Everything the owner needs to know about the design of aluminum windows

Fire-resistant window structures with profiles made of various metals look great on the facade of the building and are harmonious with the interior design of the premises. Steel fireproof windows are no exception, the profile of which allows all types of processing - painting for a standard steel profile, grinding or polishing for a stainless steel one.

A manufacturer of fire-resistant steel structures with glazing, the FOTOTECH company offers to produce steel windows of the required degree of protection of any size and configuration, including modified versions with openings.

Heating, water supply, sewerage

There are two types of filling of window openings in industrial buildings: separate, separated by partitions, and strip - in the form of continuous horizontal strips of considerable length without partitions.
Glazing in industrial buildings can be single, double or combined (the lower part has double glazing, and the upper part has single glazing). Unlike civil buildings, where window sashes usually rotate around a vertical axis, sashes that rotate around a horizontal axis are used in industrial buildings.

Depending on the location of the horizontal axis of rotation, top-, bottom- and middle-hung sashes are distinguished. Window sashes in industrial buildings can be steel, aluminum, wood and reinforced concrete.

Steel frames are used in hot shops (foundries, rolling mills), in shops with high air humidity and in high-capacity buildings. They are made from special rolled or stamped profiles and are divided into blind, internal opening and internal casement.

With steel sashes, the frame (filling) of window openings up to 7.2 m high consists of vertical posts - imposts, located between the sashes and along the edges of the openings. When the height of the openings is more than 7.2 m, horizontal wind crossbars are installed that absorb the wind load and the mass of the overlying frames.

In height, the steel frames are installed directly on top of each other and fastened to the imposts with clamps, and to each other with screws. The gaps along the contour of the opening are filled with cement mortar. To combat corrosion, steel frames are painted with oil paint. The glass in the bindings is installed on red lead putty and secured with galvanized steel clamps.

Currently, in industrial buildings with panel walls, steel window panels are used instead of window sashes. By design, the panels consist of a box and bindings that fill the compartments of the box. Window panels are installed simultaneously with wall panels and have similar fastenings.

Aluminum bindings are becoming more common every year. Unlike steel bindings, they have less weight, are easy to process, do not corrode, and have a beautiful appearance. Aluminum bindings are assembled at the factory in two ways: with screws or by argon-arc welding. In the first assembly method, to improve the appearance of the finished products and reduce the risk of metal corrosion, the fasteners are made countersunk and the bolts are galvanized.

Of great importance for preserving finished aluminum bindings from mechanical damage are proper transportation and installation sequence, as well as preservation of mounted bindings during finishing work. For this purpose, aluminum frames are covered with a synthetic film, which is applied at the factory and removed upon completion of installation and finishing work.

Window sashes are lifted to their intended installation locations using small-sized construction cranes. Installation of bindings is carried out by a specialized team. Window sashes are installed using linings and wedges along the marks in the building opening. To control the correct installation of bindings, plumb lines and various measuring tools are used.

The bindings are fastened by welding the binding parts to the embedded parts of the building opening.

Wooden window frames are used in workshops with normal temperature and humidity conditions, as well as in administrative and domestic premises. In this case, the filling of window openings consists of wooden frames and frames. Currently, wooden fillings for window openings, as a rule, arrive at construction sites in the form of a finished (factory assembled) block. Wooden window blocks are made in two types: with external and internal opening of the sashes.

When filling window openings with wooden blocks, boxes of blocks are attached to the side slopes of the openings using anchors, ruffs or other types of fastenings installed every 1-2 m in height, but not less than two on each vertical side. The gaps between the box and the wall are caulked, and then covered outside and inside with strips nailed to the box. The maximum height of a window opening with wooden frames is taken to be 7.2 m.

Reinforced concrete window sashes are rarely used due to the complexity of the installation of sash parts in them. Therefore, such bindings are usually made solid (Fig. 129), with doors or windows made of steel or wood. To fasten reinforced concrete frames to the wall and to each other, a ledge is made in the outer edges of the frame frames. Due to the presence of a ledge, when installing spandrels and plaits in the openings between the sash and the wall, as well as between adjacent sashes, grooves are formed, which are sealed with cement mortar.

Glass in reinforced concrete frames is secured with metal strips (clasps) embedded in the concrete of the frames. The distance between the clamps is 150-300 mm.

Window sills of window openings of industrial buildings are located at a height of 1.2 m from the floor level. In order to protect the working area of ​​the workshop during ventilation during the cold season, the lower part of the window sashes is usually made blind. The casement parts of the window sashes are placed at a height of about 3 m from the floor level. In such cases, special lever devices are used to open the valves. To wash and replace glass in windows, special devices are used (rolling hanging cradles, bridges, ladders).

Window devices - hinges (hinges), latches, handles, latches, transom devices, stops, etc.

Of the window hinges, the most commonly used are detachable hinge hinges, consisting of two halves, one of which is attached to the window frame, and the other to the vertical bar of the sash. For hanging floating (thickened) sashes, special corner hinges are used, and for hanging vents, blind (one-piece) card hinges are used. Window handles come in different designs. Latches and brackets are replaced with a window latch, which, when the handle is turned, simultaneously secures or releases the upper and lower edges of the sash. To open transoms, a special transom device is used. To avoid glass breakage when opening window sashes, stops are attached to the outer sash trim.

Glass installation

First you need to decide on the size of the glass. Using a tape measure, measure the distance from groove to groove. The glass is cut 4 mm smaller than the resulting size. This is due to the fact that when temperature changes, wood expands or contracts. In the second case, the glass will simply burst.

How to cut glass

1. A sheet of glass is laid horizontally on a flat table.
2. Marking is being done
3. According to the markings, apply a ruler or a beam longer than the glass.
4. A glass cutter makes one cut.
5. Using a notched line, the glass is placed on the edge of the surface, then it is carefully broken.

Afterwards, the glass is cleaned with sandpaper, installed in the frame and secured with sealant and glazing beads.

Important . When cutting glass, you must follow safety regulations.

How to install double glazing

Level and clean the opening where the package will be installed.

When installing wooden double-glazed windows, do not use foam or nails.

Fastening is done with self-tapping screws at a distance of 70-80 mm.

To prevent the window from losing its characteristics and cracks from appearing, it is treated with a sealant.

Windows of industrial buildings

TKP 45-3.02-223-2010 (02250) Filling window and door openings. Design and device rules.

The shape, size and location of window openings in industrial buildings are selected on the basis of lighting calculations in order to ensure standard lighting for workers and the technological process.

When designing natural lighting for a building, a number of factors are taken into account: the purpose of the building, the characteristics of the microclimate of the premises, the climatic conditions of the construction area, etc.

Light openings are provided in the walls (natural side lighting) of the building in the form of separate windows or strips (one or more strips in height) and, if necessary, covering (top lighting through lanterns).

Windows must provide the necessary illumination, air exchange, thermal protection of the building, and be durable, strong and aesthetically pleasing.

In industrial one-story buildings, windows occupy a significant area in the enclosing wall structures, therefore, when assigning their sizes, economic factors must also be taken into account.

Continuous glazing is advisable for buildings with excessive heat generation, as well as for buildings with explosive industries.

Window structures are subject to both force and non-force impacts. Power loads include wind, snow, and installation loads. Non-force influences include: temperature and humidity deformations, noise, solar radiation, dust, precipitation, aggressive chemical impurities in the air, etc.

Glazing in windows can be single, double or triple.

The nominal dimensions of window openings in width and height are taken as multiples of 600 mm. The distance from the level of the finished floor of the building to the bottom of the opening is 1.2 m, 1.8 m or more. Filling of light openings is carried out with separate bindings or panels of complete factory readiness.

Based on material, windows are divided into: wooden, reinforced concrete and metal.

Metal windows with steel frames.

The frame of such windows consists of vertical imposts located every 1.5 - 2 m, which are welded to the embedded elements of the lintel panels. Blind frames or frames with opening transoms are bolted to the imposts: top, middle or bottom suspension.

Bindings are made from rolled profiles using welding. The rigidity of windows is provided by imposts and frames (corners around the perimeter). When the opening height is more than 8.4 m, wind crossbars from channels and corners are provided.

Windows with sashes made of paired pipes and bent profiles are used for rooms with dry and normal temperature and humidity conditions in the absence of aggressive environments; windows with frames made of single pipes - for rooms with a moderately aggressive environment.

To fill the windows, glass with a thickness of 4 mm and glued double-glazed windows with a thickness of 32 mm are used. Single glazing and double-glazed windows are attached to the sashes using rubber profiles.

Steel windows are also made from prefabricated steel panels. Window panels are connected to each other with steel strips and bolts, and to columns - similar to the connections of wall panels. The panels of the lower tier are installed on the base over a layer of cement-sand mortar. Vertical seams are covered with flashing, and horizontal seams are filled with mastic and covered with steel drains. Glass is secured to the frames with rubber profiles or aluminum beads

Openings made from frames and window panels made from paired thin-walled pipes have good technical and economic indicators. In such openings with a height of more than 3.6 m, wind crossbars are installed, which are attached to the frame columns or wall panels. The frames are attached to the embedded elements and wind crossbars every 1.5 m. The seams between the window panels are filled with rubber profiles, hernite cords, thiokol mastic and covered from the outside with an aluminum flashing (Fig. 1).

Fiberglass frames

The production of such frames is carried out from ultra-strong material – glass composite. The material consists of 70% glass, therefore, with temperature changes, the compression and expansion coefficients will be equal to the coefficients of double-glazed windows. This means that the design will work as a single unit:

• the tightness of the seams is not compromised;
• the service life of seals increases;
• the service life of the entire window is increased.

Note : Fiberglass windows are more expensive than plastic ones, but they are cheaper than wooden ones.

TYPES AND MAIN SIZES

1.1. The types and main dimensions of the panels must correspond to those indicated in the drawing. 1-4.

Solid panel with single glazing

1 - upper frame crossbar; 2 - lower frame crossbar; 3 — frame racks Damn. 1

An example of a designation for a blind panel with single glazing 1200 mm high:

Panel G-120 GOST 21096-75

Solid panel with double glazing

1 - upper frame crossbar; 2 - lower frame crossbar; 3 — frame racks; 4 - doors. Crap. 2

An example of a designation for a blind panel with double glazing 1200 mm high:

Panel DG-120 GOST 21096-75

Panel opening with single glazing

1 - upper frame crossbar; 2 - lower frame crossbar; 3 — frame racks; 4 - doors. Crap. 3

An example of a symbol for an opening panel with single glazing 1200 mm high:

Panel O-120 GOST 21096-75

Opening panel with double glazing

1 - upper frame crossbar; 2 - lower frame crossbar; 3 — frame racks; 4 – doors Chert. 4

An example of a symbol for an opening panel with double glazing 1200 mm high:

Panel DO-120 GOST 21096-75

Panel door opening width 1150 mm

An example of a symbol for an opening sash with a width of 1150 mm and a height of 1124 mm:

Sash S-112 GOST 21096-75

Panel door opening

An example of a symbol for an opening sash with a width of 450 mm and a height of 1124 mm:

Sash S-112 GOST 21096-75

Panel flap is blind

An example of a designation for a blind sash with a height of 1074 mm:

Sash SG-107 GOST 21096-75

1.2. The panels are divided into main ones - 1200 and 1800 mm high and additional panels - 1150 and 1750 mm high.

1.3. In window openings with a height of 1200 and 1800 mm, additional panels should be installed with heights of 1150 and 1750 mm, respectively.

1.4. When installing panels in window openings several rows high, the top row should consist of additional panels; panels with a height of 1200 or 1800 mm are installed in the lower rows.

Examples of installing panels in openings are given in the appendix.

1.5. The types and main dimensions of the opening and blind sashes of the panels must correspond to those indicated in the drawing. 5-7.

Wooden frames

There is a renewed demand for wooden windows made using new technologies with double frames. They are a box with two rows of doors. External doors are equipped with single or double-glazed windows, while single glass is installed inside. The distance between the two frames is 16-22 cm. The air between the two frames will act as an air cushion, which will retain heat and improve sound insulation.

Frames made from solid timber are environmentally friendly, but they do not tolerate humidity very well and are deformed under its influence. For the manufacture of wooden frames, three-layer laminated veneer lumber is more preferable, the different directions of the fibers of which eliminate any deformation.

Tip: There is no need to skimp on the price of double glazed windows. Thanks to such profiles, electricity and heating costs will be reduced and safety will be increased.

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Panels must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings of standard structures approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Materials for the manufacture of panel elements must correspond to those indicated in the table.

Upper frame transom

Channel 120 ´ 50 ´ 3 according to GOST 8278-83

Steel grade VSt3kp, category 4, finishing group IV according to GOST 16623-70

Lower frame transom

Channel 120 ´ 50 ´ 3 according to GOST 8278-83

2.3. For glazing of panels, window sheet glass with a thickness of 4 mm in accordance with GOST 111-78 should be used.

2.4. To seal the junction of the glass edges to the metal parts of the panels, use a rubber gasket that complies with TU 38.005.204-71.

2.5. The designs of opening devices must provide the ability to clean the glazing, as well as lubricate rubbing parts, make adjustments and repairs during operation without dismantling the panel.

2.6. The panel flaps must be opened from the premises (under conditions that ensure the protection of the premises), while the flaps should not open under the influence of external influences and wind loads.

2.7. Panels must be mounted with bolts. Electric welding when installing panels is not allowed.

2.8. The maximum deviations of panel sizes in mm are as follows:

along the length of the panel. ………………. ±5

according to the height of the panel. ……………..±2

between the axes of the frame struts...... ……±2

according to the width and height of the sashes. …. ±1

2.9. The perpendicularity tolerance of the panel posts and sash elements should not be more than 1 mm per 1 m of height.

2.10. The tolerance for straightness of elements should not be more than 1 mm over a length of 1 m and 2 mm over the entire length.

2.11. The flatness tolerance of the panels and its components should not be more than 3 mm over the entire length and no more than 1 mm over a length of 1 m.

2.12. Protection against corrosion of steel elements of panels and their opening devices should be carried out in accordance with Chapter SNiP II -28-73.

The specified protection must be carried out at the manufacturer's factory.

Note: Until 01/01/79, it was allowed to carry out at manufacturing plants only priming of steel elements of panels and their devices, followed by application of primer and layers of paint and varnish at the installation site.

Options for fireproof windows in a steel frame

The “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” (Federal Law No. 123), the main indicator of the degree of protection of a window structure in Table 24, determined the integrity of E, and also in Article 88, paragraph 8, indicated that windows in fire barriers should not be opened. The development of modified models with an electric drive that ensures self-closing of the sash in case of fire does not violate these provisions, since such a design corresponds to the further content of this paragraph. Windows with mechanical opening are also made, but at the responsibility of the customer. In any case, a certificate, passport and other documents necessary for delivery are issued for the product.

ACCEPTANCE RULES AND CONTROL METHODS

4.1. Acceptance and delivery of panels are carried out in batches. The batch must include panels of the same type, manufactured by the plant using the same technology from materials of the same quality, in quantities of no more than 200 pieces.

4.2. The consumer has the right to carry out a control random check of the compliance of the panels with the requirements of this standard, observing and applying the sampling procedure and methods of their control specified below.

4.3. For control check of linear dimensions (clauses 1.1, 2.8), shape (clauses 2.9, 2.10, 2.11) and protective coating of panels (clause 2.12), 10% of panels, but not less than 5 pieces, are selected from each batch.

4.4. The dimensions of the panels should be checked with metal tape measures of the 2nd accuracy class according to GOST 7502-80.

4.6. If the results of the panel inspection are unsatisfactory, a repeat inspection is carried out, for which a double number of panels are selected from the same batch. If, during re-checking, the samples do not meet the requirements of this standard, then the panels are accepted piece by piece.

LABELING, PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. The symbol of the panel must be applied on the outside of the uprights of each panel with indelible paint.

5.2. The manufacturer must accompany each supplied batch of panels with a passport, which must indicate:

a) name and address of the manufacturer;

b) name and symbol of the panels;

c) number and weight of panels;

d) date of manufacture;

e) designation of a series of working drawings and this standard.

5.3. The panels should be packaged in packs of 5 panels of the same type.

5.4. Lifting, loading and unloading of bundles must be carried out by a crane using special traverses and gripping devices.

Each bundle must be secured with wire at four corners.

The weight of the box (gross) should not exceed 50 kg.

5.6. Transportation of panels is allowed by any type of transport, provided they are protected from mechanical damage.

5.7. The panels should be stored on pads in an open area located in a flood-free area.

The components specified in clause 5.5 must be stored in packaged form under a canopy.

Metal-plastic frames

In terms of technical characteristics, metal-plastic products are not inferior to wooden ones, in some cases they even exceed them.

On a note . It is believed that the plastic frame must certainly be white. This is not true: the color of the structures is chosen at will.

Prices for VEKA plastic windows for industrial glazing

Glazing of industrial buildings and social facilities has its own specifics associated with mandatory compliance with operating and safety requirements. Our company is ready to provide industrial glazing at a high quality level, which fully meets all the requirements of the technical specifications, in accordance with the specifics of the facility and the facade of the building.

The following types of building structures are included in the number of buildings that are subject to glazing, falling under the definition of “industrial”:

• multi-storey buildings;
• business centers;
• office complexes;
• shopping and entertainment complexes;
• production facilities - warehouses, workshops, boiler rooms;
• community and sports centers;
• catering establishments;
• medical and educational institutions.

Cost of strip glazing for industrial buildings

Price: 2275 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 4820 per sq.m. Panoramic glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 2749 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 6350 per sq.m. Combined glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 2346 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 5060 per sq.m. Panoramic glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 2847 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 6910 per sq.m. Combined glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 2457 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 5410 per sq.m. Panoramic glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 3237 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 7800 per sq.m. Combined glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 2502 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 5900 per sq.m. Panoramic glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Price: 3847 rubles per sq.m.

Old price: 8150 per sq.m. Combined glazing. Window color inside and outside: white.

Advantages of ordering from PHOTOTECH

Our main achievement is affordable cost with the highest quality production.

The company is not limited to windows, we produce all types of fire-resistant structures - doors, partitions, etc., develop new glass formulas, manufacture frames ourselves from various materials, and carry out installation in full compliance with regulatory documents.

You can order from us the production and installation of the entire complex of structures for filling fire barriers.

Place an order through an application for calculation and other website services or call our office phone number.