Construction of plastic windows. What is included in the design of a PVC window

In order to have a clear idea of what is included in the design of a plastic window, it is necessary to consider each of its components separately. As you know, without the smooth and uninterrupted operation of all elements, the operation of a PVC window would be uncomfortable or even impossible.

Let us list the details and components of the plastic window design.

Frame;
Sash;
Double-glazed window;
Accessories;
Rubber seals;
Bead;
Impost;
Shtulp.

Frame.

The frame includes a plastic profile reinforced from the inside with a steel reinforced profile. The first one is welded at the joining points, while the second one, reinforcing, does not reach the joining zone.

The welding of plastic profiles is so strong that in factory conditions, when testing the bending of a welded seam, after this operation, it remains unharmed, while the tested PVC structure begins to crack in the weakest point. The connection between the plastic and steel reinforced profiles inside the structure occurs using self-tapping screws. The task of the frame is to ensure maximum rigidity of the installed block , taking into account the weight loads acting on it from all elements of the plastic window.

Classification

Based on the type of materials used, structures are divided into wooden, wooden-aluminium, aluminum and plastic.

In addition, each of these types is used in a specific area and includes certain advantages and disadvantages.

Plastic windows are great for glazing offices, shop windows, industrial and other non-residential buildings. In addition, their cost is quite low and they require almost no maintenance. Among the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting the inconsistency of the structures used with the climate conditions of some regions and the low percentage of environmental friendliness.

Aluminum is mainly used for equipment of industrial buildings, facade design, public and other non-residential buildings. They are also equipped with shopping pavilions. Among the advantages of these building structures, it is worth highlighting a long service life, the possibility of glazing large areas, etc. However, they are generally not used in residential premises.

An important quality of a window system is its appearance.

Wooden windows are widely used in the construction of residential buildings. The advantages lie in decent thermal insulation qualities, environmental friendliness, and excellent external design (meaning windows of modern designs, created from high-quality building materials using the triple glazing method). The disadvantages of such structures are their high susceptibility to atmospheric influences. This is especially true in an urban environment, as a result of which it is necessary to frequently repair and paint windows. However, with the advent of current paint and varnish materials on the market, the problem is resolved and the structures retain their original appearance and strength for a long time.

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Sash.

In the sash, as well as in the frame, in addition to plastic, there is also a reinforced profile. The need for a sash as part of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) structure is due to the ability of the window to open/close.

Window title and its functions

The window title is a rectangular area located at the top of the window that contains the name of the window.

Header functions:

Informational (the window title contains the name of the application, document or dialog box, which allows the user to distinguish windows);
Moving a window (drag and drop with the left mouse button on the window title allows you to move the window);
Discrete window resizing (double-clicking on the title bar expands the window to full screen, double-clicking again restores the original size of the window).

Accessories.

You can read about what window fittings are and what they include in the previous article. In short, the term “hardware” refers to all the movable and fixed metal components of a window unit. The presence of fittings in a plastic window device, among other things, is dictated by the need to install the sash of the structure in three positions: turning, tilting and turning and tilting.

PVC structure

A plastic window can be created from various types of fittings and profiles, varying in brand, price and quality.

PVC construction diagram.

Main details:

The reinforcing type profile is presented in the form of a reinforced metal pipe with a rectangular cross-section (other profiles have a cheap and weakened U-shaped profile), which is located in the inner part of the PVC profile. It is used to give rigidity to the structure and securely fasten the fittings.
Impost is a profile attached to the sides of the frame (in specific cases, sash), which separates the double-glazed windows or sashes.
The ebb tide is a wide and flat profile that is mounted in the outer part and is created in order to drain rainwater. Tides can come in a variety of colors and materials. For example, polyester, plastisol, galvanized, aluminum.
Slope is a wide and flat profile used for thorough finishing of the inside of the side planes of the opening.
An opening is an area in the wall intended for the installation of one or more blocks. Its structure may require the installation of slopes, ebbs, seals and window sill boards.
The frame is a stationary plastic part that is used to fasten the sashes.
The sash is a moving part that can be opened in some ways (rotary, transom, tilt-and-turn).
Double-glazed window - glass sealed together in a hermetically sealed manner. If made from plastic, glass 4 mm thick is used. Moreover, glass with a thickness of 5 or 6 mm and triplex, which is two sheets of glass that are fastened with a transparent film (due to the triple layer, acquired its name), can be used; triplex is able to withstand fairly strong impacts. The double-glazed window can be either single-chamber or double-chamber type.
The fittings include hinges, handles, locking mechanisms and auxiliary devices that ensure the opening and fixation of the sashes in a specific position or lock them. The method of opening the sash and ventilation modes depend on the type of fittings. The highest quality types of modern fittings can last over 25 years.
Profile width - the maximum distance between the inner and outer face planes of the profile.
The bead is a narrow plastic profile with a rubber seal that holds the glass unit in place.

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Double-glazed window.

Today, not a single modern window, be it plastic or wooden, can do without a double-glazed window. In this article you can read in detail “What is a double-glazed window.” Briefly speaking, this is the light-transmitting element of the window (its transparent part). A double-glazed window includes two or more glasses that form so-called chambers. Two glasses form one chamber. In turn, the number of cameras on the ordered product, depending on the client’s wishes, can vary from 1 to 3.

To give the glass unit optimal parameters for thermal conductivity and noise insulation, a special gas is pumped into the internal cavity of the chamber. This light-transmitting structure differs both in the width and thickness of the installed glass, and in the properties incorporated into it (energy-saving, anti-burglary, etc.). The most complete information about them is disclosed in the articles “Types of double-glazed windows” and “Characteristics of double-glazed windows.”

Size buttons

Size buttons are buttons located at the right border of the header, used to resize the window and close it.

Collapse button . Minimize button minimizes the window and removes it from the Desktop to the Taskbar , while the application remains open and continues to run. You can maximize the window again by clicking on the corresponding button on the Taskbar .

To minimize all open windows, you need to click the Minimize all windows on the Quick Launch panel on the right side.

Expand button . Maximize button switches the window to full screen mode. In this case, the Maximize turns into a Minimize window .

Minimize window button . Clicking this button places the window in an intermediate state (that is, smaller than full-screen, but not minimized), which is called normal window mode.

Close button . Clicking the Close closes the window.

The purpose of the buttons is presented in the table below:

Button	Result of clicking this button
Collapse	Minimizes the window
Expand	Switches the window to full screen mode
Roll out the window	Returns the window to normal mode
Close	Closes the window

Rubber seals.

Rubber seals serve to seal the entire structure. When properly installed, they provide protection from water and wind ingress. If they are not properly fixed, this may be one of the reasons why it is blowing from the window. Their location is the junction of the glazing bead with the glass, the frame and the sash.

Components

A window is a part of a roof or wall structure, created to visually unite the internal space with the outside world, natural lighting of the premises, ventilation, protection from various irritants (the influence of noise and atmosphere).

The structure consists of the following elements:

opening with slopes;
block;
installation joint sealing systems;
drain parts;
facings.

The frame design is an assembly part of a block, including bars (profiles) connected to each other using rigid corner connections: glue, welding, spikes, mechanical connections and others. The block is a translucent type structure, which is created for natural lighting in the room, its ventilation and protection against noise and atmospheric influences.

The block consists of certain assembly elements:

casement parts and frames;
built-in ventilation systems.

In addition, it may include some auxiliary components: blinds, shutters and others.

Shtulp.

A plastic profile similar to an impost, however, unlike the latter, is attached not to the frame, but to the sash, which is why it is outwardly invisible. Allows you to keep the window opening free when opening two sashes at once, without any vertical dividers.

The article examined the main elements of the design of a plastic window. In continuation of this topic, we recommend that you read the articles “What high-quality PVC windows should include” and “Accessories for PVC windows”.

Discussion: 4 comments

Vasya:
04/29/2016 at 16:43
very helpful thanks
Answer
Author of the article:
06/19/2016 at 14:09
My pleasure!
Answer
Nikolay:
09/10/2016 at 14:19
Dear author! Please tell us more about the tilt and turn position of the sash
Answer
Nikolai:
10/30/2020 at 01:32 pm
After the “ventilation” position, the window does not close tightly. The upper fittings click and do not close the window sash tightly. What should I do? Help me please!
Answer

Which manufacturer's profile should I choose?

In this matter, it is worth focusing on the manufacturer’s reputation by studying reviews of its products and documents confirming their quality. Today, even well-known world brands present economical options for window systems on the Russian market, which are inappropriate for installation in regions where the temperature can drop below - 20°C.

It is important to understand that market leaders offer PVC profiles with approximately the same characteristics. There are no striking differences. Therefore, we recommend choosing a profile not only based on the popularity of the brand, but first of all, based on the ratio of characteristics and cost that window companies will offer you.

Leading manufacturers that consistently guarantee the quality of their profiles are:

Salamander are quite expensive windows. The same brand produces Brugmann glazing. It sells colored and white profiles with a width from 60 mm to 92 mm, with anti-burglary fittings of class RC2, seals that protect against class 9A rainfall, and wind protection class B4-C4.
Schüco produces aluminum and plastic windows with a thermal insulation coefficient of 0.8 to 1.6 W/(m2 K) and a frame width of 70-82 mm. Offers aluminum trims. Indicators: waterproofing 9A, burglary protection RC2, resistance to wind loads C5/B5.
Rehau is a popular European brand that guarantees the service life of its structures for up to 60 years. The line of profiles is represented by 7 models, widths from 60 to 86 mm in different colors with 2-3 sealing contours. Recently, counterfeits of this brand have often been found.
Kaleva - Russian-made windows from our own 70 mm profile systems. They are distinguished by their simplicity and original technologies, increased translucency and thermal insulation (0.83 m²•˚С/W). Offers various unique design and innovative solutions.
Deceuninck is a Belgian manufacturer of frost-resistant windows that retain all their properties even at -60 °C and have ISO quality certificates. Mounting depth of profiles is from 60 to 84 mm. They are distinguished by their white surface, durability and high-quality seals.
Montblanc positions its products as environmentally friendly and fireproof. Consumers like it for its elegant rounded design and sufficient reliability. The width of the profiles varies from 60 to 120 mm. offers a variety of colors, but the sound insulation characteristics are average.
Veka is one of the popular brands whose factories have the pan-European RAL quality certificate, and not just ISO certificates. The profiles are distinguished by their matte surface and width from 58 to 82 mm, environmental friendliness and versatility. A wide range of designs takes into account the characteristics of all regions of Russia.
KBE produces profiles with a width of 58-88 mm, with guaranteed frost resistance and an average level of sound insulation. Due to the favorable price-quality combination, these designs are widely used.
Check out other brands in a separate section of our catalog.

Read on the topic: Which profile is better for plastic windows?