When a house is built, special attention is paid to how the roof is arranged and what it looks like. One of its important parts is the gable overhang of the roof. If you make a mistake in choosing this architectural detail, it may turn out that the funds invested in the construction of the roof were wasted. The article will discuss different types of gable overhangs, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Gable roof overhang Source krovlyakryshi.ru
What is this
If you look at a gable roof from the gable side, the overhang is a continuation of the roof slope. It runs along its entire length and at the bottom turns into a cornice.
There are no rules in regulatory documents that strictly regulate the dimensions of this architectural detail. In practice, the width is 40 - 70 cm.
Hemming the gables helps improve weather protection. In addition, thanks to a beautifully made slope, the house will look more stylish.
In the absence of this architectural detail, the edges of the roof and the insulating material that is located there may become wet in bad weather.
A well-made gable roof overhang allows for an airtight roof.
Design and principle of operation
Cornice strips form a metal protective edge with an anti-corrosion coating that protects the front or cornice boards from moisture.
Looking at the roof first, it may seem that this longitudinal element is brought under the edges of the roofing. In fact, its installation is carried out even before laying the metal tiles or corrugated sheets. Only after it has been strengthened on the frontal or cornice board will it be possible to begin laying facing materials.
Usually, made from the same material as the cladding, it is painted in a color similar to it and protects not only the eaves or front board from getting wet, but also prevents water from entering the under-roof space itself.
What to consider when choosing
When considering the lining of the roof gables, it must be taken into account that the greater its width, the more reliable protection of the wall it provides. The maximum sizes of gables can be seen in chalet and half-timbered houses - these styles originated in areas with rather harsh climatic conditions, and elongated gables were made to protect the walls and foundation from moisture.
Extended gables Source buildingwork.net
Features of design and installation of eaves overhangs
When designing and installing the following should be taken into account:
The amount of overhang of the eaves overhang from the load-bearing wall
It represents a design value depending on the load-bearing capacity of the structure and factors taken into account when developing the project. The overhang of a soft roof should provide ventilation in the under-roof space. Methods and fastening elements for decorative panels (copper, wood and other metal cassettes) must ensure reliable fastening of the panel in all weather conditions. With proper installation of roof overhangs, the appearance of the walls of the house and the roof itself will retain their original appearance and performance properties for a long time
With proper installation of roof overhangs, the appearance of the walls of the house and the roof itself will retain their original appearance and performance properties for a long time.
Various design solutions
In order to organize a gable overhang, various methods are used in practice. When considering the lining of the roof gable, the options may be different:
Part of the sheathing
When a roof is being built, you can see how complex its structure is. One of its parts is the sheathing. The gable overhang is attached to the edge. To do this, the rafters must be slightly longer than usual. The increase in length is usually from 30 to 50 cm.
This method is convenient in cases where the roofing covering is light. Typically, this situation occurs in cases where:
- European slate;
- soft roof;
- metal tiles.
In this case, there is a limitation that is imposed on the width of such an overhang. The extension of the roof beyond the gable cannot exceed 50 cm. If you make the overhang wider, then as a result its mass will be such that the rafters may bend as a result.
Minimalist solution
Although a gable overhang is necessary for a house, there is nevertheless a class of buildings where it is absent.
Gable overhang Source assz.ru
In this case, as a rule, the gable and eaves of the roof are at the same height. This design, although acceptable, is less reliable than in other cases.
Overhang parallel to rafters
Although the gable overhang is usually located in a vertical plane, a design is also used when it is located horizontally, continuing in the plane of the roof.
In this case, the edge of the roof protrudes above the gable more than usual. Moreover, the design provides that such an overhang is attached horizontally to the rafters.
This method is used in cases where the roof has a heavy structure. This option allows you to withstand significant weight.
Here we mean the following types of roofs:
- using concrete tiles;
- when to use ceramic tiles;
- slate covering.
Do-it-yourself broken roof: step-by-step instructions
Before installing the roof, all wooden elements are treated with antiseptics, fire retardants and impregnations against rotting. They stock up on basic roofing material, insulating and metal fasteners for fixing the rafters to the mauerlat.
A sheathing is made from thick profiled timber, which will form the basis of the rafter system. To do this, the Mauerlat is rigidly coupled to the ceiling. For soft roofs, continuous sheathing is required. For solid ones, such as metal tile or slate, the sheathing is assembled in increments of 0.2–0.5 m. The planned attic is separated with racks, the racks are connected with shared purlins, and beams are laid on top, which will be tie-downs (connecting parts) for the hanging rafters. Install the layered rafters, checking the planes of the steep slopes, and then the hanging ones
Attention should be paid to the correct arrangement of the nodes in the bending areas. If necessary, support the layered rafters with struts, and hang the top tie with the help of a headstock so that it does not sag
The facade components of the structure are adjusted (window and door openings, if windows and a balcony are planned).
Of course, this is not the only technology for arranging a sloping roof. There are a number of others, and the choice depends on many factors - the material used, layout, type of roof, conditions for installation work, etc.
Installing the rafter system yourself
Installation of a sloping roof is convenient because it allows, as already mentioned above, to assemble many structural elements on the ground.
- The first 2 trusses are made, lifted onto the roof, installed along the edges and secured with connecting bars.
- A cord is pulled between them, which will serve as a level for mounting the rafter legs in the same plane.
- All trusses are installed in a similar manner and fixed well, giving the structure the necessary rigidity with the help of crossbars, which will later form the basis of the attic ceiling. As a result of the work carried out, the following design will be obtained.
Materials used
The following describes how a horizontal gable overhang can be arranged:
Lining
For these purposes, lining is sometimes used. This option is considered one of the most convenient. Before installing it, you need to carry out processing. It is not necessary to use a finishing tongue and groove board here.
Lining is considered one of the most convenient materials Source kak-sdelat-kryshu.ru
Instead, you can use pine or spruce boards. A beam is nailed to the wall along the edge of the rafters. A board is attached to it from below. And only after that the lining is attached. It is believed that there should be a distance of 2 cm between the boards. In addition, it is recommended that a ventilation hole be installed instead of every third plank. These measures are necessary to ensure ventilation for the roof.
Corrugated sheet
You can also use a gable roof overhang made of corrugated sheets. Since it is made of metal, during installation it must be taken into account that it can change its size depending on the temperature. Therefore, you need to attach the strips, providing a small gap between them.
It is recommended to attach corrugated sheets using self-tapping screws. It is not recommended to use nails for this purpose.
Gable roof overhang made of corrugated sheets Source rublennye-doma.ru
Blank PVC panels
Such an overhang will be easily damaged, however, this option is the cheapest. The installation is similar. How to install a clapboard overhang.
See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in roof repair and design.
Steel sheets
The thickness of the sheets usually ranges from 0.6 mm to 10 mm. Steel must be galvanized to protect the metal from rust. Sheets of other materials can also be used: copper or aluminum. When installing them, actions similar to those previously discussed occur.
Since during the work you will need to cut sheets of galvanized steel, you need to take into account that the edges are not protected from rust. To fix this, you need to paint them in this place.
It is not recommended to use sheets longer than 5 m. This is due to the fact that otherwise they will sag.
Wall siding
This option is advantageous to use in cases where the house was lined with it. If the same material is used for the gable overhang, it will look stylish.
Use of metal soffits
This option is considered reliable and durable.
Such an overhang will be quite expensive Source all.biz
It is made from galvanized iron, copper or aluminum. Not only is it of good quality, but it also looks beautiful.
Sheathing from boards for the roof
If you are looking for an answer to the question of how to sheathe a house with boards and at the same time use the roof, then these tips will help you:
- So, in order to later finish the roof with lumber from boards cut at the factory, when installing the roof, instead of rafters, slabs are installed - simple longitudinal logs. They are attached to the roof gables.
- Then a frame of beams or second-grade lumber is placed on top of the logs. The principle of forming a step between beams is the same as for a wall frame.
- Next, a waterproofing material is laid on the frame, which is overlapped at the joints. In this case, the waterproofing is released down to the gutter.
- Then a thin lath is laid over the layer of waterproofing material to create a counter-lattice. It will help ventilate the roof sheathing boards.
- The finishing begins to be attached from the drain upwards according to the same principle as on the walls of the house.
Important: such a roof looks colorful, but is overly susceptible to moisture. Therefore, lumber can be additionally treated with water repellents
The most popular are simple drying oil and Aquatex-extra. This impregnation should be applied after heating it in a water bath in advance. The boards are processed in two layers. In this case, there is no need to wait for the first layer to dry.
Advice: in order for a plank roof to last longer, you will need to repeat this wood treatment every 2-3 years.
Roof overhang
A roof overhang is a structure that protrudes beyond the walls of a building.
Sometimes such a structural element is called a box.
When installing overhangs, one single goal is pursued: to protect the walls of the house from atmospheric moisture.
And to maximize the effectiveness of such protection, the bases of the rafters are extended beyond the walls.
As a rule, the length of such a segment is 50 - 60 cm.
The lower part of the roof overhangs is sheathed.
Various materials are used for this, but the most common is tongue and groove board.
In addition to pitched overhangs, gable overhangs are also used to protect the gables of buildings from precipitation.
Overhang options:
- overhangs are not hemmed. Such overhangs are ideal for all types of roofs;
- hemmed overhangs are used when constructing hip roofs, but are sometimes used on gable roofs;
- box overhangs are used on hip, gable and single-pitched roofs;
- Shortened overhangs can be used on any roof.
Several design features of different roof overhangs
- Roof overhang that is flush. That is, when installing the roof frame, the rafters are not extended beyond the front boundary. In this case, a drain board is installed along the edge of the rafters. It not only acts as a protector of the ends from moisture. A gutter system is attached to it. The disadvantage of such an overhang is the lack of protection for the walls.
- Open type roof eaves. When installing such an overhang, the main rafters of the frame protrude beyond the walls. With this type of plumb line, the drainage system is attached to the upper edges of the rafters or to their side parts.
- Protected roof plumb. With this type of plumb line, the protruding ends of the rafters are covered with a cornice. Very often there is a groove on the inside into which sheathing elements are inserted.
- The pediment plumb line can be made either protruding beyond the walls of the building or flush. It all depends on what the design of the house is. With a standard design, both methods can be used.
Pediment functions
The pediment is the upper part of the wall, which is limited on the sides by slopes and below by a cornice. In most cases, a gable roof is made in the shape of a triangle or pentagon. You can also find another description of the pediment: the pitched part of the wall, which has solid masonry with a load-bearing structure. In the case of a timber or frame house, this element is more often referred to as a gable wall, although both terms mean the same thing and apply to all areas of the attic floor constructed from brickwork, timber or block material.
The pediment is assigned several missions at the same time, and it copes with them perfectly:
- protects the attic space from precipitation and negative atmospheric phenomena. It does not allow moisture to affect wooden structural elements, because with high humidity they quickly become unusable, and you can forget about comfort in the house;
- maintains optimal temperature conditions. A gable roof of a frame structure is characterized by the arrangement of an attic, which must be insulated. Even if you do not plan to use it as a living space, it is necessary to sew up the gable, otherwise the heating system will be forced to work under load, which will be reflected in the bills for the fuel used;
- adds the necessary rigidity to the roof. It provides the rafters with additional support, partially taking the load upon itself, which makes the roof reliable and stable. Such a detail cannot be avoided in windy regions;
- gives a spectacular appearance to the building. Thanks to the decorative elements of the pediment, it is possible to completely transform the appearance of even the most dilapidated frame house, without spending a huge amount.
How to make a gable roof gable: design options
- Pediment functions
- Architectural forms
- Calculation and installation
- Insulation
A well-designed and constructed roof becomes not only reliable protection for a frame house, but also its decoration.
Here every detail is of great importance, be it the pediment, cladding or decorative elements.
It would seem that with skillful actions, an ordinary structure can turn into a masterpiece of construction art, but before making the gables of gable roofs, developers carefully think through every detail of the installation process, we invite you to familiarize yourself with the basics of this art.
Architectural forms
Most of us are more familiar with triangular or pentagonal pediments, but these are not all the forms inherent in the under-roof part of the wall. Architects also create structures of the following type:
Exterior finishing and decor
The installation of the pediment ends with its finishing, which by default should be in harmony with the material used for the walls of the building.
If the frame of the house is made of brick, the pediment is also usually made of brick. Then the gables along with the walls are plastered and painted. Or they are covered with facing bricks or decorative stones. It is also possible to finish with siding, clapboard, imitation timber or logs. To do this, slats are stuffed onto the brick, and the finishing is sewn onto them.
The principle of covering a pediment with siding can be understood by watching the video:
Almost the same principles of finishing are used for the frame gable, which is built over brick, block, frame buildings and even log buildings. In the case of a log house, the ideal finish for a frame pediment is a block house - an imitation of a log. And you can’t tell it from real logs!
A chopped pediment does not require any finishing at all, other than painting or varnishing. It is built only over log walls, so it does not need to combine the general style with the frame of the house.
The cladding completes the structure of the pediment. And the lined pediment completes the roof structure. Therefore, only after complete assembly and cladding of the gable can we say that the structure of the gable roof is completely completed.
How to make it yourself ↑
The construction of the façade part of the roof structure should be carried out according to a carefully designed project, since any error in the calculations to determine the exact dimensions can lead to misalignment of the rafter system. This, in turn, will cause serious complications and even wall collapse.
At the junction of the upper part, a matcha is installed strictly vertically, equal in length to the height of the future structure. It is fixed in the center of the wall, and the upper end is connected to the corners of the wall, for example, with a nylon cord in a tense state, forming an isosceles triangle. Its sides will later serve as a beacon when laying the sidewalls of the structure.
In practice, the construction of the pediment can be done both before and after the roof is erected. Nevertheless, experienced craftsmen recommend sticking to the first option, since a finished roof, as a rule, complicates the construction of a gable wall.
Where to begin
Covering gables with siding is practically no different from the exterior decoration of other parts of the house. It all starts with preparing the foundation. All possible dirt and stains are removed.
If there are any cracks or holes they need to be plastered
It is also important to say that vinyl panels can be mounted on a surface with differences of no more than 5 mm. Therefore, in the presence of large unevenness, the surface is first leveled
You need to pay special attention to wooden surfaces. If rotten boards are found, they must be replaced. If damaged elements remain under the finished surface, they can cause rot to spread deeper into the insulation.
Purpose
The roof gable is the part of the wall that is located between the roof slopes and the eaves. The term “pediment” can have different meanings - for example, in some sources this term hides a section of the wall located under the slopes and laid out together with the main wall. In wooden houses, this same section of the structure is called a “gable wall.”
However, today a pediment means any ceiling built at the attic level using any materials. In the case of gable roofs, the gables are usually triangular or pentagonal in shape.
The pediment is necessary to solve a number of problems, including:
- Protection of the under-roof space from penetration of wind and precipitation. This point is very important, since protection from external factors is required not only for the roof itself, but also for the entire building.
- Heat retention. A residential attic is often built under a gable roof, in which high-quality insulation is required for a comfortable stay. However, even a non-residential attic must be protected from the cold - gables without insulation reduce the energy-saving properties of the entire roof by an order of magnitude.
- Increasing roof rigidity. The rafter system of a gable roof is unloaded by the pediment - it takes on part of the load. Properly installed gables will increase the rigidity of the roof and increase its resistance to wind loads.
- Improved visual performance. To cover the gables, you can use a variety of materials that can give the structure decorative properties. Considering the visibility of gables, you need to know and remember about the possibility of decorating a house without special expenses.
