The casement window is a reliable and practical innovation

Most manufacturers of plastic windows make standard budget models, which differ in size and type of glass block. All windows are equipped with an impost - this is a special vertical partition that divides the window into several parts, with shut-off valves installed in it.

Such windows are bulky, large, require proper care, and the design is complex. Due to the vertical partition, the degree of lighting in the room is reduced.

Modern engineering technologies make it possible to produce frame windows. They do not have an impost and can open in different directions like classic double doors. They can be opened either for micro-ventilation or horizontally, like a regular window.

Thanks to the open glass sheet, the degree of illumination is much higher, and a minimum of components reduces the need for warranty repairs and regular maintenance.

What is a frame window

This is a design with a false impost. There is no vertical partition. Fixing and turning fittings are installed on the sash on the inside. In fact, one sash plays the role of an impost, and the other - a retainer.

A distinctive feature of a window with a shutter is that in order to open completely, you must first turn the handle and swing open the first sash. Then open the pin lock using the lever, which is often installed at the bottom of the structure. But there are models where the lever is installed on top. This is done in order to protect the window from penetration, because thieves will rarely disassemble a frame window into parts and look for levers.

The sash with the frame installed can only be turned. Folding structures are not provided, as is plastic protection. This type of window can only be double-hung. It is installed in window openings of various sizes, and the optimal fittings are selected based on the glass block parameters, which are quite expensive.

A hinge connection is a part of a window or door structure that is designed to tightly connect the sashes to each other without a vertical sash (impost) in the middle.

Why are frame windows made?

1. Visual increase in usable area of ​​the room;
2. It is possible to bring in large items, such as sofas or assembled furniture;
3. The degree of room illumination increases;
4. Reduces the risk of frame deformation during burglary.

Functional double glazed windows

Functional double-glazed windows can be used as translucent filling:

energy-saving double glazing

Provides heat retention in the room and savings on heating. A special low-emission coating reflects thermal waves from the surface of the glass, preventing them from escaping into the external environment.

multifunctional double glazed window

Thanks to the silver-containing coating, it is able to reflect heat into an environment with a higher temperature index. In winter, the room will be warm, in summer, even if the windows face the sunny side, it will be cool.

soundproof double glazed window

It has a special structure that muffles external noise. With closed doors it provides a comfortable environment even if the building is located near a source of constant noise.

Armored glass unit

Due to a special film or glass, triplex is characterized by high resistance to damage - both accidental and intentional, increasing the safety and reliability of the structure. And fragments, even if they form, will be retained by the film.

Features of the design of frame windows

Considering that the frame is installed on a passive sash, it should be secured and hidden as efficiently as possible. This is the peculiarity of the window design. Levers are quite expensive; they require special niches in a plastic frame and latches. Therefore, they buy lever systems for balcony windows and verandas. For ordinary windows, double-hung windows with a latch are perfect.

An espagnolette is a simple, reliable, compact device for opening windows. There are always two bolts installed at the top and bottom of the frame. Thus, the active sash is opened with a regular handle, like in a classic plastic window, and the passive sash is opened with the help of latches. No other locking fittings are provided. Closed bolts, when installed correctly and with high-quality frame seals, ensure complete sealing of the window.

Another design option is mechanical traction. It is installed on the upper rebate, the fixing rings are mounted on the top and bottom. As a locking element, the rod is not reliable, it is difficult to adjust, and it is expensive.

An alternative to traction is a pneumatic closer. This is already an expensive design. The closer closes the window smoothly, without jerking or impact. On the other hand, it is necessary to install additional clamps so that the passive sash does not slam shut and the glass block does not deform.

What is an impost

To simplify the formulation as much as possible, a window impost is a reinforcing element of a window structure, which simultaneously divides the opening into separate sections. It serves as a kind of bridge between different parts of the frame and significantly increases the rigidity of the window. Depending on the method and location of installation, imposts are divided into:

• vertical;
• horizontal;
• balcony;
• decorative.

Although it is generally accepted that a decorative impost does not carry any functional load, but only divides the window into separate parts, this is not entirely true. In reality, such elements still perform one important function - they participate in fixing double-glazed windows. This type of decorative profile is used quite rarely. It is mainly installed to ensure symmetry, and only in fixed windows with a sufficiently large area do these elements allow a more even distribution of the load exerted on the frame by the double-glazed windows.

Advantages of frame windows

• Reducing the central partition, in some cases even 50 mm, plays an important role;
• High degree of protection against burglary;
• The versatility of the locking mechanism design: the lock can be installed on one leaf or on both;
• An excellent solution for window systems with design solutions. Indeed, in polygonal or round windows, the vertical strip does not look very aesthetically pleasing, to put it mildly;
• Price. Despite the expensive fittings, the window itself is quite cheap, because there are no vertical strips, fewer horizontal pins, and the glass block has a simple design without many seals;
• The locking mechanism is quite difficult for a non-specialist to see, because the design is hidden. To find the levers, you will have to disassemble the frame, and if it is monolithic, then you cannot do without an angle grinder and wire cutters;
• Casement windows do not require long and expensive maintenance. There are no cracks or hard-to-reach places for washing, dust does not get on the frame due to additional sealing, and the doors can be opened completely;
• The windows have a high level of sound insulation;
• When installed on a balcony or loggia, the space of the room is significantly saved.

Myths about the glass window - finding the truth

The frame window is a relative novelty on the market of metal-plastic structures, and therefore all its features are surrounded by myths.

In particular, some consider this design to be overly complex and less reliable compared to standard windows - it is argued that a locking mechanism of this type cannot provide high-quality fixation of the sashes. Perhaps this was exactly the case when the design appeared, but today this problem is no longer relevant - a locking mechanism that is well thought out from a structural and functional point of view ensures the reliability, tightness and durability of the entire structure.

If the process of using a shutter window does not seem very convenient to you, the element is supplemented with a chain drive, which allows you to use a remote control to open and close the sashes. You can also install a parallel-sliding hardware mechanism, thanks to which you can easily handle even heavy and large sashes.

Note: The shutter protects your home from outside intrusion much more practically and better, since it closes much more reliably than a standard window. There will be no drafts, no backlash, or weak joints. But for this, all installation work must be carried out by a specialist.

The only real drawback of a frame window may be a weak fit when installing a mosquito net on it - however, this “defect” can be easily eliminated by using an additional layer of sealant. In any case, all these design nuances are not enough to refuse a spectacular window that provides a real panoramic view.

Why are casement windows difficult to break into?

Burglars don't like casement windows because of their design. First of all, all the fittings are internal. To get to it, you need to disassemble the window frame. This process takes a long time without the proper skills.

The active and passive sashes have their own stiffening and protection ribs, the bolt lock secures both sashes with a snap, and the active one also with bolt blocks. The result is a monolithic structure with at least four points of protection, which are technically very difficult to open.

Methods of fastening imposts

Imposts are fixed in window sashes using welded or mechanical methods.
Before this, the jumper profiles are pre-milled. It is believed that welded technology is preferable because it provides structures with greater rigidity and reliability. In addition, this method increases the level of window tightness. The welding of the profile into the frame is carried out by thermal heating of individual structural elements, which are connected to each other under the influence of high temperatures. Using this technology, both structural and visual integrity of the bindings is achieved. The mechanical method is simpler than welding and does not require the use of complex equipment. After milling, the impost is inserted into the frame and fixed with self-tapping screws. A special connector between the impost and the frame is used as fasteners. Such elements provide the required density of contact between parts and the strength of the joints. Using this technology, both vertical and horizontal imposts can be fixed inside the binding.

Opening windows with a hinge - the main disadvantages

Oddly enough, they simply do not exist as such. Yes, for many buyers the price becomes an insurmountable barrier. But, if you compare the pricing policy of ordinary plastic windows and frame windows, then the difference will be almost imperceptible.

Another disadvantage is the alternate opening of the doors. But one door can be used more often, and the other less often. So it’s worth asking the designers to make the one that opens more often the active door. In summer, there may be a problem with installing a mosquito net.

Considering that there is no gap in the frame, then the mesh will have to be installed on top of the window using special sealing rubber bands.

Considering only a few disadvantages with a large number of advantages, the use of casement windows is justified.

Minuses

The designs do not have a large list of negative characteristics. Disadvantages of frame windows:

• alternate opening method;
• difficulty in installing mosquito nets.

Basically, the only significant drawback can be considered the insufficient tightness of the mosquito net.

But this disadvantage can be easily eliminated with the help of a colorless sealant - silicone or liquid nails. The materials are transparent, invisible and harden instantly, but problems may arise with removing the mesh.

Slab balcony doors with through openings

As an option for windows with a shutter, doors work similarly. Moreover, the design of the door is slightly different from the window.

Despite the absence of an impost, fasteners are installed in the lower or upper edge of the canvas. This is done in order to reduce the risk of frame destruction. It is used in plastic, metal-plastic and wooden structures; it is not practical to use for all-metal or armored frames due to the large mass of the canvas and too expensive locking fittings.

Also, many designers practice using doors with different widths. Such techniques are often used when designing automatic sliding doors with electromechanical closers. The operation of the door is controlled not only by humans, but also by fire safety automation.

All the design details

So, what is a shtulp? This is a special plastic profile, the purpose of which is to connect 2 window sashes. The frame is attached not to the frame, but to the sash, which allows for a completely open window opening when the sash is open.

Such a window consists of active and passive sashes. The active sash can be tilt-and-turn, tilt-and-turn, or only rotary, and the passive one opens only after the active one is opened.

Comparison of the design of two types of windows

There are several mechanisms for a latch window, the most economical and simple among which is the latch . In this case, these fittings are installed in the upper and lower parts of the dependent sash. Thanks to a special handle (as in a standard window), the active sash is set in motion, and the passive sash is used to open and close the latches.

In the case when the latches are open, the sash will have free movement, and closed ones will fix it in a reliable, sealed position. The passive sash can also be opened thanks to a rod located on the rebate - in this case, the locking points will be installed at the top and bottom and the sash will be activated in just one movement.

So, the pin connection guarantees a wide panoramic view and makes the plastic structure more reliable. This is an indispensable element in non-standard interiors, decorated with triangular, oval, multifaceted windows. In addition, this is the best solution for balconies.

Thanks to the frame window, any interior will become individual and aesthetic. As for operation, this type of design is incredibly practical and burglar-resistant, because the locking system here is reliably hidden from prying eyes. All these qualities can only be provided by high-quality fittings. It is clear that the double-glazed windows here must be “at the level”, and installation by specialists should not be refused, so as not to provoke distortions, damage, and so on.

A frame window will be an ideal solution not only for city apartments and their balconies, but also for private houses, allowing you to use a full-fledged window opening.

What is a microlift and how does it work?

A microlift is a special device for microventilation through doors or plastic windows. In the bevel mechanism, the microlift also performs other functions, in addition to ensuring active air flow:

• Reduces the load on the upper hinges, relaxing them, and thus reduces the degree of wear;
• Provides protection against the “childish” factor. The microlift is designed in such a way that the child needs to turn the window handle in a strictly prescribed manner. Otherwise, the window simply will not open or the turning mechanism will break;
• Provides for quick manual height adjustment of hinges;
• Significantly increases the reliability of the design as a whole and reduces the load on the executive parts.

The bevel mechanisms themselves are complex structures, where each element is strictly installed for its intended purpose and performs its functions. Considering the heavy loads on the elements of windows and doors, the material of the frame must be strong enough.

Therefore, fittings are made from special stainless and galvanized steel, and chrome, nickel or silver plating is additionally used. And on top, the fittings are covered with technical wax, which serves as additional insulation against the penetration of air and moisture into the pores of the metal.

Accessories for sliding doors

Special requirements are placed on fittings, because the reliability, durability and quality of operation of the sashes depend on them. Therefore, the best option would be German-made fittings:

• Roto. It has 6 locking pins and built-in protection against the sash slamming, is designed for 20 thousand closing-opening cycles, has an anti-corrosion coating, the durability of which is designed for 240 hours.
• Siegenia Aubi. It has 4 locking pins and built-in protection against the sash slamming, is designed for 20 thousand closing-opening cycles, has an anti-corrosion coating, the durability of which is designed for 240 hours.

Major breakdowns of frame windows

• Violation of the geometry of the hinges can be corrected with a regular level and a screwdriver;
• The handle gets stuck. Disassemble the lock, lubricate the parts or replace the damaged spring;
• Failure of fixation in the striker plates. Occurs due to deformation of the side clamps. If the angle of inclination exceeds 10 degrees, then the vertical guides need to be replaced; they no longer perform their function;
• Loose fit of the sash to the frame. The reason is a violation of the geometry of the sash, the solution is a regular screwdriver and machine lubricant.

How does a shtulp differ from an impost?

Framed doors and windows, unlike impost ones, have a slightly different design. Instead of a vertical fixed partition between the sashes (impost), they use a shtulp - a movable profile. The frame is attached to one leaf, which is called passive. The second is called active and is equipped with a handle. The active sash can be rotated, tilted and installed for micro-ventilation. Passive - just turn around.

The frame is fastened using self-tapping screws. The upper and lower sections of the profile are closed with plugs: this eliminates the appearance of a gap between the frame and the shim.

Window with frame in section

Window with impost

Fittings for frame windows and doors made of plastic

The frame models are equipped with special fittings.

• Espagnols. They are placed on the frame profile in the lower and upper parts of the passive sash. When the latch is closed, its retractable profile fits into the hole in the strike plate. When the doors are closed, the latches are not visible from the outside. They can only be accessed by opening the active leaf.
• The handle installed on the active sash is the same as in mullion (ordinary) windows.
• Mechanical rod rod (lock), consisting of fixing rings mounted on the upper fold of the rod at the top and bottom. The advantage is that the handle for opening the passive sash is located only in the lower part of the hinge, in contrast to the bolts, which are located at the top and bottom. This option is used more often than others, although it is not the most reliable.
• A pneumatic closer that allows the doors to close smoothly. When using it, it is necessary to install additional clamps on glass windows in order to eliminate the risk of deformation of the glass block due to the sharp slamming of the passive sash.
• Microlift is a device designed for micro-ventilation. It allows you to slightly tilt the active sash so that a small gap appears for the passage of air from the street. Microfleet in frame models also helps reduce the load on the hinges in the upper part of the window frame, which increases their service life.

Since the fittings of sliding balcony doors bear a significant load, they must be very durable. Such devices are made of special stainless steel. The surface of the parts is hot-dip galvanized, chrome-plated, nickel-plated or silver-plated. Additionally, metal parts are treated with technical wax: this helps create additional insulation.

Examples of casement windows and doors

Window with latch bolts

Window with latch bolts

Window with bolt lock

Door with bolt lock

Microlift in a frame window with MACO fittings

Design Features

To open a mullionless shutter window, you first need to press the handle of the active sash and swing it open. After this, it is necessary to move the latch or mechanical traction lock so that the passive sash opens.

Shtulpovy shutters can open inside the room and outside.

Advantages

Casement windows have a number of advantages that make such structures especially in demand.

• Panoramic view: the absence of an impost between the doors allows you to admire the surrounding landscape without interference.
• More light enters the room. This is again due to design features. Even when the sashes are closed, the lintel between them is much narrower than in mullion windows.
• Increased burglary resistance. The shulpovy mechanism more reliably protects the room from unauthorized entry.
• Easier care. Cleaning windows is much easier than traditional PVC models. You can open the door indoors and wash it comfortably.
• Wide opening, which makes it possible to use hinged doors or windows to carry large items.
• Long service life, comparable to conventional impost models.
• The doors close tightly, preventing dust, moisture, cold and noise from entering the room.

Punch opening: main disadvantages

In addition to their advantages, hinged doors and windows have certain features that can be considered limitations.

• The width of the sash cannot exceed 75 centimeters. Otherwise, the window will not be able to effectively protect the room from wind, cold, dust and noise.
• Another disadvantage of frame windows is their higher cost compared to mullion windows. Such models cost about 10 percent more, which is explained by the higher price of the fittings set.
• You can only install a mosquito net over the entire opening. And since there is no gap in the frame, you will have to mount it on top of the window using special rubber seals.
• The doors need to be opened in turn: first the active one, then the passive one. This “disadvantage” can be easily compensated for if you foresee in advance which doors you will open more often.

Why are casement windows and doors difficult to break into?

As practice shows, double-hung windows and doors are much less likely to be subject to burglary attempts. And if someone decides to enter the room without an invitation, it will be much more difficult to do so than through windows with an impost.

The reason for the higher resistance of shulpovy systems to burglary lies in the design features. All locking fittings are located inside the frame: on the inner surface of the frame profile. Getting to it and opening the window is much more difficult than in impost models.

A hinged window is protected at least at four points: the hinged lock, the crossbar blocks of the active sash, and the sash stiffeners.

Major breakdowns

If windows with frames are installed according to all the rules, there will be no problems with their operation. However, over time, some irregularities may appear.

• Changing the geometry of loops. To fix the damage, you simply need to tighten the bolts with a screwdriver, hexagon or asterisk so that the frame takes a strictly vertical position. You can check this using a level.
• Handle jamming. The violation is eliminated by disassembling the lock, lubricating its parts or changing the spring if it is damaged.
• Problems with fixation in strike plates. This may happen because the side clamps are deformed. If the angle of inclination exceeds ten degrees, it is necessary to change the guides located vertically.
• The sash does not fit tightly to the frame. This happens because the geometry of the sash is broken. In this case, tighten the hinge bolts and lubricate them with oil.

Shtulpovy door - what is it, features of repair

With the advent of mechanisms for plastic windows on the market, which allow them to be manufactured without an impost, ordinary double doors are called hinged doors. To understand the problem, let us clarify: an impost is a vertical support and dividing post between the window sashes. The desire to have a wide and free window, devoid of this vertical post, led to the development of a locking mechanism, which was called the shtulp.

The frame is a special overhead profile, rigidly fixed to one of the door leaves. The first frames of modern design appeared on German windows, then other manufacturers of fittings for windows and doors began to use them. The task that the door lock solves is to ensure precise locking and unlocking of doors.

In everyday practice, plastic, aluminum, wood and steel doors are used. Single doors are most common, but double doors are also made for country houses. In offices and places with large crowds of people, double or double doors are also used. Double doors often come in different door leaf widths. Such doors are called shtulpovye. For normal operation of doors, hinged mechanisms are used.

The hinge mechanism in modern doors performs the following functions:

• fixes one leaf (door) motionless in the frame (door frame);
• when closing the main leaf (door), it ensures its reliable locking.

The most recent years of development have used micro-lifts.

The microlift in the beam mechanism performs special additional functions:

• when closing, it smoothly lifts the sash, which reduces the load on the top hinge;
• prevents erroneous turning of the handle and avoids the occurrence of unforeseen situations and protects the entire mechanism from damage;
• the height position of the executives is easily adjusted;
• increases the reliability of structures, reduces friction and load in the door locking mechanism.

The frame on plastic doors is made in the form of a profile superimposed on the door leaf, which opens less often or is more often in the closed state. Lever mechanisms are rather complex lever systems that require careful installation in the door. It is very important to correctly mark the strikers. The locking elements are secured in the strike plates.

The mechanisms themselves are made of steel, covered with three layers of protective coatings:

• Zinc coating is a thin and durable layer of zinc. It protects the fittings from rust;
• silver chrome plating – it provides additional protection against corrosion;
• wax coating – wax penetrates the elements at the molecular level and lasts for several decades. Some manufacturers use varnishes instead of wax, which deteriorate after three to four years.

During the operation of hinged doors, sometimes there are disturbances in the operation of the mechanism, which the user can eliminate independently. Such violations include:

• violation of fixation in the counter strips;
• loose fit of the working sash plane to the fixed sash and frame;
• sticking of the handle in any position.

Casement window with two handles

If the fixation of the door leaves in the strikers is broken, you should carefully examine all the available strikers in the open state.

Threaded connections may become loose. They are very easy to tighten with a screwdriver. The procedure will take a maximum of three to five minutes.

The loose fit of the door leaves is adjusted using a hex key, which the door manufacturer must provide to the consumer when installing doors in a building. Using this key, you can adjust the locking planes of the door leaves.

This operation is performed as a preventive procedure once every six months. When performing this, you need to be guided by the diagrams that the manufacturer must provide along with the passport on the door.

Sticking of the handle in any position is a consequence of a violation of the door fixation in the strikers. If such a symptom appears, you should carefully inspect the frame and door frame.

The door mechanisms should be lubricated approximately once a year. Sewing machine oil is used for lubrication.

According to the diagram attached to the door passport, two or three drops of oil should be applied to the indicated points. Excess oil is removed with a soft cloth. The lubricant performs the function of removing microcontaminants from the friction zone and allows the metal levers to move relative to each other through a thin film of oil - wet contact.

If there is no wet contact, then metal-to-metal friction occurs, which leads to wear of the mating elements.

Source: streetokna.ru

Accessories and mechanisms

The sashes of a frame window are essentially supported only by hinges, so special requirements are placed on their quality, and certain types of steel are used for production. To prevent the sashes from sagging during operation, special components are provided - microlifts .

A roller microlift attached to the bottom of the sash will prevent the windows from sagging

The active sash is equipped with conventional window fittings for tilt-and-turn structures. A false impost and one of the types of locking mechanisms are attached to the passive part:

• Espagnols. Installed at the bottom and top of the frame. Simple, inexpensive and reliable fittings for fixation. With high-quality installation, the bolts ensure a tight fit of the sash and complete tightness of the window block. With this design, the active sash is opened using a handle, as on a standard plastic window. When the latch is closed, the passive part remains in a fixed state. When the latch is open, the sash is free to move. The latest modifications of MACO brand latch bolts have an automatic locking function when the swing-out flap is closed;

• Mechanical traction. Installed on the flange of the passive sash frame from below and from above. When the active part is opened due to the action of mechanical traction, the passive sash immediately swings open;

• Pneumatic closer. Allows the sash to close smoothly and without jerking. It is a more expensive type of fittings; for correct operation it is necessary to install additional latches to prevent accidental closing of the sash;
• Case with handle. Innovative and ergonomic type of fittings. A trim is installed along the entire perimeter of the dependent sash for contour locking. This solution improves the fit, tightness and anti-burglary characteristics of the entire structure.

Shtulpovy window with two handles Double tilting mechanism. The latest development of a window fittings manufacturing company. Makes it possible to switch both doors to tilt mode with one movement of the handle.

Double tilting function
As a result, thanks to special locking fittings, the window design with a shutter has a light, airy appearance, while at the same time a high degree of reliability and security.

Windows without impost - scope of application

Impostless glazing is suitable for apartments, office premises, loggias and balconies. They can often be found in country houses, hotels, and shopping centers. The designs are relevant when creating non-standard designs with geometrically complex window openings, for example, if an old house is being restored.

The popularity of PVC frames is explained by their reliability and safety. Their installation makes it possible to enjoy the beautiful view outside the window and ensure maximum light penetration into the room. In addition, they will last a century.

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