Fire-resistant stained glass windows: types, requirements, installation rules

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

BALCONY WINDOWS AND DOORS, DISPLAY DISPLAYS AND STAINED GLASS GLASSES IN ALUMINUM ALLOYS

GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 21519-84

USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR CONSTRUCTION

Moscow

DEVELOPED by the State Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture under the USSR State Construction Committee of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy

Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings of the USSR State Construction Committee

PERFORMERS

I.S. Lanko, Ph.D. arch. (topic leader); A. A. Zhirkova; P. A. Kalaida; O. A. Zhadkevich; V. V. Anikyev; V. B. Umansky; S. P. Soloviev, Ph.D. tech. sciences; Yu.M. Shchipanov; Yu. P. Alexandrov; S. K. Strelkov; V. A, Golikov; V. F. Lagutin; M.I. Novikova; N. A. Andrianov; N. I. Fedorov

INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture under the USSR State Construction Committee

Deputy Chairman M. P. Kokhanenko

APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs dated October 31, 1984 No. 182

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

By Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs dated October 31, 1984 No. 182, the introduction date was established

from 01.01.86

This standard applies to windows, balcony doors, showcases and stained glass (hereinafter referred to as products) made of aluminum alloys and intended for the installation of translucent fencing of public, industrial and auxiliary buildings and structures of industrial enterprises.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1)

Fire-resistant glass as a significant design element

The production of fire-resistant glass is one of the areas in which it operates. This type of product is used as a basis for the manufacture of fireproof windows, partitions, stained glass windows, etc.

When creating fireproof stained glass windows, special technological solutions are used, and only high quality raw materials are used. To ensure safety in buildings for various purposes, fire-resistant glass Fire Guard Group is used in the manufacture of stained glass, which does not lose its properties under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and has excellent strength indicators - CM4 (1B1). This product has a high level of translucency.

Since stained glass windows have such important quality characteristics as lightness and reliability, they will fit perfectly into any interior. For example, it is possible to glaze the facade using glazed doors and windows based on a profile made of aluminum. Design features provide a wide choice for the implementation of architectural solutions.

Types of stained glass designs

This type of product involves several glass fragments connected to each other by thin profiles. This makes it possible to install stained glass windows in a wide variety of combinations of elements with low weight.

There are several types of structures:

• arched stained glass windows,
• panoramic glazing view,
• continuous, frameless or structural glazing.

Fire-resistant glass, from which stained glass windows are made, can increase the safety of any type of building and at the same time improve the overall appearance, blending seamlessly into any interior.

What are the benefits of using stained glass structures when glazing a facade?

The use of such elements allows you to achieve:

• Aesthetic appearance.
• Original interior lighting effect.
• Low costs for the manufacture and installation of structures.
• Ease of repair work.
• Save money due to the absence of additional tools during installation.

High quality materials are used to produce FGG fire-resistant glass. We guarantee the safety and reliability of our products. Our specialists will produce products on time and taking into account the specifics of a particular order.

This is interesting: Fire windows: types, requirements, installation rules

Peculiarities

Despite many similarities with other types of fire-resistant structures, there are certain requirements for fire-resistant windows and stained glass windows, which are specified in various regulatory documents.

Therefore, I would immediately like to highlight several important distinctive features of these structures:

• According to paragraph 8 of Article 88 of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements, software must be non-opening, i.e. Without exception, all fire-resistant windows and stained glass windows are not capable of opening . In essence, such a product is an extension of the wall that cannot be opened or “ventilated.” Therefore, opening fire windows do not exist in nature, since this is a direct violation of the law;
• The degree of fire resistance of software is not indicated by “EI” (for example EI 60 or EI 30) as is customary for fire doors, gates and hatches, but only by the value “E” (for example E 60 or E 30). That is, only the indicator of loss of integrity is important, it is this indicator that is measured during fire tests, which all fire-fighting structures undergo without exception;
• There is a myth that there are fireproof plastic windows (PVC) - this is nothing more than a misconception. In the production of any fire protection structures, such an extremely flammable material as plastic is never used as a base.

COMPLETENESS

3.1. Windows and balcony doors must be supplied assembled with installed devices, sealing gaskets, support and fixing pads.

It is allowed that protruding parts of opening devices are not installed; support and fixing pads are not installed, but are supplied in separate packaging complete with the products.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3.2. Elements of showcases and stained glass windows, as well as vestibules, must be supplied in the form of linear elements or frames prepared for installation, complete with devices, sealing gaskets, support and fixing pads. The vestibule doors are supplied assembled.

3.3. The delivery package must include a passport and installation and operating instructions.

Purpose

Fire-resistant stained glass windows effectively perform several functions:

• They restrain the spread of fire, toxic smoke products of the combustion process inside construction sites, and also as filling elements in external fire walls do not allow fire to penetrate inside buildings for a long period required by standards.
• Provide insolation of rooms, thanks to the high light transmittance value, reaching 0.85.
• They withstand the requirements of object protection in terms of its technical strength, due to high impact resistance.
• They significantly reduce external noise levels and help reduce losses during heating of construction sites, as they have excellent heat and sound insulation properties.

Such undeniable advantages have made fire-resistant stained glass windows a sought-after element in the construction and major repairs of various construction projects.

Design and materials

Fireproof stained glass window design

The following materials are used in the production of fire-resistant stained glass windows:

On this topic ▼

Paints and varnishes for fire protection of metal and metal structures

• Steel, aluminum profile. Moreover, the frame supporting structure with bindings into the openings of which glass elements are inserted is usually made of rolled steel; and the outer frame, which most often comes into contact with outside air and precipitation, is made of aluminum profiles that are resistant to corrosion.
• Multilayer tempered or metal mesh reinforced glass; glass ceramics as filling elements for stained glass structures.
• Fire-retardant paints, varnishes as a coating for a metal profile, giving it the fire resistance required by standards, as well as fire-resistant mastics, plasters, which cover all fastening points, abutting structures to fire barriers.

Typical characteristics

The load-bearing basis of fire-retardant structures is a steel frame, which ensures reliable fixation of heavy, composite, laminated glass. Depending on the type of arrangement, a “warm” profile is used, used for facade work, which also has a thermal insulation function. Or a “cold” profile used for installing fire-resistant glass walls inside buildings.

The durable metal base does not deform under the influence of open fire and retains its structural properties for maximum time. The outer powder coating, or special fire-retardant paint covering the metal, ensures that when heated, an additional layer is formed that protects the already strong steel.

The frame is framed with a transparent canvas made of several layers of tempered glass, glued together with a special fastening gel, which, when heated, turns into a dense, hardened layer that prevents cracking of the glass base and, as a result, the formation of cracks and small fragments.

Fireproof products are divided by fire resistance class and are marked with a special abbreviation - E. A digital designation added to the letter indicates the time limit for the degree of protection of a stained glass window or partition that it can provide. Thus, the manufacturer's indication E15 guarantees fire protection for fifteen minutes. E30 - for thirty minutes, E60 - for up to one hour.

As a rule, fire-resistant stained glass has a fire resistance class of E60 and can guarantee fire localization for a maximum of sixty minutes. And partitions, doors and windows are designed for a 30-45 minute limit, which allows you to safely leave the interior or wait for firefighters to arrive.

The time interval without smoldering and burning is carefully calculated by conducting technical tests on consumables, which are necessarily carried out by the manufacturer. Factory production and quality certificate of fire protection equipment must guarantee the precise operational capabilities of fire-resistant structures and ensure maximum safety for human life.

CONTROL METHODS

5.1. Checking the geometric dimensions should be done with a caliper ShTs-111 in accordance with GOST 166-80, a protractor in accordance with GOST 5378-66, a tape measure of class III accuracy in accordance with GOST 7502-80, a probe in accordance with GOST 882-75 or a manufacturer’s template approved in the prescribed manner.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5.2. The tightness of pressing of the sealing gaskets to the rebates (clause 2.6) is checked by the presence of a continuous trace left by the dye applied to the surface of the seal. Chalk in accordance with GOST 12085-88, talc in accordance with GOST 19729-74 or other substances that do not damage the structure and are easily removed after inspection are used as a coloring agent.

Deviations from straightness (clause 2.6) are checked on a control plate in accordance with GOST 10905-86 using probes in accordance with TU2-034-225-87 and a straight edge in accordance with GOST 8026-75.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

Note. Deviations from flatness are checked for glazed products.

5.3. The quality of mechanical surface treatment must comply with GOST 2789-73 or be checked visually, by comparison with roughness standards approved in the established manner.

5.4. Control of heat transfer resistance (clause 2.22) - according to GOST 26254-84.

5.5. Air tightness control (clause 2.23) - according to GOST 25891-83.

5.6. Control of protective and decorative coating (clauses 2.24 and 2.25) - according to GOST 9.302-79.

Design features

Although some technical parameters of a window may vary depending on the manufacturer, basically the design of fire-resistant windows and stained glass windows consists of a steel frame, aluminum profile and fire-resistant glass.

Frame

The steel base of the frame is a kind of skeleton of the entire structure and meets the following basic requirements:

• The ability to hold back fire for a long time - this requires a reliable material; no plastic, wood or other material can handle this better than steel;
• The weight of the structure - the weight of fire-resistant glass can reach 50 kilograms per square meter of area, and windows can weigh 200-300 kilograms. Therefore, the use of a reliable steel core in a window frame is 100 percent justified.

Despite the fact that the base of the frame of such structures is steel, in most cases manufacturers call such windows “aluminum”, although, in fact, they should be called steel. In such windows, only the profile is aluminum, but not the base.

There is an opinion that there are wooden fireproof windows, although in fact in Russia today there is not a single company that produces such structures. The maximum that manufacturers can offer is the external finish of the window frame to look like wood.

Glass

The next main element of the design of fire-resistant windows and stained-glass windows is fire-resistant glass.

As always, the rule works - the higher the fire resistance of the window, the thicker, heavier and more expensive the entire structure.

It is also worth remembering that fire glass, as well as the structure itself, must have a separate fire safety certificate.

This is interesting: Fire partitions of types 1 and 2: types, standards and requirements

Requirements

Now we list the parameters by which the requirements for fire-resistant windows and stained glass windows are similar to the requirements for other fire-resistant barriers.

Certificate

Like all other structures, the software must have a certificate of compliance with fire safety requirements, which is issued after passing fire resistance tests; without such a certificate, the structure cannot be considered fire resistant.

Installation

Installation and installation of fire-resistant windows and stained-glass windows can only be carried out by an organization or individual entrepreneur who has a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations to install this type of structure.

It is illegal to install fire rated windows without such a license. During installation, non-flammable materials must be used - cement, fire-resistant foam, and so on.

GOST

As in the case of PD, a specific GOST for fire windows does not exist in nature.

The main regulatory document for all fire barriers is the Technical Regulations (Federal Law No. 123 of July 22, 2008), based on GOST (GOST R 53308-2009) they only conduct fire tests of all translucent fire-resistant structures, including software.

Types and limits of fire resistance

• According to Table 24 of the technical regulations, fire windows can be of 1, 2 or 3 types with corresponding fire resistance limits (type 1 - E 60, type 2 - E 30, type 3 - E 15);
• It is worth noting that some companies produce products with fire resistance levels E 45 and E 90, i.e. such fire resistance indicators that are not classified by technical regulations;
• Products with such fire resistance limits are classified downward, that is, E 45 will be equated to type 2, and E 90 to type 3 for filling openings.

Warm and cold profile

Fireproof windows, by analogy with metal PDs, can have a so-called cold or warm profile.

Let us remind you that a “warm” profile is one that faces the street and, in addition to fire resistance, performs a thermal insulation function. The “cold” profile is installed indoors between compartments or rooms.

In practice, products from a warm profile are mainly installed (i.e. outside the building), since inside the building, most often, it is more advisable to use fire partitions rather than windows.

Installation and Maintenance

Like the installation of all other types of fire-resistant filling of openings in fire barriers, be it a door or windows, the installation of stained glass structures is the prerogative of specialized contracting enterprises and construction organizations that have the appropriate license permits from the Ministry of Emergency Situations for this type of service.

The technical service of such fire-resistant structures is minimal. In practice, specialists are contacted only in case of mechanical damage to fire-resistant stained glass windows - to repair part of the glazing that was damaged by the impact.

The exception is stained glass fire-resistant structures with fire-resistant transoms for smoke removal and ventilation of premises, equipped with automatic opening devices interlocked with fire alarm control and fire extinguishing control devices.

In such situations, concluding an agreement with a specialized organization is the key to long-term reliable operation of the entire complex of fire-fighting equipment.

Positive and negative properties

The list of advantages of special partitions and stained glass windows includes:

• Versatility. They look beautiful in any construction interpretation. Modern design allows them to be used without compromising the aesthetic appearance of building facades and interior spaces in industrial and residential facilities.
• Quality. The strength and reliability of consumables provides fire-resistant structures with an increased service life. They are not subject to deformation, do not require seasonal painting or restoration, and are extremely convenient for everyday household maintenance.
• Practicality. The presence of fire-resistant stained glass windows, doors, windows and partitions ensures maximum safety in the building. They are also indispensable for emergency evacuation in the event of a fire hazard.
• Availability. The cost of finished stained glass products and glass protective partitions is almost equal to the price of erecting walls from conventional building materials. And their passive protection in the event of domestic or industrial fires has no other technical analogues.

Among the disadvantages are the complete tightness of glass products and the absence of any ventilation systems. This feature is prescribed in the Technical Safety Regulations and must be strictly observed during the production of products. Fire-resistant partitions can only be equipped with a special door, and solid stained glass windows exclude the presence of even the smallest openings.

As a result, the installation of such glazing limits the capabilities of ordinary consumers, and advertising offers from incompetent manufacturers for the sale of fire-resistant metal-plastic windows with opening sashes call into question their professional awareness.

The largest manufacturers in Russia

Due to the complexity of the production process, few large manufacturing plants are engaged in the manufacture of fire-resistant window and stained glass structures.

Production is concentrated in several large cities of Russia; the largest manufacturing companies of these structures are presented below.

Fire-resistant window and stained glass systems in Russia are produced by:

In the city of Moscow:

• LLC "OLEMAT"
• NPO "Fire-fighting structures"
• LLC "FOTOTECH"

In the city of St. Petersburg:

• NPO "SET-Fireprotection"
• LLC "World of Constructions"

In the city of Yekaterinburg:

• "Prompozhtekhnika"

In the city of Kazan:

• GC "Driving"

In the city of Novosibirsk:

• "UKS-Group"

Application area

Fire-resistant stained glass structures of various sizes are used in the construction of the following objects:

• Administrative, office, shopping centers, including those with atriums illuminated by overhead light through skylights.
• Indoor sports facilities.
• Swimming pools, winter gardens, greenhouses.
• Exhibition complexes, museums.
• Art galleries, workshops.

The use of fire-resistant stained-glass windows allows you to solve several problems at optimal costs for purchase and installation:

• Achieve an aesthetically pleasing, modern appearance for building facades and the interiors of security facilities, including by choosing any stained glass profile color according to the RAL scale.
• Ensure high resistance of objects to fire.
• Achieve an original indoor insolation effect.
• Ensure a high degree of tightness, thermal and sound insulation of premises, which is important in an urban environment.

Customers are also attracted to the high strength and durability of fire-resistant stained glass structures made from high-quality materials.

Installation

Installation of stained glass structures, as well as windows, can be performed only for an organization or for individual entrepreneurship. But in this case, each of them must have a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, that is, as a permit to install this type of structure. Installation of fire-resistant window structures without such a license is completely illegal. Installation of fire-resistant window structures will have to be carried out only using: cement, fire-resistant foam, and so on.

Types and availability of fire resistance

• In accordance with the technical data, all fire-resistant window structures can be coordinated with fire resistance limits;
• It should be noted that sometimes companies can produce products with a fire safety level in accordance with class E 45, as well as E 90. Typically, such fire safety indicators cannot be classified according to technical characteristic data;
• Products with similar maximum classified data will be equated to the most important type, that is, instead of E 45, E 90 will be defined.

ACCEPTANCE RULES

4.1. Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

4.2. Acceptance and delivery of products is carried out in batches. The volume of the batch is established by agreement of the parties, but not more than 200 pieces.

The batch must consist of products of the same brand, processed according to the same technological process and simultaneously presented for acceptance according to one document.

4.3. When accepting products, compliance with the requirements given in paragraphs. 2.1 (in terms of compliance with working drawings), paragraphs. 2.2-2.6, 2.9, 2.12-2.20, 2.24, 2.25, 2.27 apply two-stage control, for which products are selected from the batch in accordance with the table. 6.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

Table 6

4.4. A batch of products is accepted if the number of defective products in the first sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number and rejected without assigning a second sample if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection number.

If the number of defective products in the first sample is greater than the acceptance number, but less than the rejection number, a second sample is made.

A batch of products is accepted if the number of defective products in two samples is less than or equal to the acceptance number and rejected if the number of defective products in two samples is greater than or equal to the rejection number.

4.5. Checking products for compliance with the requirements given in paragraphs. 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 2.20 and 2.21, must be carried out using the continuous control method.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.6. Products must be subjected to periodic testing at least once every two years in order to comply with the requirements of all paragraphs of this standard with the exception of paragraphs. 2.11, 2.22, 2.23.

When placing products into production, tests must be carried out to ensure compliance with the requirements of all clauses of this standard.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.7. Each batch must have a quality document, the form, as well as the procedure and timing for sending it, are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.8. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

Construction cost

Calculation of preliminary estimates for the manufacture of fire-resistant stained glass structures and partitions is calculated based on the size of the premises being equipped and the area of ​​the building facades. Payment is made per square and linear meters of consumables and varies depending on the configuration of the finished product.

The thicker and stronger the steel frame, the more multi-layered the tempered glass, the higher the cost of an individual order from the manufacturer. A price reduction is possible by prior agreement when applying for a large number of wall panels and with ongoing commercial cooperation with one organization.

There is also an additional cost for installation of structures. The cost of services varies depending on the complexity of the installation. The height of the building, additional dismantling and the footage of the surface to be equipped when installing stained glass windows are taken into account. The total area of ​​the partition and the type of its fastening. The craftsmen take into account the conditions of the work (initial construction or installation during normal repairs), and also take into account all additional services (dismantling old walls, widening and strengthening of openings).

You can find out the exact estimate of upcoming costs directly when ordering the production of glass refractory products, after a preliminary consultation with the sales manager. The specialist will suggest the best option for special fire protection equipment, indicate the time frame for manufacturing the necessary structures and practical technical capabilities for installation. Will orient you in the price segment of the market and provide a choice of the best trade offers that correspond to the technical parameters of the interior premises or the features of the architectural structure.

Kinds

If, according to Article 88 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 123-FZ, fire windows have strict requirements for their design in a solid form, without elements that open for ventilation, then there are no such regulatory guidelines for stained glass structures. Therefore, manufacturing companies design, manufacture and certify two main types of products:

• Fixed fire-resistant stained-glass windows, practically corresponding in design to metal windows filled with fire-resistant glass, which are most often installed in openings of a small area, similar to the requirements for windows - up to 25% of the area of ​​the fire-resistant building barrier. Such blind structures of stained glass windows are also used when they act as fire-resistant glass partitions inside protected objects.
• Self-supporting fireproof stained glass windows of a large area, acting as external enclosing structures of construction projects, having fireproof transoms for natural ventilation, release of smoke products of combustion in the event of a fire, equipped with mechanisms and devices for opening them in automatic and manual modes.

According to the size and shape of fire-resistant stained glass structures, they can be divided into the following types:

• Strict geometric shape - square, rectangular, a variety of sizes - from small, corresponding to a window, to a continuous type of glazing that spans the entire height, width of the wall of the protected room.
• In the form of an arch, most often a small protection area.
• Solid frameless or partially structured panoramic structures, often used for external translucent cladding of modern high-rise buildings.

In addition, external and internal entrance groups can be made from fire-resistant stained glass structures, including those that act as fire-fighting vestibules. They can be used to fill strip and dome skylights for smoke removal and natural lighting; and also as glazed parts of building coatings, rarely fire-proof ceilings of objects.

What it is

Fire-resistant stained glass is one of the types of self-supporting external or internal structures of a building, transparent to light, with the required fire resistance limit, used for fencing and separating premises of the building volumes of protected objects; or a fire-resistant element for protecting openings in fire barriers, made of light-transmitting elements.

Fireproof stained glass windows

In appearance, such fire-resistant structures do not differ in any way from other types of stained glass structures that have become an integral element of modern administrative, commercial, and sports buildings.

This is due to their design and the composition of the parts included in it:

• All of them are non-flammable, right down to the sealing elements.
• Instead of the usual display glass used to fill large window and wall openings, various types of fire-resistant (fire-resistant) glass are used.

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Fire barriers in buildings

Depending on the configuration, geometric dimensions, and installation locations, such fire-resistant structures are used both in the installation of modern stylish building facades and in the form of filling openings in walls; the construction of fire-resistant entrance groups, as well as the creation of glass fire-resistant partitions that perform cutting and separating rooms into fire sections, including working as smoke-tight diaphragms.