What does a wooden window consist of: device features, characteristics and description of elements and parts

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Wooden window design

Agree, we associate modern windows with warmth and comfort. And if you decide to update the windows in your apartment, then you need to choose the right model. In order to do this, you need to understand the design features of wooden windows.

Elements of a wooden window

Let's briefly look at the design of wooden windows (such as here: https://wood-window.com/woodwindows.html), what elements the windows consist of.

Frame

Frame
The frame is the main component of the window, which is a kind of wooden box made from a wooden profile. It is attached directly to the window opening and its dimensions are determined based on the size of the opening, of course, taking into account all the necessary technological gaps. The frame supports the weight of the entire structure, so its installation must be approached with all responsibility.

Components and parts of the structure

Wooden windows are made from solid timber, as well as laminated timber. According to a numerous regulated series of regulatory documents, of which GOST 24700-99 is considered the main one, the standard elements of window construction, regardless of the type of wood used, are :

timber (of a certain section and specified dimensions);
frame for mounting glass and other parts;
doors (blind, opening);
fittings, including handles and awnings;
simple glass or double glazing;
glazing beads, presented in a round shape;
removable rubber contours for sealing grooves;
drainage profiles (made of stainless steel or plastic);
sealant (silicone).

The standards for the cross-section of material for the frame are 70 x 80 (mm). The sashes most often have dimensions of 60 x 70 (mm). The depth of sealing of the glass unit into the timber is 40 (mm). The windows are protected from the outside by aluminum profiles.

The most popular materials from which wooden window structures are made are larch, pine and oak. It is worth considering the main and additional parts in more detail.

Frame

Modern frames are made using advanced technologies. The element itself is considered the basis and main load-bearing element of a window made of profile or laminated timber. Externally, the frame resembles a wooden box, which is mounted into the window opening using installation. The dimensions of the presented structural part depend on the opening, and are made taking into account the required technical clearances.

The frame is able to withstand certain weight loads of the entire structure , so its installation is carried out with the utmost care. Additionally, especially in brick houses, it is reinforced with high-quality fasteners (for example, anchors). Frames come with sashes and blind ones.

During the production process, modern frames are necessarily treated with environmentally friendly substances: antiseptics, as well as adhesive polymer compounds, which prolong their performance characteristics and protect against destruction and mold formation. In addition, some compounds provide excellent protection against insects.

Doors

This element belongs to the main part, and, like the frame, is made of wood material. There is a wide variety of sashes, varying in size and design, but the following types are considered the main ones:

Folding . They have a unique design. With the help of special fasteners and a special design, they can be tilted at a given angle ("ventilation" mode) at the top, towards the room, or directed outward.
Rotary. They open in one direction, often inward, by simply moving the window handle to the right or left.
Tilt and turn (combined). Combined the characteristics of the first two varieties.

The doors are classified as the opening element of the structure. They come in different shapes and are decorated with any elements of fittings. According to standard rules, sashes are made no more than 120 (cm) in width and 180 (cm) in height.

Double-glazed windows and glasses

The window can be standard with a simple wooden frame (with one or two organic glasses), or presented in the form of a modern double-glazed window, which has good characteristics and reliably protects against noise, dust, frost and precipitation. A double-glazed window is a structure made of several solid glasses , which is manufactured only in production conditions.

There are various options for double-glazed windows (double, triplex), but each of them contains a molecular chamber sieve, which helps prevent windows from fogging from the inside. Modern double-glazed windows have a high level of energy saving and can last more than 15 years.

Glazing beads

This structural element is made from strong, high-quality wood and looks like a microspike. It can be round or square in shape , and is produced using professional carpentry equipment. The dimensions of the glazing bead, which resembles a square, can be 10 (mm) x 10 (mm).

There are also products 1,000-2,000 (mm) in length, and its width depends on the thickness of the glass unit used. In most cases, glazing beads have non-standard sizes and are created specifically for a specific window design.

The main purpose of this part is to fasten the glass unit to the sash or frame, depending on the type of window. Installation of glazing beads is not difficult - they are inserted from the outside and inside, after installation inside the double-glazed window.

Accessories

The presented structural elements include all types of hinges, locks, limiters, stoppers, various connections, handles, hidden fasteners, with the help of which the window system is secured and functions. The fittings allow you to use and adjust the windows at your discretion - open, close them, set them for ventilation, use sliding systems horizontally and vertically.

High-quality fittings are made in the factory. For wooden windows, the preferred consumable material for this element is brass and stainless metals, high-quality steel. But handles can also be made from metal-plastic products or painted aluminum profiles.

The fittings must be tightly attached to the frame and facilitate the fit of the remaining elements to the window, connecting the sashes to the supporting base. Fasteners that are involved in installation must be marked.

About the types of fittings in detail in the article at the link.

Impost

The structural element refers to the reinforcing part of the window, a kind of partition (rack), which divides it into separate sections. The impost comes in different types depending on the orientation of the profile (horizontal, vertical), and in addition to imparting rigidity, it has decorative architectural implications. During installation, imposts are secured by welding or mechanical means .

The vertical post significantly increases the strength and durability of any wooden window, as it serves as a reliable connecting link between the opening and the entire window structure. The impost may not be present on all windows. But it is especially recommended for buildings located on heaving soils, as well as in seismically unfavorable areas.

Gorbylek

The presented structural element is a window frame made of a wooden profile, which divides the double-glazed window into uniform sections vertically and horizontally, and can serve not only as a strengthening element, but also as a decorative element. But in some cases, with arched doors, it can also have an arc shape. T-frames are often made in wooden frames with this element.

Croakers are installed in different ways. They can be mounted inside the double-glazed window (shpros) or on its outside . The gorbylek can be presented in a variety of colors, which emphasizes the individual design of the house, both outside and inside. For wooden window structures, you can use not only wood slabs, but also metal-plastic ones.

Slopes

The structural part of the window consists of parts of the wall that are located on both sides of the window opening. For wooden windows, slopes can be made from :

solid wood;
plywood;
linings.

Slopes not only make the window expressive, but also additionally perform an insulating role - protection from the penetration of moisture, cold air, and retain heat well.

But the most important purpose of the slopes is to close the seams of the wooden window and the wall at the junction with the frame. Wooden slopes are well attached with adhesives and are treated on top with the same polymers as the main window system.

You can also make cork slopes next to a wooden window, which look original and unusual, creating a protective, but at the same time “breathable” section of the wall.

Windowsill

An important decorative element that complements a wooden window is the window sill. This part plays the role of a tabletop, and is made not only from solid wood, but also from laminated veneer lumber. The window sill is cut to the size of the frame, and, most often, is made from a solid part of a board of given dimensions .

The corner of the window sill is mounted in specially formed grooves in the walls, and is often supported by anchor connections from below and above. After installing the element, its canopy always protrudes 6-10 (cm) more than the window slopes. The board for window sills is well sanded, treated with polymers and primer. You can also cover the element with paint.

Low tide

The main purpose of the additional external element of the window is to remove precipitation from the lower part. On wooden windows, the sills are made of high-quality metal or its profile (for example, stainless steel). There are also plastic and metal-plastic varieties.

Fix the ebbs in the lower grooves, directly under the window frame. They are attached to the walls between which the structure is located. During installation, the ebbs are secured with a 15-degree slope towards the street, and the joint in contact with the frame is reliably sealed. Drainage drains can be tinted with paint and varnish in order to maintain their performance characteristics for as long as possible .

mosquito net

Refers to additional elements, the important function of which is to protect the room from insects. In addition, a mosquito net can trap dust from the street and prevent small children and pets from falling out of the window. There are different types of mosquito nets (solid, sliding, roller). For wooden windows, experts advise using a sliding model.

The material from which protective products are made is PVC. It comes in a variety of colors, but white and brownish models are more common. The mesh is inserted into special grooves on the window, in front of the sash, and can be easily removed, if necessary.

Caring for the mesh is simple - wash with a rag with clean water or with the addition of detergent. You can also clean with a vacuum cleaner at low power.

Extras

It is used more often in the repair of secondary housing, bathhouses, with curved window system structures, when it is necessary to hide shortcomings (for example, a discrepancy between the geometric dimensions of the window and the opening). Extensions, as an auxiliary element of the window, are mounted horizontally or along the perimeter of the structure.

Extensions can have arbitrary sizes; they are often decorated with original ornaments made with carpentry tools. For an additional element whose width is more than 14 (cm), use a high-quality planed board.

Aluminum profiles

This element is often used by modern manufacturers to additionally protect the entire wooden structure from external atmospheric influences. Aluminum profiles are attached to the bottom of the frame during installation. They look like a special protective lining . But when examining a window structure, you may not notice them, since manufacturers often disguise it as laminate.

Windows with aluminum profiles secured with corners have a good service life. The model type and color are always agreed with the customer. Despite the protection, aluminum does not burden a wooden window, but reliably protects it from mechanical and weather factors.

Layout

Shpros refer to additional structural elements of the window. They can be a type of slabs, so they are mounted in the same way as they are inside a double-glazed window or on the outer surface of a window system. The decorative purpose of the layout is used to create a house design in a certain style . In addition, it is made from environmentally friendly materials that are safe for human health.

The layout is made of high-quality wood or aluminum. It can be painted in any color, but most manufacturers process paintwork materials in the factory.

Sealant

In special grooves in the window structure, at the junctions of the sashes and the frame, there is space for elastic seals that look like long tubes. These elements fit tightly enough to each other and prevent moisture from entering, and also retain heat inside the rooms. Seals are made from rubber and elastomers . They can also be replaced with high-quality sealants (for example, silicone plan).

Depending on the type of structure, seals are attached from the inside or outside. For their tight fit, certified adhesives are used. Seals come in different colors. For example, there are dark, transparent and colorless products. The width of the elements can be from 5 mm.

More information about seals here.

Double-glazed window

Double-glazed
-glazed windows are transparent elements of modern wooden windows. They not only save heat, but also perform soundproofing functions. This is a kind of structure consisting of several glasses, between which there is a molecular sieve, designed to prevent windows from fogging from the inside.

Often, double-glazed windows last at least fifteen years.

What is a wooden window made of?

Windows made from wood have stood the test of time. For a long time, there was no alternative to them; only wooden windows were used in the construction of buildings. However, wood is a material that has its own service life, determined by nature. Over time, the wood dries out, loses its rigidity, distortions appear, and the functional properties of the window deteriorate. To eliminate these shortcomings, window manufacturers needed fundamentally new design solutions. This is how plastic products that quickly gained popularity appeared. However, there is nothing more reliable and safer than natural materials. Manufacturers of window products quickly realized this. And they began to produce wooden windows of a new generation. They are made using the latest, modern technologies, are environmentally friendly, durable, beautiful and reliable.

The design of a modern wooden window differs from the old generation wooden window products. The main distinctive feature of the new development is the presence of a double-glazed window, which can have two or three glasses and a moisture absorber inside the space between the glasses. The desiccant is located at the bottom of the package structure in a hollow perforated frame. A wooden double-glazed window is attached to the frame. For joint strength, seals are used. They are made of material that is resistant to changing climatic conditions, moisture, and temperature changes. In addition, the seal increases the mechanical strength of the entire window base, provides sound insulation and tightness.

The wooden window is equipped with galvanized ebbs, which protect the lower part of the window and help prevent moisture from entering the room. Modern wooden windows cannot be made without the use of high-quality fittings. Tilt-and-turn mechanisms provide window versatility, and different types of handles and hinges create opportunities for individual design ideas.

Currently, wooden windows are made from three-layer laminated veneer lumber. It turned out that such timber has the highest performance characteristics - it is strong, durable, and reliable. Moreover, the gluing of the timber occurs in such a way that the annual rings of each layer are located at a certain angle to the adjacent “neighboring” board - this way the structure gains increased strength. A window made from stacked timber will be stable and will not warp. A special waterproof glue is used to glue the lamellas.

In order for the timber to have high performance qualities, you need selected wood. The profile of wooden structures is selected taking into account the climatic conditions of the area. The main types of wood used for window production are pine, larch and oak. Pine is the cheapest material; it has soft wood, which is subjected to special impregnations to increase hardness. High resin content and the presence of knots are distinctive features of pine, so careful sorting is necessary when producing blanks.

A higher quality material is larch; it is resistant to dampness, damage by microorganisms, does not change its parameters under sudden temperature changes, and is durable. A true decoration of the house will be windows made of oak, which is the leader in strength and wear resistance. Wooden oak windows are also made from laminated veneer lumber, only the front lamella is made from solid wood.

Based on materials from the site: https://evrookna-s.ru

fix-builder.ru

Additional components

Equally important when giving a finished, perfect look is the fittings, which are a rather complex mechanism, and we must be able to use them correctly if we want to open the window, close it, or simply open it slightly. Nowadays the most popular is the tilt and turn opening method. To do this, just move the handle to the required position. The tilt-and-turn switch device may be equipped with a mushroom-shaped anti-burglary pin, which, when closed, tends to engage with the anti-burglar strike plate on the frame.

To increase the safety and reliability of a wooden window, other elements can be installed:

hook locks;
drilling protection;
P and V trunnions;
anti-burglary strikers.

The tilt and turn switch is equipped with a mushroom-shaped anti-burglary pin, which, when closed, fits into the anti-burglar strike plate on the frame.
The final element in the window design is the handles, which can be made of aluminum or brass, which are recognized as high-quality materials.

Anyone who wants to install them at home or in the country needs to know the device.

Features of work

To prevent moisture from accumulating inside, you can use bentonite or cat litter for backfill.
Making windows at home has a number of features that need to be taken into account during the work.

Double-glazed windows must be made completely sealed to avoid fogging. It is first recommended to pour sorbent into the connecting profiles, which will absorb moisture.
Wood is prone to drying out and deformation. To prevent this from happening, you need to regularly treat the frame with protective agents. Another option is to purchase laminated veneer lumber or lumber from valuable wood species (oak, cedar, larch).
In any case, there is a gap between the frame and the box for free opening. To avoid drafts, rubber or foam rubber seals should be installed in such places.
Don't forget about the window sill. You can also make it yourself by gluing it together from several boards or bars, then processing it to match the window.
During work, safety precautions must be observed. Electrical appliances must be grounded, and when using them, a rubber mat must be laid. Hands should be protected with gloves, and eyes with goggles or a visor.

Even without professional skills, you can make a beautiful and strong window yourself. To do this, you need to carefully carry out each stage of the work, take your time, and double-check all measurements and calculations.

Wood species used in production

Wood species (from left to right): oak, larch, pine. The following wood is most often used as a material:

Pine. A common inexpensive coniferous species, it is widely used in construction and has all the necessary qualities for use in the manufacture of window structures. Pine is resistant to moisture, quite durable with appropriate processing, and is also the most accessible and easy to process. Considering the price of wooden windows, only the highest quality materials are used in their production. That is, there are no knots, resin pockets and natural defects in it, in addition, only fine-grained wood that does not contain a core is suitable for the manufacture of Euro-windows.
Oak. Strong, hard and very durable material (100 years or more), with beautiful texture and color. The main disadvantage is the high cost due to its rarity, labor-intensive preparation and processing difficulties. The high specific weight of oak imposes a number of restrictions on the size of the opening doors, since not every fitting is able to withstand the loads that will arise later. Exposure to direct sunlight can also negatively affect oak (discoloration, cracking). Therefore, in window structures, it is either covered from the street with aluminum overlays, or in the process of gluing the timber, external slats from a different species (pine, larch) are used, which also has a positive effect on the price.
Larch. Perhaps the most popular breed at the moment, as it combines a number of advantages of the options mentioned above. It is resistant to atmospheric influences, not as strong as oak, but still significantly stronger than pine, durable, resistant to putrefactive formations and fungus. All possible defects (deformations, delaminations) on larch appear at the preparation stage, which allows you to select a better quality material. Of the minuses, it is worth mentioning its significant mass, comparable to oak.

Pros and cons in contrast to plastic windows

Advantages:

Wood is a natural, environmentally friendly material that does not evaporate toxic substances harmful to health.
Wooden windows look much more aesthetically pleasing, even in comparison with products made from expensive textured PVC profiles.
The high thermal insulation characteristics of wood are combined with good absorption of external noise.
With a relatively small weight, the wood has sufficient strength, which ensures the preservation of external attractiveness over a long service life.

Flaws:

High price. Even the most budget designs, manufactured using the latest technology, are quite expensive compared to their plastic counterparts.
Violation of the production regime, in particular the preparation (drying) of the material, often leads to subsequent deformations of the product, which is quite difficult to eliminate.
Less practicality compared to plastic products, especially when it comes to soft wood (pine).

Let's sum it up

Which windows to choose for your house - plastic or wooden - you will have to find the answer to this question yourself, weighing all the pros and cons of each option. When choosing windows, you need to take into account the characteristics of the room, your own taste preferences, and financial capabilities.

The article told you about the features of each type of structure, after studying which you can make a decision in favor of one or another material for the production of windows. We only note that with proper use, care and selection of initially high-quality products, both wooden and plastic windows can serve you for a long time and fit harmoniously into the interior of your home.

Chamfering, assembly, finishing

All instructions recommend chamfering the joints; this improves the appearance of the frames, since minimal mismatches in the mating elements are hidden.

A cut or rounded corner is covered with a thicker layer of paint and varnish than a sharp one, therefore, it is more resistant to all external influences. Forum member Sukhov76, who made wooden windows for himself, advises his own method.

Sukhov76FORUMHOUSE Member

Instead of chamfering at 45⁰, it is better to round the corner by a radius of 3 mm - it looks more aesthetically pleasing and lies well under paint. Paints and varnishes are “afraid” of sharp edges, according to the law of surface tension, on sharp surfaces the paint layer is thinner, and according to the law of meanness, it is the edges that are the most vulnerable in operation, and the coating wears off faster, but on a radius the layer is even and is more difficult to damage.

The assembled window frames and sashes are sanded and treated with special impregnations, and then varnished or painted. In order for each subsequent layer to apply well and last a long time, all compositions used must be on the same base, water, etc. The glass in the frame is secured with glazing beads.

It’s not enough to make a window with your own hands - the video on our portal will teach you how to paint it correctly to protect the surface for many years!

For the second floor of his house, cyan__ also made wooden windows himself, using the technology already given. After the blanks were cut, grooves and tenon joints were selected, holes for fittings and frames were assembled, the final part remained - finishing and installing glass.

cyan__

Primed and painted the outer white side. Then, by sanding, I removed paint drips on the masking tape in a couple of places - the inner, translucent one. The stain is not paint; on the white side, if anything happens, it can be easily wiped off with a wet rag. I installed the glass on spacers and nailed the glazing beads - a copper nail every ten centimeters looks good. I sealed it with neutral (this is important) silicone; acidic silicone can destroy the sealant of the bag. I turned it over onto a sheet of foam rubber and sealed the reverse side, mounted the fittings, mounting plates and inserted it into the opening. The final step was to adjust the sash and insert seals into the grooves.