinges should fit organically into the design of the room and at the same time have decent performance characteristics. With the current variety of canopies, it can be difficult for a simple home craftsman to make a choice. Let's look at the main types of door hinges together and try to understand for which designs certain models are better suited.
Each door hinge has its own purpose and was developed for a specific type of structure
Classification of door hinges
Incorrectly selected hinges can cause many inconveniences, misalignment of doors and unnecessary expenses. Therefore, let's first understand the varieties. Door hinges are classified according to several criteria:
- at the installation site;
- according to the method of attachment to the box;
- according to the material of manufacture;
- by type of construction.
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Door furniture
Depending on the installation location - either hinges for entrance doors or interior doors. It is clear that the input loops are more durable and massive. A design feature of input loops is also that they are often equipped with a special mechanism that prevents their removal.
How to install it yourself
Installation takes a short amount of time. Even if the user has no experience, installation can be performed by following these tips:
- Carefully remove the canvas and remove the protective layer on the loot;
- carefully dismantle the old fittings; for this you can use a hex wrench or a screwdriver;
- attach new products in place of the old fittings; if the fittings are attached in a new location, you must first make holes of a suitable size;
- screw and hang the doors.
If overhead fittings are used, you can use special decorative caps to match the color of the material. Such decorative products disguise the fittings and act as a continuation of the door leaf.
Design features of door hinges
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Mortise hinges are almost invisible
We will continue to talk about ordinary interior doors. Structurally, they are divided into several varieties:
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Door hinges are the most important part of the furniture
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Variety of door hinges
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Overhead hinges can become a door decoration
- overhead, or removable;
- mortise - butterfly hinges;
- corner;
- universal;
- screw-in;
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Door with hidden hinges
- hidden;
- bilateral.
Now - about each variety in more detail.
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Hinges for glass doors
Conclusion
There are different types of door hinges on sale, differing in a number of parameters. Their choice in terms of price, appearance, size, and so on is entirely at the discretion of the owner. But if we are talking about purchasing canopies for entrance doors, then the priority characteristics are definitely strength, reliability and the impossibility of dismantling when the door is closed.
It is worth knowing that there are a lot of counterfeits on the market. Loops of dubious origin are difficult to distinguish from products of well-known manufacturers, even for a specialist. But their quality is incomparably worse - cheap materials and simplified technologies are used to reduce costs. Practice shows that after a few weeks such a loop simply breaks into pieces. When purchasing, be sure to read the certificate.
Sources:
- https://srbu.ru/stroitelnye-materialy/274-petli-dlya-dverej-vidy.html
- https://www.OrmanRus.ru/nakladnye-vreznye-skrytye-vse-o-petlyah-dlya-mezhkomnatnyh-dverej-i-tom-kak-ih-vybrat
- https://legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/dveri/dvernyie-petli-vidyi.html
- https://magnumdveri.ru/kakie-byvajut-dvernye-petli/
- https://gorodverey.ru/dvernye-navesy-vidy.html
- https://vitdoors.ru/dveri/kak-razobrat-sya-v-mnogoobrazii-vidov-dvernyh-petel.html
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Card loops: pros and cons
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Overhead (card) loops
Card, removable, overhead loops are the simplest of all listed and, perhaps, the most common. They are two plates, one of which has a funnel, the other has a pin, so they are attached to each other. These loops have been known since time immemorial. They were forged by hand by blacksmiths, and it was impossible to find two identical products. Today, of course, hinges are stamped on a conveyor belt and have standard sizes. The reasons for their continued popularity are that:
- Very simple installation, fastened with ordinary screws.
- Allows you to quickly remove the door from its hinges when required.
- They have a high load capacity. A heavy door made of solid oak, for example, is quite capable of them.
- They are durable. Warranty – up to 10 years. In fact, they sometimes worry about the door itself.
- They work smoothly and softly.
The disadvantages are that you need to know the side of the door - left hinge, right hinge. They do not replace each other in any way. A door with such hinges will not suit every interior style. Another disadvantage is a continuation of dignity. The door is easy to remove from its hinges and carry away.
A butterfly loop is the same as an overlay loop that folds down to the thickness of one card due to a cutout that resembles butterfly wings, hence the name. These loops have their own specific advantages and disadvantages. Pros:
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Butterfly loop
- Fast and easy installation.
- They fit equally to both left and right doors.
- They are inexpensive.
Unfortunately, there are more disadvantages:
- Low load capacity. They will not withstand a heavy solid wood door.
- They cannot be removed like regular card loops.
- Unfortunately, they are often of poor quality. One cannot expect long service from them.
- Due to the low load-bearing capacity of these hinges, doors often sag.
- They are visible at the end of the door, which does not look very aesthetically pleasing.
Mortise hinges, which are a type of overhead hinges, are not so noticeable. To install them, a recess is made in the end of the door being mounted, then the hinge is screwed in with screws. As a result, when the door is closed, only the rotary axes of the plates are visible.
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Mortise hinges
Versatility of mechanisms
Types of door hinges are divided into two classes: detachable and universal. In appearance, they consist of two plates and a rotating mechanism.
Thanks to their design, detachable types of canopies allow you to remove the door without unscrewing it. The entire system consists of two elements: a pin with a mounting plate and a barrel. These types can be overhead or mortise.
Installation is carried out as follows. The entire hinge is screwed onto the door end, but on the side where the barrel is located. After fitting, a plate with a pin is attached to the box.
Universal types refer to non-removable canopies. This type of hinge is perfect for the front door, as they will not allow you to simply remove it by lifting it.
They are mounted first on the end of the canvas, and then on the box.
But this device also hides the main disadvantage: if you suddenly need to remove the door for a while, this is only possible by unscrewing all the fastening screws.
Universal hinges
Universal hinges, as the name suggests, are suitable for any door. In addition, they have the following advantages:
- Large load capacity. Can support doors weighing up to 80 kilograms. There are simply no heavier interior doors.
- Very durable ones last as long as removable ones. If installed correctly, they will survive the door.
Doors on such hinges cannot be removed so easily. You need a screwdriver and 5 minutes of time. Another disadvantage is that they do not suit every interior style. In a high-tech environment, for example, they will sound dissonant.
Material type
When choosing components, you need to know what material the hinges are made of. Among the most common materials are:
- Steel. Such models are of high quality and will last for a long time. Most often, this type of fittings is used for heavy canvases.
- Brass. This material is used very often. The material is easy to process and retains its appearance for a long time.
- Pendulum. Universal models are used for interior doors. Allows you to open the door leaf in any direction.
- Brass plated. Such models are made using a zinc and steel alloy and are characterized by high strength and a long service life. Such fittings do not rust and are intended for all types of doors.
Models can be painted in different colors, depending on the overall interior of the room.
Features of screw-in hinges
Screw-in hinges are a slightly different story. They consist of two symmetrically located parts with holes for mounting screws. Instead of plates, they have cylinders that screw into the door frame and door leaf. They are best suited for doors with a “European sash”. The fashion for these loops came to us from there. Let's evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Advantages:
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Screw-in hinge
- They are practically invisible, the door looks neat.
- They can be adjusted, they allow you to eliminate distortions.
- The cheapest of what the market offers.
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Screw-in hinge in door
And here are the disadvantages:
- Since they screw directly into the door, the panel must be thick enough.
- Low load capacity, no more than 30 kilograms.
- Installation is somewhat more complicated; it requires a template.
- Two loops are usually not enough. It is recommended to hang even light doors on three hinges.
- It is impossible to remove the door from the frame without a screwdriver.
Screw-in hinges are not suitable for our standard doors.
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How to choose door hinges
According to GOST 27346-87 (“Lock and hardware products. Terms and definitions” ), a door hinge is a product that serves to connect doors with frames and provides opening and closing of doors.
Selecting the type and number of hinges There are a number of parameters based on which you can make the correct choice of the type of hinges, as well as their required number and location on the door leaf.
1. Selecting a loop based on the material of manufacture. For the most part, hinges are made of brass or steel (have high anti-corrosion properties) with various coatings.
Polished brass hinges are resistant to mechanical damage, unlike coated hinges. However, over time, they may darken (the manufacturing material contains copper, which oxidizes under the influence of the external environment). Darkening can be cleaned with a special paste.
Galvanized steel hinges are a budget option, but they are less resistant to corrosion. It is recommended to additionally protect anodized hinges from corrosion by covering them with paint or varnish after installation. As a rule, anodized hinges are installed on wickets and gates.
2. Depending on the type of loop, there are removable and non-removable, better known as “universal” . Having installed a non-removable universal hinge, the door can only be removed by unscrewing all the hinges from it. Removable hinges allow you to easily remove the door by lifting it, without dismantling the hinge.
Removable hinges according to the option of opening the door block are right and left. In order to determine which hinge you need to stand in front of the door so that it opens towards you. If the loops are located on the right hand, then these are right loops, if on the left, then these are left loops.
Selecting the loop size.
It is recommended to install hinges 100 mm high and 70 mm wide on interior doors. If the door is made of solid wood or is more than 2 meters in height, then in this case door hinges with dimensions of 125 * 70 mm are used.
The choice of the number of hinges depends on the location of the door (external or internal), intensity of use (residential or public premises with high traffic), weight and width of the leaf. When calculating, you must remember to include in the calculated weight, in addition to the weight of the sash itself, also the weight of the components: lock, handle, closer, etc. Choosing the correct location of the hinges affects the reliability of the door, since the lower hinge takes the weight of the door leaf, and the upper one works for leveling.
Installation of two hinges is recommended for small door sizes and weights (according to the graph in the figure)
Installation of three hinges is recommended on
- standard door weighing 35-50 kg (hinges: two at the top, one at the bottom).
- light door weighing up to 35 kg (three hinges, equally spaced from each other).
Installation of four hinges is recommended on
- heavy doors weighing 50-80 kg (two hinges at the bottom and at the top).
- doors with a height of more than 2100 mm.
For intensive use, it is recommended to choose hinges with bearings . The presence of a bearing increases the wear resistance and durability of the hinge.
Some models of removable hinges have a rolling bearing .
Universal hinges have a larger number of friction surfaces than removable hinges, and the likelihood that the hinges will, for example, creak, is greater. Therefore, manufacturers supplement the hinge design with plain bearings.
It is recommended to install such models of hinges on doors weighing more than 40-50 kg, since the friction between the cards is reduced so much that doors installed with slight deviations from the vertical begin to open or close spontaneously. Some types of hinges protect the door from breaking, the so-called. anti-removal hinges. In the design of the hinge, special pins are made on the card, which, when the door is closed, do not make it possible to lift it or remove it from the hinges when sawing or knocking out the hinge rod.
Corner and double-sided hinges
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Pendulum loop
Corner hinges differ from ordinary overhead hinges only in that instead of plates they have profile corners. They are fastened with mortise screws and are suitable for rebated doors. Double-sided loops are another type of card canopy. They are characterized by the fact that they allow the door to open in both directions - inward and outward. They are also called bar bars, and are usually installed in public or drinking establishments. Inside the apartment - not advisable.
Hidden hinges
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Hidden door hinges in the interior
Hidden hinges, they are also called secret hinges, because when the door is closed they are completely invisible. They have at least three rotary axes and their installation is quite complicated. Doors are equipped with such hinges directly at the factory. Finding them in stores is very difficult. They allow you to adjust the door in three planes - horizontally, vertically and by pressing force. To do this, simply tighten the screws without removing the canvas. These are the very doors that are completely suitable for modern styles - high-tech, modern, futurism and so on. Well, now let’s expose this innovation:
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Hidden hinges
- They have a small opening angle. You cannot bring large items through such a door.
- They are not visible only when the door is closed. When open, the entire structure faces out.
- Special requirements for the thickness of the canvas. The door should be no thinner than 4 centimeters.
- Complicated and expensive insertion.
- It is very difficult to remove the door from its hinges if repairs are needed.
- The hinges themselves are also very expensive.
Whether it makes sense to install such loops in an apartment is up to you to decide. Moreover, if you are an uncompromising fan of sharply modern styles, then this is the only option.
How to choose the right accessories
Incorrectly selected fittings often lead to products having a short service life. When choosing suitable components for interior doors, it is recommended to adhere to the following useful recommendations:
- Door weight. When purchasing hinges, it is important to compare the permissible weight of the door leaf.
- Frequency of door use. If the doors will be used frequently, it is necessary to select steel models that are designed for frequent use.
- End material. The end surface can be smooth or rebated. Not all types of hinges are suitable for rebated surfaces.
- Door opening side. When purchasing, users may encounter products that are designed for the left or only the right side. However, there are also universal models that can be hung on the required side.
- Availability of burglary protection. Such products are used for rooms that will be regularly locked. Most often, these types are used for industrial premises.
It is also necessary to correctly calculate the length of the product. For massive doors, preference should be given to products with a length of at least 10 cm. Models of smaller sizes are not intended for large doors and will last a short period.
What are door hinges made of?
As for the material of manufacture, there is not much variety. The hinges are made of stainless steel and brass. They are covered with enamel, chrome plated, made “gold”, “bronze” and so on. Briefly, the characteristics of these materials.
Brass hinges are not subject to corrosion and abrasion. However, they may darken over time. It's another matter if it is a brass-zinc alloy. It is not afraid of corrosion and is very durable.
Steel hinges are the cheapest, they are simply stamped. Yes, they are durable, but squeaking may occur over time. If it is ordinary steel, not stainless steel, then it is still susceptible to corrosion.
