Balcony blocks. Existing types and features of glazing

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Equipping a balcony or loggia is an important step in the improvement of an apartment or country house. Modern interior trends and technologies make it possible to combine the balcony space with the living room. This layout looks beautiful and unusual and, moreover, significantly expands the space of the room. However, for a comfortable stay in the room, you still need to organize some kind of protection between the space of the balcony and the space of the room or kitchen. Such protection often becomes a balcony block .

Balcony blocks are structures used to delimit the balcony area and the living area. The configuration, as a rule, is a single plane connecting the balcony window and the door. But modern designs can be made in several other variations. In its publication, the EconomyBalcon website will talk about the types of balcony blocks, in particular, design options, as well as how to choose and install the block correctly.

To change or not to change

Before dismantling the old window unit with a balcony door, make sure your intentions are firm. Is it really necessary to replace the balcony block? Sometimes the quality of old wooden products is an order of magnitude higher than their modern counterparts. If oak or larch were used as the material, their service life can be very long. Although, of course, this depends on the operating conditions of the balcony block.

For example, if the balcony is glazed and has high-quality waterproofing, and is also protected from temperature changes, the wood is preserved much better. It does not crack, rot or dry out. Then such a window and door balcony unit can simply be restored or given a new finish. The wooden balcony block is designed in such a way that it allows you to easily remove the sashes and remove the glass.

There are various ways to remove old paint. We recommend using a heat gun to soften the old finish. The peeling paint is removed with a steel brush, and then the wood is cleaned with sandpaper. Prepared frames can be painted or varnished. It is also worth replacing hinges, handles and other fittings. To exchange heat between the room and the balcony, you can install a fan in the window.

But if, after examining the old block, you realize that the game is not worth the candle, then you will have to change the balcony block to a new one. Dismantling of the old structure must be carried out carefully, dismantling all its parts to the ground. It is necessary to remove the sashes, frames, door frame and window sill, and get rid of the plaster from all sides of the opening to the main wall. If the wall is brick, the grooves of the window sill need to be cleaned using a chisel and hammer.

According to the design of the valves

From this it becomes clear that these components have a diverse structure. What does this include:

• Lightweight. This is a sash profile of a window block and a double-glazed window. There is nothing extra here.
• Double - the presence of two parts. The doors open and can then be assembled into a single stable structure.
• Separate. There are two components in this assembly, but they no longer have a connection. There are fittings that allow you to open in any direction.
• Separate-dual. These are the two options described above, collected in one design. One is installed from the inside, and the other from the outside. At the same time, the window unit becomes durable and multifunctional. This option is more expensive.

Balcony block design

In addition to the door and window, the design of the unit also includes other elements necessary for its installation and normal functioning. They are purchased or ordered separately, and to avoid problems during the installation process, it is better to prepare them in advance. These elements include:

• mounting plates;
• the so-called smoker's handle, which locks the door in a half-closed position;
• two window sills with plugs installed on both sides of the window;
• mosquito net and awnings for it.

How to choose depending on the material?

It is not necessary to take many factors into account. There are two main directions here:

• Window blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles. Simply put, these are plastic structures that are reliable and low cost. But they often say that such structures do not breathe and many began to switch to a wooden window block.
• Tree. This is a high-quality material, breathable and environmentally friendly. But it is expensive, quickly deforms and requires additional care during operation.

Today, many people prefer plastic window blocks, as they look beautiful and at the same time the price is low. At the same time, the range of designs is varied, and everyone can choose an individual design for their building.

Selection of balcony block material

Traditionally, three popular materials can be distinguished:

• metal-plastic;
• tree;
• aluminum.

The most common option is a plastic balcony block , photos of which perfectly illustrate its attractive appearance. It is durable, unpretentious and relatively affordable. Its only drawback is its “ignoble” origin, that is, the plastic itself is far from a natural material.

For eco-lovers, aluminum and wood . The aluminum profile looks great from the outside and allows you to increase the glazing area by using thinner frames. However, this metal has some problems with thermal insulation characteristics, and it is more expensive than PVC.

Wooden frames are a classic that never goes out of fashion. If previously almost everyone wanted to install plastic windows, now wooden ones are considered a sign of prosperity. They cost more than PVC, but are considered environmentally friendly and absolutely harmless.

Manufacturing and installation

PVC samples must be purchased from the manufacturer and then installed. But everyone can assemble wooden structures themselves. Although any of the options is not so simple - you need to have a little experience working with tools.

Can I install the window myself? There are simple recommendations that you can follow to achieve success. Don't miss a single point:

• A drawing is required. Create it yourself or find a ready-made version. This includes the frame profile and sash profile.
• According to available data, the structure is cut out and the profiles are processed.
• Next it's time for locking systems. They should be glued. Afterwards, the structure is combined into a single component. During the work process, you need to use the necessary tools (in particular, a building level).
• The glass is put in place and then secured with glazing beads.
• If necessary, the old structure is removed and the resulting window block is placed in its niche. Everything must be done carefully so as not to damage the opening.
• To make the structure last longer, experts recommend treating the wood with an antiseptic. After installation in the opening, you need to secure the element with wedges.
• The weight of the entire structure should be correctly calculated so that the window looks neat and you can open the transoms, if any.
• Next, permanent fixation is performed; if the house is wooden, then self-tapping screws are enough. But you will have to drive anchors into the concrete.
• Once again it is worth checking the installation for errors and irregularities. At the final stage, the sashes are fixed.

It turns out that the process of working with wood is not complicated in any way. But if a person does not have experience in construction, then it will definitely not be possible to create wooden blocks. In such a situation, you will have to purchase a ready-made structure. The sizes of window units sold can be different (usually 1460 x 1420 or 2100 x 1800 millimeters). Not so long ago, working with plastic windows, namely installing them yourself, was unacceptable, but today anyone can handle it.

Varieties

Modern blocks for balcony openings provide the consumer with a choice of the most convenient design solutions for various types of premises. Depending on the type of fittings used, doors can be:

• rotary;
• tilt and turn;
• sliding.

A classic swing door has pressure at only three points, while a modern tilt-and-turn door has five. In addition, it is equipped with a function for micro-ventilation of the room, which has the ability to depressurize the door in its upper part. The door can open both inside and outside the room.

The second option, as well as sliding systems, is recommended for small rooms in order to save their area and internal space. Differences in the types of filling of balcony doors allow the fullest use of the design potential for the aesthetic decoration of the room.

1. Classic . The opaque sandwich panel located in the lower part and the transparent upper structure of such a block will help to reliably protect the room from heat loss.
2. Balcony doors with transparent top and bottom are one of the classic type options. They will help you see the beauty of the interior decoration of a balcony or loggia.
3. French . Full glass filling of the door and windows, allowing a lot of light to enter the apartment. It will emphasize the modernity and originality of the room, especially with a new renovation. Consumers are attracted by the aesthetic appearance and the ability to visually combine the balcony with the room.
4. Portal . Modernized model of the French type. The sliding system has wide exits and provides a lot of light and fresh air. Unlike classic balcony blocks, French and portal ones do not have heating radiators under the window.

Choosing glazing for the balcony design

Balcony glazing is an important part in the design of an apartment. Stained glass with white frames looks expensive and attractive. Such a block can be decorated with wooden chairs, a round table and a small wardrobe in the corner of the balcony. Lightness of design and versatility are suitable for loggias and balconies of any size and shape, giving modern design a more aesthetic appearance.

Stained glass looks bright and unusual

Fits perfectly into a balcony with a light finish, as daylight and light colors create a cozy atmosphere. Wood floors or dark brown laminate look good against the background of white frames and light walls.

Completely filling the glass with stained glass significantly reduces the level of natural light in the room

Frameless glazing is a modern technology that optimizes space and lets in the maximum amount of daylight. Gives a panoramic view from the window. Can be complemented with a forged parapet in a light or contrasting color to add originality to the interior.

Tall trees outside the frameless loggia window

Frameless window sashes can slide and fold, allowing access to fresh air

Frameless glazing takes up little usable area of ​​the loggia, ensures safe operation thanks to polished boundaries, and improves the sound insulation of the room.

Which glazing is better to choose?

At sub-zero temperatures, the lower part of the double-glazed windows may fog up and even become covered with a small layer of ice. Therefore, it is recommended to install a balcony block of this type after moving the heating devices to the walls located in the immediate vicinity of the opening, and order double-glazed windows with a warm frame and filled with argon.

In rooms with high ceilings (Stalin-era houses, cottages) and a large balcony opening, the blocks can consist of two parts:

• the top one, made in the form of an opaque or glass blind, non-opening window block, or with a transom that makes it possible to ventilate the room;
• lower, consisting of two doors with opaque sandwich panels at the bottom and double-glazed windows at the top, or completely made of glass.

The design for a balcony package is, first of all, the organization of access to a balcony or loggia. Therefore, when glazing, you need to consider whether the balcony will be insulated in the future. The performance characteristics of the balcony block depend on this. With a glazed balcony, you can choose a three-chamber system that provides the appropriate level of comfort, thereby saving money.

In the case where glazing of the balcony is not planned, you will have to order a five-chamber system, and if you have sufficient funds, the most modern six-chamber unit.

Currently, the REHAU balcony block from a reliable German manufacturer is in greatest demand.

When the balcony is glazed, the flow of light into the room is limited, so when installing the block, they are guided by the principles of maximum light transmission:

• minimum number of glasses;
• single-chamber double-glazed window;
• maximum size of transparent elements.

In this case, solid glazing is suitable if it can be accessed from the outside. And at the bottom of the doors there is a refusal to install traditional sandwich panels.

Wooden windows: types of structures and characteristics

Architects V. Polkovnikova, I. Kulikovskaya Photo by K. Manko

“ROSTA Windows” In order to “adapt” wooden windows to modern thermal insulation requirements, they were equipped with double-glazed windows. In addition, other changes were made to the design

YUKKO Wooden structures:

a- window made of brushed oak; b- balcony door made of tinted larch

“Windows ROSTA” The bottom beam of the frame is made with a recess for low tide and window sill

Polonia The production of arched and round window blocks is very labor-intensive and is associated with a significant increase in the amount of waste, so such windows are 30-50% more expensive than conventional rectangular ones

Photo by K. Manko Wooden windows are in particular demand among those who build a country house from timber or logs. This is influenced by both the strength of tradition and the desire to do without artificial materials.

“EuroTiivi” With a separate design, the blind box can be strengthened on the outer leaf. It will cost much less than blinds built into a double-glazed window

“EuroTiivi” Photo by D. Minkin Window units with double-glazed windows and glass: a- with paired sashes (Swedish type); b- with connected separate doors (Finnish type)

Architect A. Deeva Photo G. Shablovsky A window block is not only a functional part of the fence, designed to fill the room with light, but also an interior item that should be combined with furniture, flooring, etc. Often, a window can not only fit organically into the environment, but also suggest the optimal planning solution Polonia Pressure fittings and two or three sealing contours ensure low air permeability of the window

Roto Frank For the parts of the locking mechanism (a) and hinge groups (b), grooves are milled in the wood, which guarantees high strength of fastening of the fittings

Architect-designer Z. Gundare Photo K. Manko Triangular and diamond-shaped square window blocks can enliven the pediment part of the facade and at the same time are an alternative to expensive dormer windows. Typically, triangular windows can be either pivoting or tilting

“Warm windows” An improved corner connection with a triple straight tenon has increased strength and eliminates the possibility of blowing through the joint. Swig-connection diagram: 1- flat dowel that protects the joint from blowing; 2-key made of polyamide

Rdupis

YUKKO Beam-splitting sockets are a traditional decoration for wooden windows WoodWork SVIG
Combined profile options:
a- with two lamellas made of pine and one made of mahogany; b- with thermal insert made of purenite

"Academy of Interior" Today there is a tendency to maximize the translucent part of the window. Still, windows made of high wooden profiles have a special charm

YUKKO YUKKO

WoodWork Aluminum trim can be in the form of a cast (a) or completely cover the box profile (b)

"EuroTiivi" Most companies offer painting of window blocks made of non-valuable coniferous wood with weather-resistant enamel in any color of the RAL palette

Architect I. Firsov Photo K. Manko Wooden windows perfectly match the country style

Winfin Plastic lining around the perimeter of the frame and sash allows you to install a wooden varnished window in a standard house without disturbing the unity of its architectural appearance. At the same time, they will not cost much more than painting the window blocks on both sides in different colors

Like in the legend

YUKKO

YUKKO During restoration and new construction, only wood gives architects the opportunity to follow styles such as Gothic. This is where precious tropical woods come into play, as well as ash and walnut; however, more often the bindings are still made from stained or artificially aged (brushed) oak. Stained glass looks especially impressive in heavy wooden frames. And although the listed materials are very expensive, and the production of such windows is very labor-intensive, they are sometimes ordered by owners of country houses, and not only elite ones. One or two similar windows in an architecturally isolated part of the building (for example, in a bay window) become the very highlight that makes the appearance of the house unique.

Characteristics of wooden windows*

Approximate prices for wooden windows

The editors thank the companies YUKKO, Honka, Polonia, Ru-dupis, Winfin, WoodWork, Academy of Interior, EuroTiivi, Okna ROSTA, Okna Hobbit, Warm Windows for their assistance in preparing the material.

Today in construction, the functionality of the product and the rationality of this or that engineering solution are at the forefront, so there is no need to talk about the strength of tradition. And yet, when it is possible to follow age-old canons and not sacrifice considerations of practicality, many of us are ready to put up with even an increase in financial costs.

According to manufacturing companies, currently wooden windows account for only 15-20% of the market. The main reason that wooden windows are inferior to products made from PVC profiles is their relatively high price, which is explained by both the high cost of raw materials and the greater complexity of manufacturing. In addition, in some respects, plastic windows are actually superior to wooden ones: they have slightly better thermal insulation properties and do not require maintenance of the paintwork. And yet, companies producing wooden windows do not lack customers. After all, wood is the material with which you can fall in love for life. And then he, as they say, will not be nice, but good. Wood provides manufacturers with more opportunities for creativity than plastic or aluminum: the height (apparent width) of profiles varies widely, with the help of shaped cutters you can decorate profiles and binding slabs with molded edges (shaped edges), and there are also restrictions when creating non-standard designs Hardly ever. It is not without reason that tenders for the restoration of architectural monuments are usually won by manufacturers of wooden windows, and many individual developers turn to them.

Variety of species

Windows are made from different types of wood - both coniferous (pine, spruce, fir, cedar, larch) and hardwood (oak, ash, various types of mahogany). At the same time, products made from inexpensive coniferous wood are in greatest demand. When describing the designs of modern wooden windows, some sellers use terms such as European, Swedish or Finnish type. Others, following GOST 23166-99 “Window blocks”, distinguish between windows with single, paired and separate sashes. It is easy to get confused in classifications based on “national” criteria, since it is not always clear what the seller means by this or that term—country of manufacture or design type. Therefore, we advise buyers in conversations with company representatives to use GOST definitions, which we will now explain.

Nationality

HonkaSome window designs are historically associated with a particular country. We will try to explain the most frequently used definitions, but we will immediately warn that the meaning put into them by the seller may be different. English type

- a window that opens by sliding the panel (frame with glass) vertically upward along the frame guides.
The German type
is what we used to call a “Euro-window” (single sashes, two or three contour seals, double-glazed windows), but sometimes this term refers to a window protected on the outside with aluminum linings.
Norwegian type
- a window with single sashes and double-glazed windows inserted not from the inside, but from the street side (design with external glazing beads).
Finnish type
- a window with separate sashes, usually connected to each other by sliding connectors.
French type
- a window starting from the floor and combined with a fully glazed door.
Swedish type
- a window with paired sashes: a double-glazed window is inserted into the inner one, and glass into the outer one.

Window blocks with single sashes (analogous to PVC windows) are most widely used these days. The doors are made from profiles whose width (the largest cross-sectional dimension between the front surfaces) is 68 or 78 mm (and sometimes 88 mm or more). In the first case, you can install a double-glazed window with a thickness of up to 36mm, in the second - up to 44mm. The design of the vestibule usually provides for two sealing circuits, but sometimes a third, middle circuit is also made. The paired design is also well known to everyone: these are the windows that were installed in mass-produced houses until the end of the 90s. XX century But their modern version has several differences: firstly, the vestibule has at least two sealing contours; secondly, the sashes are fastened not with screws, but with latches; thirdly, it is not sheet glass that is inserted into the inner sash, but a double-glazed window (most often single-chamber). With a separate design, both doors are independently suspended on hinges to the frame (the glazing principle is the same: the inner door is a double-glazed window, the outer door is single glass). The sashes can be connected to each other using sliding connectors - in this case, as with a paired design, only the inner sashes are equipped with locking fittings.

Which is better - single, separate or paired sashes? No specialist will give a definite answer to this question. Even ardent supporters of one or another scheme admit that the thermal insulation properties of windows with both separate and paired sashes (single-chamber double-glazed windows and glass), and with single sashes into which double-glazed windows are inserted, are approximately equal. The advantage of windows with double-glazed windows and glass is a wide (up to 175 mm) frame, which ensures high strength of the installation seam and protection against freezing of slopes. Such windows have increased sound insulation properties: different distances between the panes significantly reduce the resonance effect. In addition, blinds can be installed in the space between the doors, and even removable protective grilles in the case of a separate design. However, keep in mind that at least 2 times a year you will have to wash not two, but four surfaces. If there is a significant difference in the temperatures of the external and internal air, fogging of the glass installed in the external sash is possible. Finally, windows of a separate design can only be equipped with rotary fittings.

Windows for a summer residence

“ABS-Stroy” Windows of the old design, designed for the use of sheet glass (to distinguish them from new windows, manufacturers began to call the first joinery), are still in demand, mainly among those who are building a “budget” country house. Such windows are produced by some old woodworking factories, and also by small workshops that do not have modern equipment. As a rule, windows are made from solid coniferous trees and equipped with the simplest fittings, and they are usually painted and glassed by the developer himself. Prices for such window blocks range from 1000-1500 rubles. for 1m2. When choosing windows in a store, make sure that the wood has a radial cut (the grain pattern is not clearly expressed, and their direction is strictly longitudinal), is well dried and free of serious defects: large knots, cracks, fungal damage, as well as areas with a loose core.

Secrets coated with varnish

As soon as the first samples of wooden “Euro-windows” appeared on the Russian market, the owners of small carpentry shops decided to start producing similar products. The implementation of this project promised considerable profits, since demand was many times greater than supply and prices for imported wooden windows were simply astronomical. Alas, without modern equipment and with insufficient qualifications of the craftsmen, attempts to make wooden “Euro-windows” ended in failure.

A modern wooden window is a technologically complex product. The cycle of its production includes drying lumber in a drying chamber (wood humidity should be within 10-14%), removing defects, gluing timber - splicing lamellas into micro-tenons along the length and setting them onto a smooth joint in thickness (the length of the slats depends on the type of wood and varies in a wide range of 40-1500mm, and the thickness is usually 22-30mm), its calibration and profiling, assembly of frames and sashes, their puttying and sanding, painting and, finally, installation of fittings and double-glazed windows. Currently, the Russian market offers products from Baltic Trust, European Windows, Okna ROSTa, Hobbit Windows, Northern Windows, YuKKO (all Russia), EuroTiivi, Petro-Domus (both - Russia - Finland), Alavus, Domus, Lammin Ikkuna, Profin, Tiivi (all Finland), Fenestra (Finland - Estonia), SPFnster, Joinex (both Sweden), Lapeyre (France), Capoferri, Finestre (both Italy ), Urzedowski (Poland), Rdupis (Lithuania), Strobel (Germany), Gaulhofer (Germany-Austria), etc. At the same time, products from domestic manufacturers clearly predominate. Western companies own large factories and carry out a full production cycle, some from timber harvesting to the production of double-glazed windows. Among Russian enterprises, some glue and profile timber themselves (Bavarian House, Okna Master, YuKKO, etc.), but there are also those who work with ready-made profiles, mostly domestically produced. Double-glazed windows, as a rule, are ordered from specialized factories (with the exception of YuKKO and some others, which have their own lines for the production of double-glazed windows).

Air!

All types of modern windows provide a very high degree of room tightness. With slot ventilation (tilting the sash or opening it slightly with a limiter in place), the flow of cold air in winter is still too intense. Built-in ventilation valves have proven themselves well, guaranteeing a strictly dosed supply (the system is automatically regulated) of street air. Although ventilation valves were originally developed for plastic windows, today they are increasingly being equipped with wooden windows. As for split-structure windows, Tiivi engineers have created a slightly different system for them, which can only be equipped with a window at the factory. The principle of its operation is as follows: street air enters through air intake holes, milled in the side bars of the window frame, into the space between the glass and the double-glazed window, where it heats up slightly. Then, through a valve built into the top beam of the box and equipped with a mesh filter, the air passes into the room.

Most manufacturers of single-frame windows use profiles made of three-layer laminated veneer lumber for frames and sashes. This gluing method allows you to achieve stability of the geometry of the parts. The Alavus, Domus and SPF.о.nster factories work with carefully dried and selected solid wood (mainly northern pine), removing defects and splicing the bars along their length.

Unfortunately, we have to admit that innovations in the production of wooden windows, which make it possible to improve the quality of finished products or reduce their cost, belong to foreign companies. Much of this new development concerns window profile design. In particular, Profin was the first to create a wooden profile system for outward-opening windows. The Urzedowski plant has patented the production of five- and six-layer timber, two lamellas of which are glued to the side ends of the “pie” - this scheme significantly increases the ability of the profiles to withstand bending loads. A combined four-layer laminated veneer lumber with two internal spruce lamellas and two external (5-15 mm thick) oak lamellas or three spruce lamellas and an oak lamella on the room side, first used by Joinex, can significantly reduce the cost of windows, while increasing their thermal insulation properties.

Legitimate question

Many potential buyers are concerned about the question: is it possible to replace a double-glazed window in a wooden window if it accidentally breaks or other troubles occur to it, for example, depressurization? (This is quite rare, but it still happens; alas, a certain percentage of defective products undergo even the strictest control at large enterprises.) Well, this concern is completely justified. It is much more difficult to replace a double-glazed window in a wooden window than in a plastic one, since it is usually glued into the sash with silicone sealant, the bead is firmly attached to the sash with pins, and often also glued. As a rule, it is not possible to remove a double-glazed window without damaging the bead. If the window is domestic, then by contacting the company that sold you the windows, you can solve the problem in 1-2 weeks: a double-glazed window of the required size and glazing beads of the appropriate color will be made on the basis of technical documentation. If the window is imported, of course, the supplier company will not refuse to help you. But, since all components are delivered from the manufacturer, you will have to wait at least 2 months. Such a long wait usually does not suit clients, and they have to contact a Russian company, which will deliver and install a new double-glazed window, trying to match the glazing beads by color.

Among the Russian know-how are profiles made from heat-treated wood, practically not subject to rotting and warping (YUKKO), as well as a three-lamella profile patented by the SVIG Corporation with an inner layer of hard polyurethane foam. The same company was one of the first to propose veneering a pine profile with valuable wood veneer. Finally, she owns a patent for an original corner connection with cutting profiles at an angle of 45 and fastening them with a polyamide key in the form of a double dovetail. According to some experts, a design with a miter joint has the best consumer qualities, since the ends of the profiles are reliably protected from moisture. Note, however, that wetting the ends of the frame profiles with a tenon connection is possible only when the window installation was carried out in violation of the technology (the installation seam was not made correctly).

Tree Defenders

The durability of wooden windows largely depends on the quality of finishing, and their relatively high price is not least associated with the large expenditure of time and manual labor for this operation. Leading manufacturing companies use paint and varnish products from such world-famous companies as Akzo Nobel (Netherlands), Teknos, Tikkurila (both Finland), Rhenocoll Werk, Zobel Chemic (both Germany), and coat their products with consistently different compositions: foam filler , primer and finishing varnishes (tinted or clear) or enamels. As a rule, window manufacturers use a system of putties, protective and protective-decorative compounds produced under one brand; of these, the most popular in Russia are Zowosan (Zobel Chemic), Rhenocoll (Rhenocoll Werk). Finnish companies impregnate window profiles with an antiseptic under vacuum conditions; the protective composition penetrates deeply (1.5-2 mm) into the pores of the wood and protects it from fungal attack even if the coating is damaged. Unfortunately, Russian manufacturers do not yet have such equipment.

Even modern varnishes and paints are able to protect wood products from atmospheric influences only for a relatively short time (3-7 years). Windows facing the south side, as well as those facing major highways, are especially affected (interaction with carbon monoxide - CO - leads to the oxidative destruction of polymers, which are the basis of most modern varnishes and paints). Therefore, manufacturers recommend applying a layer of polish to the paint once every 2 years in the city, and once every 3-4 years outside the city, and then the service life of the coating will increase to 20-25 years. Such polishes are included in painting systems and are always available from manufacturers of wooden windows.

In recent years, polymer laminating films have been tried to protect wooden frames and sashes from atmospheric influences. Perhaps this technology will make life much easier for window owners, but it’s worth waiting until it passes the test of time.

The best way to protect surfaces facing the street is decorative profiles made of aluminum alloys or plastic. Most often, the lower profile of the window frame is covered with an overlay. In more expensive models, the frame and sash are completely finished with similar profiles around the perimeter (for some Finnish windows, the outer sash is made entirely of aluminum, but such a window is already a combined type). As a rule, the linings are attached to the wood using holders made of polyamide or hard PVC, or they are inserted into the groove of the sash profile. In the first case, there is a small gap (10-15mm) between the linings and the wooden surface, which allows excess moisture accumulated in the window profiles to be released to the atmospheric air; in the second, they are adjacent to each other. Since plastic has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than wood, when used, the design of the holders allows for free movement of the protective and decorative profile. Almost all major manufacturers equip their products with protective and decorative profiles. Solid aluminum cladding increases the cost of a window by 40-60%, and plastic cladding by 20-30%.

YUKKO Hinges (a, d) are made of corrosion-resistant alloys, and their axes are made of composites that have a minimum coefficient of friction with the metal; handles of windows and balcony doors (b, c) are made of stainless steel, brass, anodized aluminum

Prices, terms, guarantees

The price of a window is influenced by many factors. Let's try to list the most important of them: country of origin (imported windows cost 1.5-2 times more expensive than domestic ones); type of wood (pine windows are 1.8-2.4 times cheaper than oak windows and 1.3-1.5 times cheaper than larch windows); method of gluing lamellas (with external lamellas spliced ​​along the length, the window will be 15-20% cheaper); design (windows with separate and paired sashes are 10-25% more expensive than with single sashes); type of fittings and glass; window size (usually 1m2 of windows of standard sizes - for example 14601170, 14701460, 20701460mm - is 20-40% cheaper than windows made to customer sizes; this also applies to products of foreign enterprises, but they have different standards, and window dimensions are not correspond to the size of openings in our standard houses; for a window with an area of ​​less than 1 m2 you will almost always have to pay the full cost of 1 m2); order volume and production time (for a large order you can get a discount of up to 15%, for an urgent order you will pay an additional 20%, and if you agree to wait, you can save).

If you have chosen a supplier of imported windows, it will take approximately 3 months from the surveyor’s visit to the delivery of the finished set. Domestic companies will fulfill the order faster - in 3-8 weeks.

Most companies provide a comprehensive guarantee: on the design of the product, fittings, paintwork, installation, possible damage to the double-glazed window due to beading). The warranty period for domestically produced windows is usually 3 years. Representatives of foreign manufacturers give a 5-year guarantee, but only on the condition that the windows were installed by their craftsmen.

To summarize, we note that, according to experts, the share of wooden windows in our market will gradually increase. And this is quite understandable: we do not yet experience a shortage of material, and the array has always had enough loyal supporters. So let’s say out loud: “Not today or tomorrow, modern wooden windows will be available to everyone,” and let’s knock on wood.

Typical dimensions of balcony blocks

Before installation, you need to determine the dimensions of the balcony block. In most cases, they are standard not only for your region, but throughout the country. But before you go to order a window, you still need to take measurements. The standard dimensions of a typical balcony block will be as follows.

Window width - 1200 mm; height - 1400 mm. Door width - 700 mm; height - 2100 mm. If the sizes are standard, then the purchase will cost you less and delivery will be faster.

Pros and cons of glazing

A list of advantages can be compiled based on user reviews and recommendations from manufacturers of plastic structures:

1. Low thermal conductivity. No additional equipment is required to maintain a comfortable microclimate.
2. High noise insulation. This makes it possible to organize a full-fledged living room or office on the balcony.
3. Resistant to moisture and corrosion. As a result, mold does not form on the windows.
4. Long service life. This also applies to fittings.
5. Large range of models to choose from.
6. Speed ​​of work. Even self-installation will not take much time.

The disadvantages are the need for effective ventilation of the room and the possibility of destruction of the base if the weight of the structure is incorrectly calculated.

How to take a measurement

When you already know which balcony block is best to install, before ordering it, you need to accurately measure the opening. If you have already decided on a manufacturer, check with its representative to see if they send a surveyor. Most manufacturers of PVC products provide a free measurement service. The problem may arise if your home is very far away. Then in some cases they ask you to prepay the order, which can cause difficulties if for some reason you change your mind.

For example, if the size of your balcony is non-standard, the cost of manufacturing the block may turn out to be significantly higher than what you expected. In this case, the prepayment you made is unlikely to be returned to you. The best option is when the measurement is done free of charge and upon completion the customer is given a full price list of the required services with the final price. Using this scheme, you can call several measurers from different companies and then choose the cheapest, but at the same time professional, among them. You can easily understand this by comparing the actions of the measurers.

If you take measurements yourself, try to make them with maximum accuracy. The opening must be carefully prepared and cleaned up to the main wall, including the place where the window sill was. All vertical and horizontal surfaces should be leveled using a building level. The angles between them should not deviate from the perpendicular. In case of deviations, all irregularities are smoothed out using cement-sand mortar. All measurements must be put on the sketch, leaving a margin of 10 mm for anchors. Since the block is firmly attached on three sides, this will be quite enough.

The width of the window should be marked separately from the width of the door. The method of opening all parts is indicated in the figure with special signs, showing which mechanism is installed - swing, tilt, double or a blind window without a mechanism, and the opening direction is also indicated. If you don't make the necessary marks, you risk getting a completely different block than you expected. If you are concerned about the issue of air exchange between the balcony and the room, discuss with the manufacturer the presence and number of air valves. Check whether the delivery package includes a stand profile to which the window sill and ebb are attached, as well as the window sill itself and the threshold. Make any necessary notes on the sketch as you see fit. Specify the material of the lower part of the door - sandwich panel or glass.

Device

Before you begin, it’s worth understanding what a window block consists of:

• Frame. It is located around the entire perimeter. Acts as the frame of the structure.
• Doors. They are fixed at the base. There may be different numbers of them.
• Availability of accessories. This is everything that allows you to make the design comfortable - handles, hinges. It is thanks to them that the room is ventilated. But a lot depends on what kind of glass is installed.
• Impost. This is already a reinforcing structure. Thanks to it, even with the doors open, the upper part will be stable.
• Double-glazed windows. Through them you can clearly see the outside world and receive the sun's rays, but at the same time the design provides maximum protection. When the overall structure faces south, additional darkening of the entire surface may be required. This will prevent the sun's rays from spoiling the overall stay indoors.
• Glazing beads. These are small strips that allow you to hold double-glazed windows in place.

This is the main thing that is present in the design of each window. In addition to this, there are also slopes and window sills, but they are not always installed. Today, such a definition as a window unit can be found in technical documents. When choosing a design you need to consider:

• What coverage options are allowed?
• Performance characteristics of glass.
• Hardware strength level.
• Method for determining heat transfer resistance.
• Sound insulation level.
• Light transmittance.

In addition to this data, you can also find out the size indicators acceptable according to GOST. It's easy to get useful information from official documentation like this. The sources can be any - their status matters. So finding answers to every question will not be a problem.

Dismantling the balcony block

Quite often, to increase the area of ​​the room, the balcony block is completely destroyed. This operation carries the risk of damaging the supporting structure and therefore requires special permits. If you have all the permitting documents, then you can begin dismantling. To do this you need to know some rules.

1. You cannot move a battery installed in a window sill to the balcony. Otherwise, this will increase the load on the entire heating system of the house, which can lead to dire consequences.
2. After you have dismantled the balcony block, try not to completely connect the housing and the balcony. Install sliding doors or partitions between them.
3. You cannot disassemble the top of the balcony wall and increase the width of the opening.

Advantages

Block is a structural prefabricated element or product, usually factory-made, used in modern industrial construction.

Nowadays, PVC balcony blocks are clearly popular, because... Modern metal-plastic window and door systems have a number of advantageous advantages:

• Durability – a PVC balcony block with high-quality installation will last for decades;
• Sound insulation and dust resistance - helps solve a particularly “painful” issue for residents of large cities with a lot of transport, where noise and dust from busy streets bring quite a lot of trouble;
• Tightness - due to a more precise connection of the surfaces of the structure, the block practically does not allow dampness and cold to pass through, therefore, unlike its wooden counterpart, it does not require insulation;
• There is no need for frequent repairs and painting - metal-plastic does not deform due to temperature changes, is resistant to fading in the sun and remains “in shape” in any weather conditions (does not swell from rain and snow, does not crack from the sun);
• Safety – PVC blocks have special protective devices that prevent them from swinging open during ventilation or additional “locking” elements from possible opening of the door by children.

If we add to the above that PVC systems are completely environmentally friendly and incredibly aesthetic, then it will become clear why most homeowners want to replace a wooden balcony block with a metal-plastic one.

Installation of a balcony block

Installing or replacing a block begins with marking the mounting locations on the frames and walls. Fastenings are made with self-tapping screws. 0.2 m is removed from the edges, where 2 screws will be placed, and 2 more between them. Thus, there will be 4 fasteners on each wall. Anchors with a thickness of 2 mm and wedges are used as fastening elements.

The first step is to install the door. Its frame is secured to anchors and leveled by knocking in plastic wedges. A hammer and screwdriver are used for this. After checking for distortions, the structure is finally attached to the walls with self-tapping screws. The window frame is installed in the same way. Then the canvas and fittings are fixed, and the operation of the mechanisms is checked. Double-glazed windows are inserted into the frame and fixed with glazing beads, after which the latter are hammered in using a rubber hammer.

The final stage is the installation of window sills. As you know, there are two of them: on the side of the balcony and on the side of the room. They are not always included with the balcony block, so when purchasing, it is important to choose the right size yourself. According to the standards, the window sill cannot cover the heating battery by more than 1/3, so as not to disrupt the normal circulation of heated air.

Installation of the window sill begins with adjusting its dimensions, after which it is pressed against the groove shelf of the metal-plastic profile. Next you need to level it. In order for the plate to take the desired position, foam is placed under it, and slats are installed to fix it in the desired position. It is pressed from above with a uniformly distributed load. Polyurethane foam is blown into the resulting gap and left until completely hardened. The cracks around the entire perimeter of the block are also filled with foam. Next comes the finishing of the slopes, which it is advisable not to put off for long.

Installing a balcony block is labor-intensive and quite complicated, but for those who decide to do it themselves, it is quite possible. An important point in this regard is the study of the regulatory framework. Documents defining what a window unit with a balcony door should be like - GOST 11214-86 and GOST 23166-99. They contain a list of all requirements for the design of balcony blocks, their types, markings and standard dimensions. It is also indicated here that the standard sizes of windows depend not only on the size of the opening, but also on their type and the material from which they are made. In these standards you can find the values ​​of standard sizes of windows and openings, determined by their height and width.

Installing a balcony block with your own hands, a video of the process of which will allow you to clearly get acquainted with the technology, is quite possible for everyone. Master classes provide an opportunity to assess in advance the scope of work and its complexity, and also show step-by-step installation instructions. Such preparation will certainly simplify installation and reduce the risk of errors during operation.

Ventilation

Since an exhaust fan cannot be inserted into a plastic window, you have to ventilate the room by opening the sash or door, depriving yourself of protection from noise. Instead, you can use ventilation valves that provide constant air exchange without creating drafts. Their installation must be discussed in advance with the manufacturer of the plastic block. Having found out the dimensions of the balcony windows and received the finished window, you can begin installing the block yourself.

How to replace cold glazing with warm one, read our article “On methods of replacing cold glazing with warm one.” Do you want to make a remote balcony? Read about it on our website using the link.

Look at examples and photos of external glazing, as well as prices for it, in our article “Features and examples of external glazing for balconies”.

How much does a balcony block cost?

The price will depend on several parameters. First of all, you need to decide on the profile material, window type and opening mechanism. Of course, you also need to take into account the size of the balcony block, but now we will talk about a standard typical block, consisting of a door with one rotating window sash. We would like to say right away that we are giving you an average price range in Moscow so that you can simply understand what amount you should generally focus on. In the provinces, as a rule, the cost is slightly cheaper, although prices can vary significantly between different companies. So, the average cost of a balcony block is 65,000 rubles. The question remains: how much does it cost to install a balcony block if you decide to order it? Then you will have to pay about 10,000 rubles in addition to the stated amount. But many companies include in this amount the window sill, ebb, slopes and sometimes a mosquito net.

Often, manufacturing companies keep in stock a certain selection of already assembled balcony blocks with standard sizes that fit into apartments with standard designs. If you are lucky and you find a block that suits your size, you will save some money, because such products are usually cheaper. When buying a ready-made plastic balcony block, make sure that it is complete . Take measurements of the opening and the block itself, taking into account the false profile. When taking measurements, do not forget to leave a margin for the anchor plates. Having completed all the above points, made the necessary measurements and clarifications, you can order the selected balcony block.

Kinds

According to the relative position of the balcony door with the window, there are three main design options when:

• The door is located to the right of the window;
• The door is to the left of the window;
• The door is located between two windows.

Both window and door sashes can be hinged, hinged, or perform both functions. In some cases, combinations with a blind window are used - this depends on the preferences of the owner.

According to the features of application, four groups of balcony blocks can be distinguished:

1. Standard – the most used option, convenient and quite budget-friendly. As a rule, plastic windows in this design are made with supply valves built into the glass unit, which allows you to regulate the air supply. A hinged door leaf is often used. The lower part of the door leaf can be made of either a plastic sandwich or a double-glazed window;
2. Stalinsky - installed in old buildings with small balconies, which, due to their “age,” do not withstand glazing, so these systems have a distinctive feature of a narrow door and the absence of blind windows;
3. For an insulated balcony , it usually has two windows: one solid, the other tilt-and-turn. The door also has swinging and tilting functions;
4. A French window instead of a balcony block (glazing) - performed in private construction or in a new building. It is absolutely not suitable for standard high-rise buildings and panel houses due to the design features of load-bearing walls.

Based on the material used, blocks are made from aluminum or PVC profiles and from modified wood. Aluminum profiles are more expensive, and also unsuitable for open balconies due to high heat transfer.

As for modified wood, this option is suitable for a specific interior, but in certain properties it will be inferior to plastic, including in terms of cost.

Step-by-step installation instructions

To begin with, all the preparatory work is done. Remove old parts and components, remove the wooden frame. The work area is cleared of foam residues, construction debris and dust.

In order for the installation of the block to be of higher quality and accuracy, the old window opening needs to be prepared, namely, leveled. To do this, you need to use plaster or putty to achieve a perfectly flat surface for installation.

Before installing the structure, remove the packaging film from it, then proceed according to the following algorithm :

1. The sashes are detached from the frame cloth. To do this, remove the window sash - remove the rod from the hinge, open the lock, turn the sash and remove it from the second hinge.
2. If there is solid glass in the window, then remove the glass unit. To do this, use a knife to carefully press out the linings that secure the glass. Then remove the glass unit. All the same procedures are carried out with the door.
3. Preparation of the frame - at this stage, parts for the mosquito net and a special tape that acts as waterproofing are secured.
4. Holes to fit the size of the dowels are drilled around the perimeter of the frame. The box and frame at the points of contact are blown with foam.
5. The prepared block is inserted into the opening.
6. The structure is leveled horizontally and vertically.
7. The frame is fixed using fasteners by drilling holes in the opening.

Finally, if necessary, install window sills.

Balcony facing the sunny side

A south-facing balcony requires protection from direct sunlight entering the home. This solution prevents overheating of the room. We recommend choosing special solar-protective double-glazed windows. They help control a comfortable indoor temperature, and also protect furniture, walls and floors from overheating and fading during warm seasons.

Balcony facing the sunny side

Open balcony

Such a balcony structure must have heat and sound insulation characteristics. NOVIKON specialists recommend using five-chamber air profile systems. Double-glazed windows should be chosen exclusively from two chambers.

Open balcony

Please note that the interglazed space of the glass unit must be filled with inert gas. It reduces heat loss from housing. The number of energy-saving coatings for a double-glazed window depends on your budget. It is recommended to use energy packages with one or two coatings, no more.

Difficulties and errors

There are several nuances and difficulties when installing such a structure. For example :

1. 
   The most common thing is incorrect measurements, but here you can call a specialist and the problem will be solved.

2. The second error is block skew. If the window and door are not aligned in the same plane, then there will definitely be a misalignment. The result is deformation of the block, its depressurization and further unsuitability.
3. Another mistake is a violation of the sequence of installation of elements. It is very important to follow the installation procedure according to the instructions and not to rush.

It is also worth considering several factors that may affect the final result of the installation. An apartment may have different thicknesses of walls at the opening, the walls may be uneven - all this leads to poor-quality installation.