Double-leaf plastic window: description, photo, dimensions of standard PVC structures, price, types, where can be installed, installation features

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MesterulManole September 24, 2016Specialization: many years of experience in finishing works of residential and office premises, dachas, country cottages, etc. Hobby: cycling in all its forms

Standard double-glazed window - one sash is fixed and the other is rotary

Greetings. Today I’ll tell you about the standard sizes of single-leaf, double-leaf and three-leaf windows . You will also learn why these particular sizes are used and not others.

I hope that the topic of this article will be of interest to both owners of living space in apartment buildings and owners of country houses. The fact is that the standards regulating the dimensions of glazing are designed to ensure the comfort of living indoors, and in addition guarantee the strength, reliability and durability of the window structure.

General description and photo

A structure is called double-leaf if it consists of two doors. This product is divided into two light openings. Any of these openings can be static-blind or movable-functional. In other words, the sashes can have any mechanical characteristics.

The photo shows PVC windows with two sashes:

Characteristics

All 2 casement windows that can be found on the market differ in the following technical characteristics :

The area of fixed double-leaf windows is up to 7 – 8 m2.
The area of a window block with 2 movable sashes is up to 4.8 - 5.0 m2.
Noise insulation – from 42 dB and above.
Thermal conductivity of a double-glazed window is from 0.69 W/mOS.
The thickness of the PVC profile is from 50 mm or more for a warm contour, from 25 mm for a cold contour.
The window can be equipped with a U-shaped steel profile.
The thickness of the outer wall of the PVC frame is from 2.1 mm.
The number of cameras in a double-glazed window is 1 or 2.
The thickness of the glass is at least 4 mm.
The thickness of the air gap between the glasses in a double-glazed window is 10 – 16 mm.

Important. It is recommended to buy only certified goods, the quality of which is confirmed by a state-issued document.

Varieties

Products differ in many ways. This makes it possible to select a design that meets all customer requirements.

By design

Main types:

Blind product .
In this model, both doors do not open. The main advantage of such structures is their low cost. In the absence of rotating parts, there is a noticeable saving on fittings. All well-known manufacturers of double-leaf structures have a fixed window option.
The disadvantage is that they are difficult to maintain from the street side, so they are often installed on the first floors.
With one opening door . In this case, of the two doors, one is solid and the other is movable. It can open in different ways.
With two opening doors .
This model has two rotating (movable) doors. The design may differ in design features. One option is equipped with an impost, the second with a headstock. An impost is a plank that divides the opening into two parts. The part strengthens the entire structure and makes it possible to open the doors independently of each other. Minus - the level of illumination in the rooms decreases. A shtulp is a locking fitting. It is attached to the movable doors, so opening them separately becomes impossible. The option is very good for getting a panoramic view.
With transom .
A modern alternative to window vent structures. This is a flap that can be placed at the top or bottom of the product, depending on the nuances of the room’s use. Allows you to ventilate the room without drafts. The advantage of the design is functionality, the disadvantages are that it reduces illumination and is not cheap. Most often, this option is used in rooms where periodic ventilation is required without fully opening the sash.

Products with moving parts are divided according to the type of opening.

Type of sash opening

There are several types of products that differ in the way the sash is opened:

Rotary . This is a double-hung window in which the sash opens by swinging outward or inward. Pros: convenience, reasonable price, simplicity of design. Disadvantages - limited space indoors, difficulties with decorating the window sill.
Swivel and tilt . Such models can not only be opened, but also opened for ventilation. The design is considered compact and convenient, the windows are safer. Most often used in the personal room, bedroom office and kitchen.
Folding . The window does not take up much space, because the sash only opens, but does not swing open. An excellent option for small rooms. Among the disadvantages is the difficulty of maintenance due to limited access to the surface from the street.
Sliding . In this model, the sash opens by moving along the horizontal axis. This type of glazing is beneficial for small rooms, balconies, loggias. It saves space, so it is in great demand. However, it does not allow the ventilation mode to be performed.

Blind structures are not practical. Their installation requires the presence of a high-quality ventilation system in the room and always another window with an opening sash.

In addition to differences in the opening method, double-hung windows differ in the structure of the glass unit.

Type of glass unit

The double-glazed window is installed in the profile of a double-leaf model and consists of glass and a special substance between them that prevents fogging. The system may contain a different number of glasses:

Single-chamber .
This is a package with one camera, consists of two glasses with filler between them. It is considered the cheapest and easiest option, but cold. Used in utility rooms or in regions with warm climates. It has high light transmittance and is often installed in rooms on the north side. often placed in a blind sash.
It is easy to install. Another disadvantage, besides the cold, is low sound insulation, so you should not install a single-chamber package in windows near noisy highways.
Two-chamber .
Consists of two chambers and three glasses. The distance between them is determined by the type of profile and the required level of protection from noise and cold. It is recommended to buyers as the ideal combination of low cost and a good level of protection against cold penetration. Pros: high performance characteristics at low cost, the ability to make windows of different configurations, high light transmittance.
Three-chamber . Consists of four glasses and three air chambers. Rarely used due to the heavy weight of the structure, high cost and complexity of installation. Pros - provides the most comfortable living, has excellent sound insulation characteristics and protection from the penetration of cold.

The more chambers in a double-glazed window, the better its protective properties.

Profile type

Window profiles are divided into classes according to wall thickness :

The minimum thickness of the outer wall of class A profile is 2.8 mm, the inner wall is 2.5 mm. These are optimal indicators for residential premises. The profile provides the best insulation.
The minimum thickness of the outer wall of class B profile is 2.5 mm, the inner wall is 2 mm. Such products are more susceptible to deformation and provide less protection against heat loss. Most often they are installed in public institutions and retail outlets.

Class C has no standardized thickness.

Another profile parameter is frame shape . It depends on the size of the window. Eat:

L-shape. In this case, the reinforcement is laid along two walls and is suitable for small windows.
U-shape. It reinforces the three walls of the profile and is suitable for structures up to 1.9 m high.
Closed. Here the reinforcement is located along four planes and gives the profile maximum rigidity. The product is suitable for glazing panoramic balconies, loggias, and large rooms.

In addition to these parameters, the profiles of different manufacturers differ :

REHAU;
KBE;
VEKA;
Salamander;
Gealan.

Offers from well-known companies take into account all the wishes of users.

Window shape

The most common and convenient window shape is rectangular . Such products are called standard. The second popular configuration is a square. But often the frame has a non-standard shape. It depends on the interior of the room and the wishes of the customer.

Double-hung windows are round (bathroom porthole windows), triangular (in buildings with a peaked roof), arched (public and religious buildings), and trapezoidal. The production of such configurations is made to order.

Double-leaf window - fixed + tilt-and-turn

In such windows, one sash is solid, and the second is tilt-and-turn, which allows you to ventilate the room or open the sash completely.

Dimensions:

1400 x 1400

Description:

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Characteristics and dimensions of standard PVC frames

The parameters and characteristics of plastic products are standardized by GOST 30674-99:

window sash width;
height;
window opening width;
height.

It is always possible to make a model with the required dimensions. However, there are standard parameters for buildings :

old buildings - 1150 mm x 1900 mm;
“Stalinka” - 1150 mm x 1950 mm;
Khrushchev - 1280 mm x 1340 mm.

In new houses, you should focus on the size of the opening. You need to measure them first. From this value, subtract the thickness of the installation gap (25 mm) and the thickness of the window sill (40 mm).

PVC version single door

An economy class option, although it is possible to choose single, double, triple glazing, or even four-pane glazing. The single-leaf design is made as a rotary or folding one, and is very rarely inserted in a blind design. One leaf is a solution for old houses with small rooms and low ceilings, and is not very convenient to use, but reliable.

The opening sash takes up the entire free area of the window sill, since when it opens there should be nothing standing on it. A single-leaf opening structure is installed on the lower levels of buildings (ground or first floor) and must have easy access so that the glass can be washed. In recent years, single-leaf products are installed in exceptional cases, despite the fact that one leaf means simple maintenance of the frame and glass. The main purpose of structures with one frame is for the construction of country houses, garden houses, pavilions, terraces, or installation in a small and low room.

Requirements

The requirements relate to design features and product characteristics. These parameters are contained in the texts of regulatory documents :

GOST 30673-99 - describes the main conditions that determine the quality of the profile;
GOST 24866-99 - establishes the main characteristics of a double-glazed window;
GOST 30777-2001 and 538-200 - contain requirements for the quality of fittings;
GOST 30674-99 and 23166-99 - fixes design parameters in the assembly;
GOST 30971-2002 - describes the requirements for the quality of installation work.

The seller of a double-hung window must work in accordance with the requirements of all listed standards.

Before ordering and purchasing, you need to require all certificates and a list of legislative acts, the clauses of which he complies with. These issues must be covered in the contract with the buyer.

Installation features

Installation of products takes place in several stages:

Dismantling the old window (only when replacing. If the structure is installed in a new house, then this point is skipped.
Cleaning mounting surfaces. If necessary, leveling and priming.
Preparing a new product - removing the sash, laying tape insulation.
Installation of the frame in the opening with mandatory vertical and horizontal alignment using a building level.
Fastening with fasteners.
Making assembly seams. Here it is important to know the features of installing windows for different types of houses (wooden, brick, private, high-rise).
The final stage is the installation of ebb and flow sills and adjustment of fittings.

Three main installation features:

make high-quality multi-layer insulation;
eliminate the appearance of “cold bridges”;
Fix the window taking into account thermal gaps.

If these conditions are met, the window will provide comfortable living.

According to the shape of the window opening

The level of modern technology and the design features of PVC windows allow them to be manufactured in almost any shape. This is actively used by designers and architects when designing a wide variety of buildings and structures. The use of window structures of various shapes allows you to give the house an original and sophisticated look, being the most important element of the appearance of any building.

In addition to standard rectangular windows, used almost everywhere and in all standard projects, in recent years original shapes have become widespread - triangular, trapezoidal, etc. They are increasingly used in individual projects, as well as in the construction of private houses and cottages.

SONY DSC

Rice. 12. Window of original shape.

Triangular plastic windows

The main area of application of triangular windows is private houses and cottages in which the building has a pointed roof. In this case, a triangular window can fit perfectly into the appearance of the structure, giving it a complete and aesthetic appearance.

No less often, triangular window structures are used when developing design projects in high-tech or even modern classic style.

It should be borne in mind that in the manufacture of this type of window, slightly more materials are consumed than for a standard rectangular one. Therefore, the cost of a triangular window is usually slightly higher.

Rice. 13. Triangular shape.

Rectangular plastic windows

It is not surprising that rectangular PVC windows are the most common. The versatility of the design, the minimum consumption of materials during manufacturing and, accordingly, the lowest cost of products, the possibility of almost universal use - all this has made rectangular windows made of polyvinyl chloride the most popular window design.

In addition to cost, this type of plastic profile windows has another important advantage - rectangular windows are the easiest to install and repair. This can be explained quite simply - standard designs, components and fittings are used.

Rice. 14. Rectangular shape.

Round plastic windows

Round plastic window structures are relatively rare. But where they are used, the result is almost always an original architectural or design solution. For example, the so-called round porthole windows, which are installed in the bathroom located in the attic floor of private houses or hotels, are popular.

The production of round windows is not accompanied by a noticeable increase in cost, so their cost is not much different from standard rectangular ones. Therefore, it can be predicted that round PVC windows will be used more and more often, especially in private housing construction.

Rice. 15. Round shape.

Arched plastic windows

Arched polyvinyl chloride windows are, in most cases, a structure that has an upper part in the shape of an arc of a certain radius. We can say, simplifying a little, that an arched window is essentially half a round one.

Arched windows of various configurations are very often used in religious buildings: semi-circular - in Orthodox churches, lancet - in Gothic churches. Their cost is relatively low, so they are often used to diversify architectural solutions in the construction of large public buildings and the design of elite cottages and private houses.

Rice. 16. Arched shape.

Trapezoidal plastic windows

Trapezoidal windows made of polyvinyl chloride (another common name is trapezoidal windows). They can be used in almost any room. Windows of this shape are perfectly combined with a wide variety of design solutions related to both the interiors and the exterior of the building.

The presence of trapezoid windows on the facade gives any building originality and sophistication. Trapezoidal window structures are especially often used in private houses when the structure has a gable roof. In this case, the use of plastic trapezoid windows ensures maximum illumination of the interior.

Rice. 17. Trapezoidal shape.