PVC window installation technology in accordance with GOST

When installing plastic window blocks, it is necessary to monitor the following basic parameters:

• fastening window blocks to the opening;
• filling the installation gap between the surface of the wall opening and the planes of the frame of the window block (installation seam);
• arrangement of junction points for window blocks.

Let us highlight the main requirements of regulatory documents that regulate these parameters.

Requirements for the installation of PVC window blocks are established in the following regulatory documents:

• GOST 30971-2012 Assembly seams of junctions of window blocks to wall openings. General technical conditions
• GOST R 52749-2007. Window assembly joints with vapor-permeable self-expanding tapes. Specifications

Let us highlight the most important points of these regulatory documents that need to be monitored during the installation of window blocks from PVC profiles and monitoring its quality.

What it is

Installation of double-glazed windows in compliance with all requirements gives the product a guarantee. This is useful when hired workers are involved in the process.

An agreement is concluded with them, which states that the installation of plastic windows must be carried out in accordance with GOST.

Requirements and recommendations

If craftsmen are hired for the work, they install the products according to the standard. By law, all templates are respected. But often, each individual case is discussed.

To install

If a worker performs a procedure according to all the rules, then he must maintain appropriate documentation.

GOST for PVC windows 30971 talks about the following standards:

• filling the assembly seam;
• size of the gap between the profile and the opening;
• the dimensions of the opening itself;
• installation of the structure;
• general installation rules;
• correct maintenance of documents;
• guarantee.

When performing work, all of the above standards are observed.

To the window opening

According to the requirements, the window opening must be completely level. Most often, this is possible if the structures are installed in a new house.

Replacement may be difficult. The thing is that the opening transforms over time. It is affected by temperature, wind and other natural conditions.

During dismantling, you may find that the plaster has crumbled and the bricks have been chipped. In order to comply with all standards, it is necessary to prepare the opening for subsequent manipulations.

The surface must be cleaned of old plaster and treated again. After complete drying, apply a primer and leave to dry again. Only then can you begin the main process.

To the assembly seam

Its standards consist of two main rules. First of all, it must be resistant to external influences. The connecting part of the structure has its own characteristics: heat and sound insulation, water resistance.

According to standards, the seam is divided into three parts:

• interior;
• central;
• outer.

Each layer has its own purpose. Thanks to the exterior, moisture does not enter the joint. Central - has thermal insulation. Internal - aimed at vapor barrier.

SNiP for metal-plastic windows

State standards regarding plastic windows and balcony doors are specified in GOST 30637. It is a regulatory act for the installation of a single structure equipped with double-glazed windows in any building or structure.

These rules apply to all products whose glass is in the form of a sheet and is suitable for a heated room where heating is not provided.

The standards of GOST 30637 are not suitable for attic window units equipped with doors that open in a sliding manner. Also excluded are units with a special purpose that meet fire safety requirements, with burglary protection and other devices.

A certain brand of product and its purpose are accepted in relation to operating conditions. The requirements are established in accordance with the current norms and regulations of the construction field, additionally taking into account standard 23166. It regulates the mandatory implementation of all points.

General requirements

There are a lot of rules and regulations for the installation of the product. If they are observed, the profile will be assembled in accordance with GOST for the installation of plastic windows. The company that will carry out the work must have special instructions.

They are developed by special institutions. After this, the instructions are checked by construction management organizations.

The design must correspond to the building design or be approved by its author. Before starting the process, check the condition of the walls, heating and ventilation systems.

The standards stipulate that organizations regularly conduct tests of the assembly seam. Unfortunately, even if such systems exist, no one adheres to this rule.

Basic Standards

Compliance of windows with GOST is a very important fact in the construction of residential and public buildings. All state standards were developed for the purpose of carrying out any production processes in accordance with accepted and proven technological activities.

GOST supports the safety of work, ensures the reliability and strength of the structure to be installed. According to the developed state standards, each stage of work on the installation of window joint ventures is carried out: from choosing the type of mounted block to the requirements for preparing the surface where the installation will be carried out.

The sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 include the following standards for living conditions in a residential building or premises:

• the movement of ventilation in a residential building is carried out by an influx of air that penetrates a window, transom or corresponding opening that has window sashes and a ventilation system. Exhaust ducts must be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, toilet and drying chamber;
• the degree of noise effects created by external factors in a living space is taken into account, according to measurements, when the window sash, transom or window is open.

Installation

It is recommended to entrust the installation of plastic windows in accordance with GOST according to the instructions to professionals.

Before you begin, you need to take correct measurements. It is better to entrust this procedure to the craftsmen, who will later handle the installation.

In addition, there is a significant note in the measurements. It is much better to measure a clean window opening, without plaster or other materials, so that the readings are as accurate as possible.

After this, they acquire a profile and begin to dismantle the old frame and double-glazed windows. Next, the clean window opening is prepared for the installation of a new structure - they are puttied, cracks and irregularities are sealed.

The new product is pre-installed by removing the glass. This assembly has its advantages and disadvantages. The glass surface of the bag may be damaged if it is removed and then reinserted. In addition, a product with glass is many times heavier.

Before working with the profile itself, the internal and external window sills are installed. Here they also adhere to the rules prescribed in the instructions.

Required Tools

Even if the window opening is prepared according to all standards, a level will be needed. It will determine whether the structure is level.

You will also need:

• screwdriver and screws;
• polyurethane foam with a gun;
• perforator;
• a simple pencil or marker;
• roulette;
• paint brush;
• primer

Some of the tools may not be needed. But it is better to take care of their availability.

Preparation

It is much easier to prepare a window opening if the house is just being built. Then, all surfaces will be undamaged. For preliminary work, you only need to treat the surface and check its level. The opening is cleaned and then the system is installed.

If the profile is replaced, difficulties may arise with the opening itself. Depending on how much time has passed since the previous installation, the surfaces may have become damaged. Wind, temperature changes, and large amounts of moisture negatively affect bricks, plaster and other materials.

Therefore, before the main stage, you need to make sure that all surfaces are completely restored. After this, they are processed and the main manipulations begin.

Filling the assembly seam

When assembling plastic windows, GOST provides special instructions for filling the installation seam. With the correct sequence of actions, water will not be retained in the seams. This will allow the foam itself, and consequently the system, to last much longer.

Sequencing:

1. Lay two layers of foam along the entire perimeter.
2. Place it between the gap and the quarter.
3. The seam must be closed on the outside. Then there will be no bubbles, and the structure of the filler will become more uniform.
4. The last step is interior finishing. When all the slopes are foamed, they are closed with a special corner.

What should be the gap

The installation gap has its own dimensions. They are determined depending on the surfaces themselves and the distances.

If any deviations occur, it means the opening or other components do not meet the requirements of the standards.

Anchoring

The quantity and quality of fastenings play an important role when installing windows in accordance with GOST. They are placed in the right places, depending on the type of glass unit.

The most popular system will be the one in which one sash does not open or is blind, the second has a tilt-and-turn mechanism. 14 anchors are used for such a product.

The type of fasteners is determined depending on the condition of the wall and the materials from which it is made.

State standards with regulatory documents for PVC products

23166-99: about the main locations and operating levels of the door and window unit, including additional details.

30673-99: on standard sizes of PVC profile parts for window and balcony blocks, window sills and other components.

30674-99: about the design features of blocks for windows and balconies.

26602.2-99, 2602.1-99 and 26602.3-99: on requirements for impermeability to moisture, air, thermal and sound protection of PVC products.

24866-99: on the general conditions for the production and installation of double-glazed windows for any building and structure.

30971-02: about the requirements for installation gaps that must be insulated and assemblies adjacent to the frame of the window opening.

52749-2007: technical conditions regarding the installation of balcony and window units, the size of installation joints and the level of preparation of covering gaps, together with general requirements for the location of installation joints.

How long does it take

Compliance with all norms and standards takes quite a lot of time. Thus, it will take several days to replace the windows. It will take 1 to 3 days just for the plaster to dry.

As a result, it will be difficult to replace windows in compliance with all rules in apartments. It's easier to do this in a private house.

The standard states that all materials are required regarding the condition of ventilation and other systems. This will also take time. In addition, the approved profile must fit into the architectural design of the building.

Requirements for the design of window units in residential and public buildings

The manufacture of windows and balcony doors must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23166 and this standard, in accordance with working drawings approved in the accepted manner.

Any window and balcony door in a residential building must comply with state standards in terms of its brand, design, shape, and basic dimensions.

GOST establishes the dimensions of the window and balcony sash, relative to the outer sides of the block and doors, light, transom, valve and leaf. The current standard contains drawings with the dimensions of each unpainted part and product, the unit of measurement of which is one millimeter.

It is possible to drain rainwater using holes with a diameter of at least ten millimeters. They must be drilled in each bottom frame bar and horizontal mullion under the doors and transoms at a distance of fifty millimeters from the vertical frame bar and mullion, and there is one central hole under each flap.

Documents for registration

Typically, only contracts and certificates of services performed are prepared. They are also accompanied by sketches of buildings and a list of work.

But, according to the norms, the performer is responsible for many other things. However, few people want to take on the extra responsibility of monitoring what surface the assembly will be performed on.

A standard list of documents was created in order to protect the mechanism assembly company. They also provide a guarantee for their services, which does not imply failure of the entire structure due to the condition of the building.

Installation of plastic slopes

Plastic slopes are installed on the same day as the window for panel and block houses and on the second day for Stalinist houses.

The slopes are either a Belgian sandwich panel (in the image) or German VEKA plastic slopes with removable trims.

The differences between the various plastic slopes are not significant, but you should know them.

The Belgian sandwich panel can be installed at dawn (not at a right angle to the window), which visually increases the window opening. The choice of VEKA plastic slopes is justified for more accurate wallpapering with already installed slopes. Thanks to the removable casing, the edges of the wallpaper will be neatly hidden under it.

Advice:

If you are renovating your apartment, then it is better to install platbands on the slopes from a Belgian sandwich panel after gluing the wallpaper yourself - it will turn out neater and prettier).

Required tools and materials

Tools for installing PVC windows
For dismantling, in addition to a hammer and a jigsaw, you will need a crowbar, a grinder with a metal circle (for fittings). The insulation is removed with gloved hands; you can use a construction knife and a spatula to separate the glued material from the ends.

Beat the solution from the planting site using a hammer drill with a spatula attachment. To unscrew self-tapping screws, a screwdriver is used, nails are removed with a nail puller, and dowels and anchors are sawed through with a grinder.

To install PVC window blocks you will need the following tools:

• hammer drill, drill bits with pobedit tips, screwdriver, drill;
• drills with a diameter of 6 mm are used for mounting windows on mounting plates, and size 10 is used for drilling for anchors;
• foam construction gun;
• cardboard knife, hammer;
• construction or laser level, 5 m tape measure, pencil, plumb line;
• metal scissors, pliers, Phillips and flathead screwdrivers, chisel.

A hammer drill is needed to make holes at the end of the opening for dowels and anchors. It is better to screw in self-tapping screws with a screwdriver. For wooden walls, a hammer drill is not needed; a drill and metal drills of different sizes will do. To install the window sill and ebb, some of these tools will also be needed.

Materials for mounting frames with double-glazed windows:

• spacers and mounting wedges made of thick plastic, the quantity is taken so as to install the elements around the perimeter of the window;
• mounting foam based on polyurethane foam with a low expansion rate to fill the space between the frame and the wall;
• vapor-permeable seal (PSUL) to organize self-ventilation and protect against moisture from frozen foam;
• waterproofing tape for installation inside a room based on polyethylene with a thin aluminum layer;
• diffusion tape to protect the installation seam from precipitation and rays.

Simple or adjustable anchors, screws, and dowels are used as fasteners. The modern method involves mounting the frame on plates. In addition, you need supporting consoles, silicone sealant, and a stand profile.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing is the defense of objects, structures, and various structures from aggressive liquids (washing liquid, filtering liquid). With the help of waterproofing, the operation of buildings, structures and equipment becomes more reliable and durable.

Materials

Materials must provide complete reliable protection of structures under all environmental conditions. In order to properly purchase waterproofing materials, you need to familiarize yourself with their operation.

The following materials are considered waterproofing:

• metal sheets;
• roll and sheet materials (geosynthetics or PVC membranes, films);
• liquid application materials (liquid rubber, sprayed cork);
• mineral binders;
• dry building mixtures of penetrating action (penetrating insulation).

There are several types of waterproofing.

• Anti-filtration - protects against water entering buildings underground and under water. It also serves as a defense for the outflow of operational, technical and waste fluids.
• Anti-corrosion - protects materials from chemically hazardous liquid substances and water, from the attacking effects of the environment, from electrical corrosion that occurs during wandering underground currents.

• Painting - used in the form of an ultra-thin (up to 2 mm) cover, which has many layers: they come in the form of bituminous and copolymer varnishes, watercolors. It is used as anti-capillary and anti-corrosion protection, protects reinforced concrete and metal buildings.
• Plaster – looks like a multi-layer (up to 2 cm) special coating, which is more often used for reinforced concrete structures. This refers to structures such as: cement shotcrete, cool and hot asphalt plaster hydraulic solutions and resins.

• Pasting - made from characteristic stickers of rolled materials, which look like multi-layer (3-4 layers) coatings, protects external screeds and partitions. Unlike other insulations, it is more crack-resistant.
• Cast - used as particularly safe waterproofing. The installation consists of hot asphalt mastics, hydraulic solutions poured over a surface located horizontally (in 2-3 layers, 20-25 mm thick) and poured behind the partition or formwork on the sides (30-50 mm thick).
• Backfill - acts as filling into waterproof layers and macrocavities with bulk waterproofing materials. Similar to cast waterproofing, but is also used as thermal waterproofing.

• Impregnation is the impregnation of building products made of porous materials. More suitable for elements that are subject to intense mechanical influences.
• Injection - works by injecting binder material into the seams and cracks of building structures.
• Mounted - made from exceptional manufactured elements connected by mounting connections to the main structure.

• Surface - it is pressed using water pressure to the insulated surface that supports the structure.
• Penetrating - dry mixtures of cement, quartz sand with a certain chemical and granulometric composition and chemically active additives are used.
• Sprinkled - eliminates the ingress of water into roofs, foundations, ponds, basements and underground sheds. The coating is applied to the finished surface by cold spraying; after the spray hardens, it turns into a durable membrane.

Sealants

To insulate the seam from the outside and inside, silicone, acrylic or polysulfide liquid mastics are now mainly used.

• Silicone. This type of sealant is currently the most popular and often used during installation. There are two subtypes of silicone insulators: neutral and acetate.

  
  The latter adhere well only to smooth surfaces (glass, plastic, painted wood, etc.) and therefore are practically not used for insulating joints in stone buildings. As for neutral ones, they adhere perfectly to both PVC profiles and hardened cement mortar. Both materials are easy to use, non-toxic and capable of maintaining performance over a wide temperature range (from -50 to + 170).

• Acrylic. Compared to silicone analogues, it is much stronger and more durable, in addition, the variety of textures and colors of acrylic is better combined with most materials used to decorate the facade of a building.

  
  Acrylic waterproofing mastics, unlike silicone ones, are less elastic, so their use is not recommended in buildings with possible shrinkage, for example, in wooden log houses or frame houses.

• Polysulfide (thiokol). This type of waterproofing is similar in its characteristics to neutral-based silicone putties.

  
  In terms of consistency, it is a fluid viscous mixture with low density. For better adhesion to concrete or stone, it is advisable to pre-treat the surface with a special primer. The material has high waterproofing properties and can be used in any climatic conditions.

Unlike film materials, sealants practically do not allow moisture to pass through, which may be located in the inside of the seam, which must be taken into account when used for insulation outside.

There are also specialized developments, for example, among those available on the domestic market, the SAZ installation system is widespread. This installation method fully complies with GOST standards and involves the use of two types of sealant. For outdoor use, vapor-permeable one-component waterproofing STIZ-A , and for indoor treatment, acrylic vapor barrier mastic STIZ-V is used.

The use of Stiz A, B, D sealants in combination when installing windows

Types of mounting tapes for windows

The functions performed by the tapes are different and depend on the location of gluing, the condition of the opening, the features of the future finishing of the slopes, as well as the requirements for the window block. Next, we will consider the most commonly used materials common in the modern construction market.

PSUL

Pre-compressed sealing tape is used primarily on the outside of translucent structures. Its main purpose is to ensure unimpeded drainage of moisture from the area where the hatch connects to the opening.

How to make waterproofing in a wooden frame house

Waterproofing a window in a wooden building primarily depends on whether the work is being done in the opening of a new house or whether work is being done on an old block. If a window is being replaced or repaired, waterproofing measures are not much different from those for brick buildings. As for new wooden buildings, before installing windows and doors they need to be allowed to stand, or casing should be made and installation done into it.

Since a dry finish will most likely be used for the slopes, foil vapor barrier tape is glued to the inside. Application of PSUL from the outside is possible only on a window unit that has not yet been installed. In this case, it is advisable to first secure the street platbands (if they are provided for in the project) or install the slopes. When one of these conditions is met, a pre-compressed tape glued to the outer part of the profile, after expanding, will fill the gap between the platband (slope) and the frame.