Three-leaf, single-leaf and double-leaf windows: how to calculate the optimal glazing area

Wooden windows installed in residential and public buildings have been popular at all times.
However, unlike old Soviet designs, modern products are a successful combination of environmentally friendly raw materials and advanced technologies.

The profiles of window structures ensure a tight fit in the frame, sealed double-glazed windows effectively retain heat, and multifunctional fittings increase operating comfort.

Depending on the technological requirements, wooden windows are manufactured either in a solid design or equipped with opening sashes.

Three-leaf, single-leaf and double-leaf windows: how to calculate the optimal glazing area

Standard double-glazed window - one sash is fixed and the other is rotary
. Greetings. Today I’ll tell you about the standard sizes of single-leaf, double-leaf and three-leaf windows . You will also learn why these particular sizes are used and not others.

I hope that the topic of this article will be of interest to both owners of living space in apartment buildings and owners of country houses. The fact is that the standards regulating the dimensions of glazing are designed to ensure the comfort of living indoors, and in addition guarantee the strength, reliability and durability of the window structure.

Residential Standards

The standardization of window openings is designed primarily to regulate the light intensity in the room. The gradation of opening parameters depends on the purpose of the room. But not only this is taken into account:

1. Light transmittance of a glass unit.
2. Geographical location.
3. Dimensions of the building.
4. The degree of solar illumination required.

Dimensions are calculated based on building codes and regulations, and it simply cannot be any other way. For each residential premises, the rules determine the mandatory value of the illumination coefficient in our latitudes - south of 60˚ and north of 45˚ latitude. It is assumed that glass cleaning will be carried out twice a year in ordinary premises and four times a year for regions with a certain amount of combustion products. It is clear that this means environmentally unsafe areas. However, you can talk about this topic for a long time, but the dimensions do not change. The first table is for standard single-leaf windows.

Features and benefits

Three-leaf plastic windows for residential buildings began to be used relatively recently. This window is quite large, so the appearance of the facade will be very specific. Previously, such structures were more often used for administrative buildings, but they are gradually becoming popular among private developers. Modern technologies make it possible to install window structures of almost any size.

A three-leaf PVC window is convenient for those rooms where a large amount of light is required. Due to the large glazing area, the living space is visually perceived as larger; such a window looks especially good if it offers a good view of nature. The design of the structure itself also looks original, emphasizing not only the style of the room, but also its rich decoration.

In order to install such a window, a wide window opening is required. When designing a country house, they usually immediately take this into account and leave room for a three-leaf structure. It is worth noting that the shape of the window may be non-standard. Such products are classified as elite; they cost an order of magnitude more, but they fully justify themselves with their original design and high performance characteristics.

Here you can also read about the requirements for modern PVC windows. It is important to be able to understand plastic windows so that the purchase does not upset you.

Which sashes should I choose for a 3-hung window?

Let's look at the most common standard rectangular 3-hung window. There is a GOST requirement for the presence of non-opening sashes in the window:

This requirement is a safety requirement and must be fulfilled. Failure to comply may result in falling out when washing the window.

Photo: This method of cleaning a 3-hung window can result in a fall out resulting in serious injury or death.

The figure shows various schemes for opening a 3-hung window with a valid and invalid solution.

Photo: diagrams for opening a three-leaf window: top row - incorrectly (X), bottom row - correctly (V). In the bottom row, the 2nd option is more preferable: if you need to ventilate the room more, then it is better to install 2 doors with a tilt-and-turn mode at once. Tilt and turn ventilation is 500 rubles more expensive than rotary ventilation, but it has more advantages.

Advantages of tilt-and-turn ventilation over rotary ventilation:

• Possibility to ventilate the apartment in a safe manner;
• You can leave the flaps folded and leave the house, provided that you use special anti-burglary strikers that maintain burglary resistance when ventilated (described below in the article);
• The sash is fixed in the folding position and will not “dangle” from the wind. There is no need to install an additional comb or “stopper” to fix the sash;
• The sash will not hit the wall slope and will not injure a person;
• Will not overcool the apartment;

Typical new buildings

Today's new buildings are diverse. There are more than 40 design series of such houses.

Standard window sizes for each series are individual.

Tips and tricks for choosing

As a rule, it is difficult to decide when there is a choice between one and two-leaf blocks or two and three-leaf ones.

The strengths of single-leaf compared to double-leaf are: its low cost and relative ease of maintenance.

However, if the width of the opening is standard, then even in the minimum version (110 cm) the dimensions of the opening element will be very significant.

This will significantly load the fittings, reducing its service life. In addition, a large sash will take up a lot of space in the room when ventilated in the swing mode, and the space on the windowsill is completely lost. Ventilating a room with such a window in winter, especially in windy weather, is quite problematic - even in the folding position the air flow will be very noticeable.

The choice between a double-leaf and a three-leaf design becomes in cases where the opening width exceeds 150 cm. An economically more preferable option is one with one opening element of sufficient size for the room and a blind section, usually wider.

A three-leaf block is relevant if ventilation from one leaf is not enough. Then it is most rational to order a frame with two side opening elements and a blank one in the middle.

What is the difference between three-leaf windows in a multi-storey and private house?

Three-leaf windows in apartment buildings and in private housing construction differ in their functionality (“filling”).

Triple-hung windows in a multi-story building

In an apartment building, you cannot change the size of the window opening so as not to disrupt the overall architectural style of the building's facade and not create a threat to reduce the strength of the building's structure. 3-hung windows do not require static strength calculations, despite their large sizes. The dimensions and strength of such windows are calculated by developers at the design stage. You can simply replace such a window with a similar type of material (plastic or aluminum).

Basically, rectangular white windows are used for glazing an apartment building, but recently colored windows have begun to occupy an increasing share. When replacing windows from the developer, it is necessary to maintain the same color as the window on the facade of the house. The division of the window cannot be changed (for example, a 3-leaf window into a 2-leaf window), otherwise there may subsequently be problems with supervisory authorities or the management company. The appearance of the facade must be preserved.

On June 6, 2022, the Ministry of Construction requirements for standard housing came into force, according to which the energy saving class of an apartment building must be at least “B”. Windows must provide this class. Economy class housing is becoming a thing of the past.

The new edition of SNiP “Thermal Protection of Buildings” has increased the regulatory requirements for thermal protection of buildings. In many regions of Russia, it is now necessary to install windows of the following configuration in apartment buildings:

• window profile: at least 70 mm wide, 5 chambers;
• double-glazed window: 2-chamber (3 glasses) with energy-saving glass.

The heat transfer resistance of windows can reach 0.7 m 2 ◦ 0 C/W.

But in terms of heat efficiency, windows in apartment buildings are inferior to windows in a private house.

The level of sound insulation in apartment buildings is middle class.

The sound insulation of a standard double-glazed window with 4 mm ordinary glass is 31 dB,

Double-glazed window formula: 4-10-4-10-4 (4 – glass thickness, 12 – distance between glasses).

If there are sources of increased noise near the house: highways, noisy streets, playgrounds, then the design of the windows includes elements with increased noise protection: external glass of greater thickness (not 4 mm, but 6 or more mm), triplex or acoustic triplex for higher sound insulation . Filling the space between the glass with an inert gas, such as argon, also improves sound insulation.

To understand the effect of thick glass, triplex, acoustic triplex and argon on noise protection, you can consider the following designs of double-glazed windows:

Sound insulation of various double-glazed window designs

Houses of the Stalin period

Buildings erected from the 30s to the 60s of the 20th century are often very attractive in appearance. Features of Stalin:

• strict architecture;
• ceilings up to five meters high;
• large rooms, spacious kitchens.

These houses were built from red brick. The outside was covered with granite cladding or plastered. At this time, buildings were decorated with stucco and decorated with bas-reliefs. Due to the large area of ​​the rooms, there were no single-leaf windows.

The price of windows is determined by several factors:

• the method of opening each door;
• number of cameras;
• geometric parameters of the installed glass unit;
• type of glass used, fittings;
• the presence of additional parts for protective or decorative purposes.

Leave a request for a FREE call to a measurer and find out the cost of installing your window!

All stages are treated with a high degree of responsibility. At each step of window installation, compliance with the parameters and requirements for installation quality is monitored. The work is carried out using modern equipment and tools.

You can get a free consultation and place an order by calling:

We install plastic windows with three sashes in apartments, private cottages, commercial properties, etc.

When making an order, we take into account the specific location of windows and openings relative to the sun, the material of construction of the walls of the structure and their thickness. In this case, the creation of the most reliable and efficient glazing option is guaranteed.

Khrushchev buildings

This name was given to standard houses built from the 50s to the 85s of the 20th century. The appearance of Khrushchev buildings is familiar to everyone: flat roofs, no facade decorations.

Characterized by:

• built from panels or sand-lime bricks;
• have 3 - 5 floors;
• ceiling height - 2.3 - 2.5 m;
• poor sound insulation;
• small rooms and kitchen.

By opening type

The second most commonly used feature to classify plastic windows is the type of opening. Window fittings, which are used in the mechanisms that ensure window opening, have a significant impact on the cost of the entire structure. That is why the number of opening sashes and the opening method are often used to reduce the price of a plastic window, sometimes to the detriment of the comfort and ease of use.

The main thing is not to forget that the fittings must be of high quality, since it is more expedient to save on the number of opening doors than on the mechanisms that provide this.

Rice. 6. Varieties according to the opening method.

Fixed plastic windows

Blind window structures are the cheapest, however, they are also the most inconvenient to use. In particular, it is impossible to reach the outside of the window if necessary to clean it. This inconvenience is balanced by low cost, ease of manufacture and high reliability. Which is not surprising, given that most often it is the mechanisms responsible for opening, closing and fixing the window in any position that fail.

Most often, blind window structures are installed on the first floors of buildings, openings that open onto balconies and other similar places where either increased reliability is required or access to the glass surface from the outside is provided for maintenance.

Rice. 7. Blank window design.

Pivot plastic windows

The design of PVC windows with a rotary opening mechanism is most similar to the most common and standard wooden ones. The presence of opening doors makes it easy to wash or clean the glass, as well as ventilate the room. But it should be borne in mind that the air flow entering the room through such a window will be powerful, which leads to the need to leave the room in the cold season.

The second disadvantage of this opening design is the inability to fully use the window sill, as this may interfere with the opening of the window. In addition, open pivot windows are unsafe for small children and animals, as they can simply fall out of them.

Rice. 8. Pivot plastic window.

Tilt and turn plastic windows

This opening mechanism design is the most common. This is explained by the ease of use of windows equipped with it:

• tilting the sash for ventilation allows you to calmly use the free area of ​​the window sill, in addition, it limits the amount of incoming fresh air. Some windows additionally have a micro-ventilation mode;
• opening the sash by swinging it wide open is used relatively rarely, in the hot season or when it is necessary to wash the glass from the outside.

Tilt-and-turn windows made of PVC are the most expensive, which does not prevent them from being the most common.

Rice. 9. Tilt and turn window.

Transoms

Transoms or windows with a tilting opening mechanism are rare. They can be used in rooms where there is no need to open the sash completely, but periodic ventilation is required. The window can be opened in one of two ways: by tilting the sash from above or from below.

This design also has an analogue among wooden windows. It was a fairly large window that was used in various offices or offices. Transoms have a relatively low cost, but this does not lead to their frequent use.

Sliding plastic windows

PVC sliding windows are used mainly for balconies, loggias and rooms with direct access from the house or building. These can be gazebos, verandas, rooms on the first floors of private houses, hotels or recreation centers. Also, the sliding opening mechanism is used when there is a shortage of space - in small rooms.

The operating principle of the sliding mechanism is as follows: the doors open, moving in one or both directions, sliding along special guides. To open such a window, the space of the room is not used, since the sash remains in the plane of the structure.

Rice. 11. Sliding window structures.

Types of plastic windows: single-leaf, double-leaf, three-leaf

Window design: types and features

Modern plastic windows are famous not only for their good heat and sound insulation properties and durability, but also for their variety of shapes and types of structures. The most popular of them regarding the number of leaves are 1, 2 and 3-leaf.

The following types of windows are distinguished separately:

1. Balcony block consisting of two doors. Most often, only the balcony door itself opens.
2. PVC structures for balconies and loggias. The number of glazing sashes is not limited and corresponds only to the length of the balcony and the client’s wishes.

Single-leaf plastic window

For a small window opening (1.5 by 1 m), it is best to choose a design with one sash. Its undoubted advantages include efficiency and increased light transmittance. You can buy a single-leaf plastic window at a low price in. We work without intermediaries and guarantee high quality and durability of PVC products.

Single-leaf plastic window

For a small window opening (1.5 by 1 m), it is best to choose a design with one sash. Its undoubted advantages include efficiency and increased light transmittance. You can buy a single-leaf plastic window at a low price in. We work without intermediaries and guarantee high quality and durability of PVC products.

Double-leaf plastic window

For standard window openings in an apartment building, we recommend choosing double-leaf plastic windows with two opening sashes. This design is considered the most convenient to use: it is easy to regulate the flow of light and air into the room, and carry out wet processing of glass. You may prefer a PVC window with one fixed sash and the other opening.

Some restrictions are often imposed on the appearance of facades, for example, compliance with urban planning regulations (if these are historical or central streets). They also need to be taken into account when choosing windows for an apartment.

Double-leaf plastic window

For standard window openings in an apartment building, we recommend choosing double-leaf plastic windows with two opening sashes. This design is considered the most convenient to use: it is easy to regulate the flow of light and air into the room, and carry out wet processing of glass. You may prefer a PVC window with one fixed sash and the other opening.

Some restrictions are often imposed on the appearance of facades, for example, compliance with urban planning regulations (if these are historical or central streets). They also need to be taken into account when choosing windows for an apartment.

Three-leaf plastic window

A standard window with three sashes will become a functional decoration of a large room: hall, dining room, living room, etc. The number of opening doors depends on your wishes. There may be several options where 1 leaf opens (on the side or in the center), 2 or 3. We do not recommend the latter, as it is impractical.

It should be taken into account that a slightly more expensive option than with one opening sash will be a three-leaf plastic window with 2 opening sashes, the approximate price of which you can find out using an online calculator. Our specialists are always ready to tell you about current promotions and discounts by calling +7 (496) 702-55-40 in Ozyory.

Three-leaf plastic window

A standard window with three sashes will become a functional decoration of a large room: hall, dining room, living room, etc. The number of opening doors depends on your wishes. There may be several options where 1 leaf opens (on the side or in the center), 2 or 3. We do not recommend the latter, as it is impractical.

It should be taken into account that a slightly more expensive option than with one opening sash will be a three-leaf plastic window with 2 opening sashes, the approximate price of which you can find out using an online calculator. Our specialists are always ready to tell you about current promotions and discounts by calling +7 (496) 702-55-40 in Ozyory.

PVC fixed windows

According to the method of opening, windows are divided into several types:

• blind plastic windows;
• rotary;
• folding;
• tilt and turn;
• transom;
• sliding

Ready-made fixed PVC windows are a popular and cheap glazing option (due to simplified design and the absence of additional fittings). With a solid sash, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to clean from the outside: even if you don’t live on the first floor, you will have to use a stepladder to seasonally wash the glass. The full process of ventilating a room seems no less difficult. Therefore, such windows are often chosen when building small country houses or industrial premises; residential buildings require products of a more complex configuration that ensure comfortable living.

PVC fixed windows

According to the method of opening, windows are divided into several types:

• blind plastic windows;
• rotary;
• folding;
• tilt and turn;
• transom;
• sliding

Ready-made fixed PVC windows are a popular and cheap glazing option (due to simplified design and the absence of additional fittings). With a solid sash, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to clean from the outside: even if you don’t live on the first floor, you will have to use a stepladder to seasonally wash the glass. The full process of ventilating a room seems no less difficult. Therefore, such windows are often chosen when building small country houses or industrial premises; residential buildings require products of a more complex configuration that ensure comfortable living.

The desire to install a new plastic window always comes up against the seemingly simple question of how many sashes to make. For windows that are on the ground floor or in a private one-story house, this does not pose a problem. As a rule, they install as much as the experience of previous windows during their operation suggested. But always, after installation, after some time, it turns out that not everything was thought through, and in one place there is not enough ventilation, in another it is inconvenient to wash the windows, because it is a pity to trample the flower garden under the window, in general, it is simple, at first glance question requires serious thought and careful approach. Of course, the easiest thing is to install all window units with a universal tilt-and-turn opening mechanism, but here it all comes down to solvency. And you have to think, look for advice and evaluate your possibilities.

Apartment

If you live on the eighth floor, and you still have a potential problem with washing windows in the spring, then the question of installing a three-leaf window or a double-leaf window becomes important. And it is important in what cases they are placed (tricuspid), and in what cases they can be neglected. There are places where you simply cannot do without them - these are:

• balconies;
• loggias.

No matter how you make two sashes, it is still not convenient to wash the window. And there is no such need to take risks at height, so that, having difficulty reaching the bump from the outside, you somehow crawl it from an uncomfortable position. Definitely need to install three doors. Since you have decided to glaze your loggia or balcony, then an additional thirty forty dollars will not play a special role, but it will save you from suffering in the future. For one thing, order mosquito nets for all doors at once. You won't regret it this summer.

Cottage

Everything is more complicated and simpler here. If you have a bay window, and even on the second floor, then you are doomed not only to a three-leaf window, most likely it will be multi-leaf. A bay window is a protrusion, not a straight plane, and in this case, even if there are not large sashes, it is generally impossible to wash such a window by bending over the corner. Therefore, in this case there will be as many sashes as there are windows. And then they look the same and even, because all the bumps are the same in area. Well, what if the cottage has a high base? Then the first floor is not always easily accessible. And there are also flower beds and flower beds around the perimeter. At the time of installation of window systems, they may not yet exist. But you probably shouldn’t limit yourself in possibilities. Nowadays, so-called provincial windows are fashionable. These are window openings that are one and a half, or even two times wider than usual. In what cases are they used? As a rule, such openings are made on the shady side of the house so that rooms facing north are illuminated by natural daylight no worse than the south side. This is how you get a three-leaf window, otherwise it will simply be inconvenient to care for it.

Regarding disclosure. Of course, it’s your choice, but for ventilation it’s better to have a folding mechanism. You will use the rotary one much less often, but it is also needed, otherwise the whole meaning of the doors will be lost. Therefore, if you’re going to do it, do it the right way. window systems are installed not for one or two years. You will then have to live with this for many years. So why try to cut out or shrink something, it’s not profitable. It’s better not to do everything at once, but gradually, one by one, but to do it as you need to, and not as you can or want.

Installation of a three-hung window

The Windows company in Samara Ru sells and installs three-leaf plastic windows from Rehau and VEKA profile systems in Samara and the region. Rehau profile windows have been on the market for more than 50 years and have long won the trust of customers due to their high quality and reasonable prices.

Three-leaf plastic windows are designed for installation in private and apartment buildings, balconies and loggias, in offices and industrial premises. Our specialists will install one, two or three-leaf PVC windows in accordance with all quality and safety standards.

Contact us by phone to ask additional questions and find out the approximate price of triple-hung windows for your home or apartment. On the website you can independently, using a calculator, select the characteristics of the window profile, the number of sashes, the size of the opening, and calculate the approximate cost of a PVC window.

Brezhnevka

This is the name given to apartments with an improved layout, which were built from the mid-60s to the end of the 80s of the 20th century. Peculiarities:

• more spacious kitchens and rooms compared to Khrushchev buildings;
• have from 5 to 9 floors;
• equipped with elevators and garbage chutes.

Several series of houses with improved layouts have been designed. The standard sizes of window openings are different in each series. There is a catalog of descriptions of typical houses. Many series are in demand today.