At what height should windows be installed in a house? Distance from floor to window: standard height according to GOST, in private houses according to SNiP

Peculiarities

The characteristics of window blocks largely determine the purpose of the premises inside the building.
Through window openings, not only the sun's rays enter inside, but also cold temperature and humidity. Therefore, if installed incorrectly, mold and dampness will settle inside the house. When making window openings, great importance is given to the material used to make the walls.

A window opening in a brick or concrete wall is made according to some parameters, but in a log house it must meet completely different standards.

Established standards and restrictions on window openings are of little demand in housing, especially in private construction. Owners of private housing under construction often choose their shape and size according to personal preferences.

Focusing on your own taste leads to the fact that finished windows turn out to be too small or too large. Sometimes they are installed in the wrong places. This approach causes the frames to skew, the sashes not to fit tightly, and condensation to form. Sometimes rain gets inside the window, and dew even appears on the walls of the apartment.

According to the rules, a window opening must appear in the wall during the construction process. These blocks are very rarely made in solid masonry.

The window opening must provide:

correct installation of frames;
reliability of fastening of the window structure;
sealing;
humidity output;
heat and sound insulation;
decorativeness of the main part of the exterior and interior of housing.

The window frame should easily fit into the window opening. Internal and external window sills should not be fixed with thick mortar. There must be a niche for cladding.

The horizontal and vertical lines of the structure must be precisely measured. The top plank should not bend under the weight of the wall material. The type and location of windows must be selected according to standards.

To make the right choice, it is enough to study the typical parameters for window openings installed in residential or utility rooms.

In modern construction, ready-made PVC windows are mainly used. It turns out that initially it is wiser to choose products of standard sizes. It is easier and cheaper to adjust openings to standard structures.

Individual production of structures for existing openings is always an expensive pleasure. Finished windows and PVC in factories are manufactured according to the state standard, since builders at the construction of multi-storey buildings make openings according to the same state standard.

A generalized concept for modern GOSTs is the mandatory presence of quarters for openings. These are protrusions from the outside of the wall that must be of a certain size.

The presence of quarters will close the gap on the outside between the window frame and the wall. This will hide the mounting seal. The windows will receive better protection from blowing and moisture, and the entire structure looks more beautiful.

The position of windows in a brick house is calculated taking into account the size of the brick used.

A quarter is a corner of a facing brick that protrudes a quarter of its own size. Usually mounted inside the opening. A larger protrusion will interfere with the design of the side slopes. A smaller corner size will not guarantee frames falling out. Construction standards require a match accuracy of up to one centimeter.

Let us examine in more detail the parameters of window openings for walls made of different materials.

Options for fixing windows in walls made of cellular concrete

For proper window operation, the temperature on the inner surface of the enclosing structure is important.
To avoid damage that may be caused by moisture, the temperature in the entire plane separating the interior of the building must be greater than 13ºC. This is related to the so-called dew point. The dew point is the temperature at which the air, at a given temperature and relative humidity, is no longer able to accept more water. Dew point temperature is defined as the temperature at which the surface relative humidity reaches 100% and the air is saturated. Below we describe various options for fixing windows in a wall made of cellular concrete 24 cm thick, with an external layer of thermal insulation 15 cm thick. Additional conditions: outside air temperature -5 °C, inside +20 °C.

The window is mounted in the middle of the wall thickness, the frame is not protected by a layer of insulation: Isotherms of 10 and 13 ° C pass through half the thickness of the wall and very close to the inner surface of the window-wall junction. Very large distance between isotherms at temperatures below 13 °C. A significant part of the wall and assembly joints are cooled.
The window is mounted in the middle of the wall thickness, the frame is covered with a layer of insulation: the 10 °C isotherm is largely shifted outward, and the 13 °C isotherm is closer to the outer surface of the wall. A significant part of the wall is cooled, but the temperature of the cross section of the assembly joint is higher.
The window is mounted at the level of the outer plane of the wall, the frame is not protected by a layer of insulation: The 10 and 13 °C isotherms are shifted to the outer side of the wall. Very high density of isotherms on the low temperature side.
The window is mounted at the level of the outer plane of the wall, the frame is protected by a layer of insulation: The 10 °C isotherm passes completely outside the plane of the wall. Almost the entire section of the wall and the assembly joint have a temperature above 10 °C. The 13 °C isotherm is significantly removed from the inner surface of the assembly seam.
The window is mounted in an outer layer of insulation, the frame is not protected by a layer of insulation: The 10 and 13 °C isotherms are completely shifted to the outside of the wall. High concentration of isotherms on the low temperature side. Strong cooling of the assembly seam. The passage of the 13 °C isotherm is very close to the inner surface.
The window is mounted in an outer layer of insulation, the frame is protected by a layer of insulation: The 10 and 13 °C isotherms are shifted outward, deep into the insulation layer. Low cooling of the assembly seam.

Thus, it is least preferable to install a window in the middle of the wall thickness without protecting the frame with a layer of thermal insulation. In addition, in this embodiment, less light enters the room.

Standards

The renovation of the housing stock is not happening as quickly as we would like. The standards of “Stalinka”, “Khrushchevka” and “Brezhnevka” buildings are generally accepted today. These houses were built thoroughly. Many of these properties have thick brick walls, high ceilings and large rooms.

The standards for window openings with quarters have the following dimensions:

single-leaf window: 85*115 cm, 115*190 cm;
double-leaf window: 130*220 cm, 115*190 cm, 15-*190 cm;
three-leaf window: 240*210 cm.

The conceptual style of the project should not be disrupted by inappropriate sizes and the wrong number of window openings. Experts also take into account the height of the ceilings, the total number of floors, the area of each room, and other architectural features.

The appearance of a building's façade largely depends on the exterior decoration and shape of the windows. Exterior decoration can be made of any materials - just remember the exquisite facades of panel houses in classic ceramics.

If we recall the stages of construction, the period from 1930 to 1960 is a time of beautiful houses, decorated with red brick, stucco facades with monumental sculptures. In the period 1950-1985, the brick building was replaced by a panel structure. Wall coverings were often made of frames. Drywall was widely used in the panel house.

The rooms in such a house were made small and the ceilings were low. The standard window opening also changed its dimensions, which depended on which wall (brick or panels) this opening would be mounted in.

The Brezhnevkas had a slightly improved layout. The houses were mostly nine-story, with warm apartments, an elevator and a garbage chute. The dimensions of windows in houses were determined by GOST series. The largest window openings were made in houses of the 600 series.

Standard window dimensions in modern new buildings are regulated by GOSTs, but the width and height of openings vary significantly. Modern state standards also take into account the area of premises. That is, the required level of illumination is obtained due to the difference in openings.

Window openings of apartments in high-rise buildings are part of the load-bearing walls of the building. It is strictly prohibited to change the structure in such a house.

At the same time, manufacturers of plastic windows are not limited to standard sizes and shapes, since non-standard window openings can be present in frame housing and in houses made of aerated concrete. The nuances are related to the design capabilities of the profile, as well as the weight of the glass unit.

The installation of plastic windows is a large-scale phenomenon that is observed everywhere. A standard plastic block only approximately fits the existing openings in the house, so replacing the structure usually begins with a surveyor visiting it. The dimensions of window openings in private houses are completely different from state standards adopted for residential buildings.

You still need to know the GOST requirements; they will serve as a guarantee of safety in the apartment. In addition, any deviation from the standards leads to an inevitable increase in the price of the product. Standard models may not make the apartment warmer, but they will be cheaper.

Standard distance from floor to window according to GOST

Compared to artificial light, natural light does not have as much effect on the fatigue of our eyes.

With improperly selected artificial lighting, the eyes quickly get tired, and the sharpness of vision begins to decrease after some time.

Unfortunately, we can only use natural light as a light source during daylight hours.

It is worth noting that the uniform illumination of the living space is affected not only by the dimensions of the window opening, but also by the correctly selected height of the window placement above the floor surface.

How to increase and decrease?

Sometimes it becomes necessary to install windows in a solid wall.

In this work, it is also necessary to comply with certain requirements:

First, cut a hole in the wall for the ceiling. Next, lay the block or lintel structure. Laying reinforcement and filling with concrete is also allowed. In this way, the reinforcement of the structure is prepared.
If the opening needs to be insulated, choose materials only with quality certificates.
The hole in the wall for windows must be equipped taking into account the mandatory presence of a lower support and side quarters.
The opening is filled from below next to the transverse bricks. Then the sides of the opening are laid out.
The frame can be installed in the opening only after the solution has completely dried, as well as the initial shrinkage of the structure.
Expansion, reduction, or increase in openings is possible, because even standard sizes according to GOST vary widely.

GOST allows up to 17 different dimensions only for double-hung windows. The designs may have windows with one sash or three sash. Modern developers have access to GOST standards for more than 40 series. Dimensions are often regulated by the area of the room.

The glazed area, in particular, the standardization of window openings in private houses is regulated by SNiP P-A862. The standard requires the total area of the light opening to be at least 1/8 of the total area of each individual room of the apartment.

Location of the house and windows

The illumination of the room and the amount of solar energy penetrating inside depend on:

season;
time of day;
the location of the building and windows in relation to the cardinal directions.

In summer, the sun's rays have a greater angle of incidence than in winter. As a result, a much larger amount of heat and light enters the premises. If window openings are positioned correctly, they will not only prevent the loss of solar energy in winter, but will also generate additional benefits. In order for solar energy to be used as efficiently as possible, most window openings should be made on the walls that are most illuminated by the sun's rays. As mentioned above, the angle at which light enters the room is of great importance.

Proper planning is equally important. To ensure the greatest energy efficiency of the house, rooms should be located in such a way that their level of illumination corresponds to the purpose of the room:

On the south side

East side

, where the sun “looks” early in the morning is perfect for the bedroom. A stream of bright light will not only allow residents to wake up on time in the morning, but will also charge them with positive energy for the whole day. In the evening and at night, the room will always be cool, which will help you fully relax.

North side

Perfect for furnishing non-residential premises (kitchen, bath, pantry, boiler room, garage).

The western side
is most suitable for placing a study, kitchen/dining room or living room there. The fact is that from the western side the light enters the premises at a slight angle. It is also much less saturated than light coming into rooms from the south.

Proper planning and proper placement of window openings will ensure the maximum available level of illumination, help maintain the microclimate in the rooms necessary for their functionality, and make them comfortable for both the residents of the house and their guests.

In winter, the intensity of the light flux is significantly reduced and the home owner is faced with the task of reducing heat loss as much as possible. It should be taken into account that if in the summer, if there are large windows, overheating of the room is possible, entailing the need to use ventilation and air conditioning systems, then in winter approximately a third of the heat leaves the home through window systems. Thus, designing the number, location and size of windows requires a certain compromise between the level of illumination and the presence of heat loss, heating costs and the internal (external) design of the rooms (of the entire house).

Canons of proportions

Window systems in living rooms traditionally occupy an area 5.5–8 times less than the floor. In a room of 20 m2, the window area cannot exceed 3.5 m2. For attic structures, the proportion of window and wall areas of 1:10 is acceptable. When placing other buildings or tall trees near the house, the glass filling should be increased for greater illumination. With too small window openings, the room seems dark and cramped. You can make an opening the size of the entire wall, provided it is sufficiently insulated and airtight.

Standard dimensions of window systems from manufacturers in Russia

Consider the location of window openings on the cardinal points. It is better to place living rooms on the south, southwest, southeast side. For utility rooms such as a kitchen or bathroom, it is optimal to have the northern side, where there is no bright natural light.

Garage placement

On individual housing construction sites, garages are designed for 2 types of buildings:

built into the house;
free-standing.

In the case of combining a garage with a residential building, the standards for deviations from neighboring buildings are determined as for a residential building. Fire regulations require safety measures in the form of a fire extinguisher on the outside of the wall, a fire shield, sand and an emergency exit.

The distance between a residential building and a garage is at least 5 m from the one built next door and from your own home. The permissible distance can only be changed upward.

The garage is also located at a distance of 5 m from the front boundary. It is enough to step back 1 m from the side fence and ensure drainage from the roof onto your territory.

How high should the windows be?

The height of the window sill from the floor differs in different types of objects. To determine what height of windows from the floor is optimal, use a simple calculation. Calculate the height of the ceiling, from it subtract the height of the window sill and lintel above the window (approximately 0.4 m). Our company’s specialists recommend planting plastic windows at the following heights:

25–35 cm in a spacious living room, 800 mm is a traditional solution for typical rooms;
90 cm - in the bedroom;
70–90 cm - in the nursery, depending on the placement and size of the radiator;
65 cm - in an office with maximum natural light, 750 mm - when placing a desk near a window;
90 cm - in a kitchen with standard furniture, 1000–1250 mm - with a classic bar counter;
80 cm - in the hallway;
170 cm - in bathrooms;
80–100 cm - in the attic;
up to 125 cm - in a production room.

How to zone a living room with two windows

To designate zones inside the living room, it is necessary, in addition to the total area of the room, to take into account the location of doors and windows. Very often, a spacious living room with two windows is divided into two zones, one of which becomes a dining area. Arches, screens, and partitions are used to mark boundaries.

Even a small partition 2.5 meters long clearly delineates the boundaries of the space.

Zoning the kitchen and living room Source freelancehack.ru

Beautiful figured partitions divide the space and at the same time serve as an additional decorative element.

TV in the center of the room Source atap.co

The division into zones of living rooms with two windows is also made by choosing the floor covering - for the dining area it is better to cover the floor with a practical material, for example, linoleum or tiles. For other areas, carpet, laminate, and parquet are suitable.

You can completely decorate the floor with the same material, but use it in different ways for different areas or choose different colors.

Carpets on the floor can also be used to divide into zones. Choose different carpets and cover different parts of the room with them.

Room zoning option Source stilinterjera.ru

A good way to divide a room is to create a podium for one of the zones, if the ceilings are high enough.

Living room with podium Source www.ivd.ru

Columns are often used to zone spacious rooms with two windows. They are most appropriate for the living room, as they give it a solemn, even pompous look, and this is acceptable for receiving guests. They do not take up much space, but clearly limit the space.

Zoning the living room by properly arranging furniture is quite often used by modern designers. Furniture is arranged in separate functional groups, which allows you to easily create two or more separate zones inside the living room.

Furniture can be placed with their ends facing each other or their backs.

Minimum furniture Source www.decoraid.com

A modern interior is not complete without a corner sofa. It serves two functions: acts as a bed and a seating area. It is separated by a screen that opens before going to bed, although it will not be possible to get rid of the additional noise.

The boundary between zones in a living room with two windows can be delineated using cabinets, shelves or a chest of drawers. If the cabinet is low, then a vase of flowers or any objects extended upward is placed on top of it.

Living room-library Source best.enjob.ru

The room can be divided into separate zones using modern lighting fixtures. LED backlights are especially convenient in this regard. If you have such lighting, you can abandon the classic huge chandelier.

The lighting is placed under the eaves of a multi-level ceiling. Wall lamps are hung in several places; a floor lamp can be placed near a sofa or armchairs. We should not forget that the work area requires bright lighting, but in other places it is not needed.

What shape should I choose for the window opening?

Today, window systems of almost any size and shape are available. The choice of solution depends on the style of the building and its purpose. Maximum light transmission for square window profiles. Those elongated vertically or horizontally transmit less light. Moreover, in a room with thick walls the difference is especially high. Among modern profiles, you can choose rectangular structures or windows of complex shapes: arched, triangular, trapezoidal, round. But more complex designs with a larger glass area are more expensive.

Architecture and Design | Directory

» » Division of facades The division of the facade into separate parts must correspond to the internal structure and plan of the building, and the external appearance of the building must be consistent with its purpose. The individual parts into which the façade is divided, as a whole, must be interconnected by a common systematic idea, which, although denoting their mutual service relationship, does not at all separate them into completely separate units. Unity and mutual dependence should be visible throughout the building; on the other hand, protruding (forward) or strengthening the contrast should serve as a means to bring forward the essential in a series of equal members (articulation), leaving, so to speak, the less important in the shadows.

There are different horizontal and vertical types of division.

The nature of the impression made on the viewer’s eye depends on their mutual grouping and on their size compared to the area of the facade. The dominance of horizontal divisions on the façade gives the impression of solidity and stability of the building; on the contrary, the abundance of vertical divisions gives the façade lightness and an upward tendency.

Adviсe

When choosing technical indicators for a window opening, be guided by the purpose of the room in which it will be located. The purposes for which the premises are used are of no small importance.
The overall glazing performance of one or more openings in the room should provide a sufficient amount of natural light. There should be enough sunlight to avoid turning on the lamps during the day.

For a country house, the aesthetic side of the issue is of no small importance. It is important not only to choose the right location for installing windows, but also to think about the style of exterior decoration of window openings. They have a significant impact on the appearance of the facade.
If your region has cold weather conditions and short daylight hours, it is best to make windows on the south or southwest side.
If the region's climate is warm and there is sufficient sun, place the windows in the north or east.

The ease of use and functionality of windows under various conditions is often related to the height of the window sill from the finished floor level. Experts recommend focusing on the following values:
If this is a kitchen or dining room, it is better to increase the distance from 80 to 120 cm. The dimensions should be primarily determined by the dimensions of the countertop, which is usually placed on the same level as the sink and other kitchen furniture.
If the room is a bathroom, the height of the window sill must be increased to 160 cm. A window in the toilet and bathroom is needed to provide ventilation, but at the same time the room should not be accessible to unauthorized persons who can observe hygiene procedures.
The height of the window sill board in utility rooms can be from 160 cm or more. Here the window is often a small window.
If the windows are installed on an insulated veranda, balcony or summer terrace, the window sill board can be positioned at 70 to 100 cm.

To learn how windows are installed according to GOST, see the following video.

At what distance from a residential apartment building is it permissible to build a new house,

driving piles for the foundation of a new house, driving heavy equipment? Is it permissible to start building a house without an expert assessment of the design of a new house?

To build such a house, you must first obtain a building permit in accordance with Art. 51 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. Without obtaining the specified permission, this house is an unauthorized construction and is subject to demolition (Article 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)

No examination is carried out here; a construction permit is required in accordance with Art. 51 Deg. Code of the Russian Federation.

Article 51. Construction permit

(as amended by Federal Law dated July 18, 2011 N 224-FZ)

(see text in the previous edition)

1. A construction permit is a document confirming the compliance of project documentation with the requirements of the urban planning plan of a land plot or the territory planning project and the land surveying project (in the case of construction, reconstruction of linear objects) and giving the developer the right to carry out construction, reconstruction of capital construction projects, with the exception of cases provided for by this Code.

To build a new house, you need a land plot and a building permit (Article 51 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation)

SP 52.13330.2011 is in force, according to which

Distances (domestic gaps) should be taken between the long sides of residential buildings: for residential buildings with a height of 2-3 floors - at least 15 m, for 4 floors - at least 20 m, between the long sides and the ends of the same buildings with windows from living rooms - not less than 10 m. In conditions of reconstruction and other difficult urban planning conditions, these distances can be reduced subject to compliance with insolation, lighting and fire safety requirements, as well as ensuring that residential premises (rooms and kitchens) are not visible from window to window.

At what distance from a residential apartment building is it permissible to build a new house?

— there are building codes (SNIPs) that stipulate the distance between residential buildings; this distance is taken based on calculations of insolation (illumination of the room by direct sunlight). There should be such a distance between houses so that the new building does not block sunlight. Accurate calculations of insolation are carried out by specialists when developing project documentation based on specific area data.

There are also fire safety requirements. In particular, Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” provides for the total width of the fire passage combined with the main entrance to the building, structure and structure. Thus, the distance from the inner edge of the entrance to the wall of the building, structure and structure should be: for buildings with a height of no more than 28 meters - no more than 8 meters, for buildings with a height of more than 28 meters - no more than 16 meters. If we take into account insolation standards, fire safety requirements and building codes, it turns out that next to the existing 9-story building you can build no closer than at a distance of 15-20 meters. But only if the construction is not carried out on the side of the exits from the entrances. Otherwise, between the existing and the houses under construction, space must be left for: the local area (front gardens, areas in front of entrances), the road (fire breaks), the courtyard area (children's, utility areas).

Dimensions of window openings in residential buildings

The standard sizes of window openings are calculated on the basis of building codes and regulations, which take into account many factors, but the determining factor among them is the coefficient of natural light. An approximate, but fairly accurate value of this coefficient for residential premises can be determined by dividing the area of the room by a number from 6 to 8. The resulting value will show the required glazing area in a given room.

The intensity of natural light is also largely determined by the location of the building on the cardinal points, the degree of atmospheric pollution, and emissions from industrial enterprises. The calculations assume that glass washing is carried out twice a year for areas with normal air pollution and four times a year in environmentally unfavorable areas. When two or more glasses are used in a double-glazed unit, due to the refraction of light rays, natural illumination is reduced, so appropriate correction factors are applied.

Windows are divided into fixed, single, double and triple-hung windows by type. Their openings also vary in size. However, a standard range of standard sizes for the length and width of window openings has been determined, allowing one to approach the natural light factor most accurately.

The window opening is placed at a height of about 90 centimeters from the finished floor level, in this case it is convenient to sit or stand by the window. If it is located lower, you have to bend down so as not to rest your head on the upper opening. Also, when designing, it is worth considering that the distance to the nearest wall from the window opening should be at least half a meter.

Standard construction in Russia has gone through several stages. Starting with “Stalin” buildings with high ceilings and windows, continuing with “Khrushchev” and “Brezhnevka” buildings with more familiar window sizes, and ending with more modern series of houses in which illumination is close to maximum values. Let's look at these series of residential buildings and find out the standard sizes of window openings that were laid during their construction.

Height and width of window openings in Stalinka buildings

Stalin's houses are distinguished by their large rooms and high ceilings. Obviously, to create comfortable lighting in such rooms, a large lighting area is required. For one, two and three-hung windows the following sizes were used:

The height and width of window openings in Khrushchev and Brezhnev buildings

Since the 1950s, the era of mass construction began in the country. Cities were filled with standard brick and panel five- and nine-story buildings. Apartments in such houses were significantly smaller than in Stalinist buildings, so the sizes of windows also changed:

and Brezhnevka:

The height and width of window openings in modern new buildings

Since the end of the 20th century, modern construction has undergone changes. Now the range of house series includes more than 40 items, so the area of the premises, the height of the ceilings in them, as well as the glazing area varies widely. All this creates a wide variety of opening sizes. The following parameters can be considered the most common and widespread:

Snip distance between apartment buildings

What distance should be between houses of different buildings?

Since SNiP is not a regulatory document, there is no punishment for violating its rules. But if you have not agreed with your neighbor in advance, then he can file a lawsuit for violating any of the listed rules. The court has the right to include the following violations:

Standard distance between buildings on the site

The plot on which it is planned to locate the residential building itself and secondary buildings intended for periodic or permanent residence of people (for example, an outbuilding for guests).
The area where the vegetable garden will be planted. Here you need to plan the location of the greenhouse.
A recreation area where you can set up a children's playground, a small gazebo and even a swimming pool, if the footage allows. A variety of canopies, flower beds - it’s best to place all this in the recreation area.
It is especially recommended to remove outbuildings, a garage, a bathhouse, street amenities, and a source of drinking water. Buildings for keeping animals (dogs, birds, etc.), a workshop, an outdoor “summer” kitchen, and the like are also grouped on this site.

Snip distance between apartment buildings

2.12*. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken on the basis of calculations of insolation and illumination in accordance with the insolation standards given in paragraph 9.19 of these standards, the illumination standards given in SNiP II-4-79, and also in accordance with with fire safety requirements given in mandatory Appendix 1.

How many meters should there be between the facades of multi-storey buildings?

In addition, SNIPs state that “. between the long sides of residential buildings with a height of 2-3 floors, the distance should be (domestic gaps) at least 15 meters, and with a height of 4 floors or more - 20 meters, between the long sides and the ends with windows from the living rooms of these buildings - at least 15 meters "

Minimum distance between multi-storey buildings according to building codes

The ability to combine different target zones within one territory,
The functionality of the selected site, as well as the parameters and planning of its development in accordance with the master plans of the city, region, municipal districts,
Layout of the territory and the current target category,
Planned changes to land boundaries, different target categories depending on urban layout,
Eliminating the possibility of causing damage to immovable capital construction projects.

System of regulatory documents in construction BUILDING STANDARDS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION RESIDENTIAL MULTIPLE APARTMENT BUILDINGSSNiP 01/31/2003

In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing funds, the proportion of apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the livelihoods of people with disabilities and other groups of the population with limited mobility should be provided taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SNiP 35-01-2001.

Snip distance between apartment buildings

6.7

When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its structural design that arose during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of repairs to structures or their strengthening).

SP Residential multi-apartment buildings

4.4 The project must include instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house, which must contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: hidden electrical wiring diagrams, location ventilation ducts, other elements of the building and its equipment, in relation to which construction activities should not be carried out by residents and tenants during operation. In addition, the instructions must include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and a fire evacuation plan.

How does SNiP affect the distance between private houses?

If you do decide to build a blind fence between plots , then first you should determine the feasibility of such a fence. If there is a reason, then having received the WRITTEN consent of your neighbor, you can calmly erect such a structure. Only a written document can help you in case of litigation.

Sanitary standards and rules for residential buildings

There are sanitary requirements for the maintenance of residential buildings and the area around the houses. This also applies to green plantings near residential buildings. Tall trees are allowed to be planted 5 meters or further from a residential building. The taller the tree, the farther it should be from the building.

Dimensions of window openings in a private house

Since there are no strict standards regulating the size of window openings in a private house, they can be arbitrary. Most window companies will make glass of any size without any problems. But you need to understand that their cost will be significantly higher than standard ones, and installation and operation will be more expensive.

Glazing a large area from floor to ceiling requires high power heating systems and significant costs for repairs and operation. Therefore, if we talk about houses with conventional glazing, then a good option would be to use standard opening sizes for standard multi-story buildings.

It is also necessary to take into account the purposes for which the room is used, its location relative to the cardinal points and the geometric configuration of the room. Therefore, the correct sequence of actions when choosing the size and number of window openings when building a private house will be as follows:

Dividing the total area of the room by 6-8, the glazing area is determined.
The height of the window opening is selected from a range of standard sizes.
By dividing the total glazing area by the height of the opening, we obtain the total width of the glazing in the room.
The opening width is selected from the standard range.
Dividing the total width of the glazing by the selected width of the window opening, we obtain the required number of windows.

It is necessary to add 20 mm to the calculated width of the openings for windows, and 50 mm to the height for mounting double-glazed windows on polyurethane foam. If calculations result in fractional numbers, they are rounded up. This way you can obtain values that are in close accordance with building codes and regulations.

Clause 5.4.14 SP 2.13130.2012 on building angles less than 135 degrees! Question!

There is a building with an internal angle of 90 degrees, the windows there are located from the angle less than 4 m. There is only one fire compartment, there are no separating fire walls.
The examination made the following observation: The horizontal distance between the nearest edges of the openings located in the external walls on opposite sides of the apex of the corner should be taken to be at least 4 m, or in the above areas, provide for appropriate filling of door and window openings in accordance with the requirements of clause 5.4.14 SP 2.13130. 2012.

To which I want to respond: The comment was not accepted. Paragraph 5.4.14 says the following: “ If when placing fire walls or fire partitions of the 1st type

in places where one part of the building adjoins another...” We do not place fire walls and partitions in the internal corners of the building, because... We have one fire compartment. Moreover, if you look at the previous edition of SP 2.13130.2012 (before the update of clause 5.4.14), we will see the following text: “When the external walls of adjacent fire compartments are connected at an angle of 135° ...” I.e. the discussion in paragraph 5.4.14 was initially about the adjoining of fire compartments, but we have an internal corner within one fire compartment.

Am I correct in my answer?

26.02.2016, 11:56	#1
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20.07.2016, 07:40

design engineer, construction department

I have a similar situation. An industrial building with administrative buildings and a garage is being designed. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame of the workshop with administrative buildings. with monolithic reinforced concrete walls, a garage with a metal frame and lined with sandwich panels is adjacent to the building in the administrative part. in the annexes there is a part of the plan with an adjoining part, and a facade from the side of the garage on the administrative building. So it turns out, according to clause 5.4.14 of joint venture 2.13130.2012, the part of the garage adjacent to the fire wall, 4 meters, must also have a fire resistance rating of REI150 and there is no way around this? It turns out that the walls and coating must satisfy these conditions? I can’t make a frame in metal with such a fire resistance limit; it turns out to make one span also concrete, but I wouldn’t want that.

PS Of course, there is also a problem with the windows of the staircase in the fire wall, but for now it is the adjacent garage building that is of concern.

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20.07.2016, 08:44

PS Of course, there is also a problem with the windows of the staircase in the fire wall, but for now it is the adjacent garage building that is of concern.

Yes, the 4-meter part of the garage adjacent to the fire wall must also have a fire resistance rating of REI150. There are no indications about the same fire resistance of the coating. Many manufacturers have already tested and developed metal frames with fire protection and sandwiches using REI 150, for example. So everything is achievable, but it will probably be very expensive.

PS In addition to the staircase windows, the windows at level +8.100 above the garage roof also need to be made fireproof and non-opening (clause 5.4.13 SP 2)

What is a quarter in a window opening?

When carrying out window installation work, you can often hear the phrase “quarter window opening.” Let's take a closer look at what a quarter is and why it is needed.

The quarter is a protrusion of the outer part of the wall about three centimeters wide. That is, the size of a quarter of a window opening is a quarter of the width of an ordinary brick. It is necessary for reliable installation of the window unit from the inside and is located along the entire length of the glass unit.

Previously, when predominantly brick masonry was used in the construction of houses, the openings were necessarily made with a quarter. Times and building materials have changed, but the name has remained the same, although in the construction of many modern buildings this important structural element of the window opening is neglected.

The dimensions of a quarter window opening can be determined by measuring its width from the outside and inside; the resulting value divided by two will be the required size. The design of quarter-panel window openings prevents atmospheric moisture and solar radiation from entering the joints between the window and the wall. It also serves as an additional fastening for the frame and prevents the window unit from falling out.

Properly installed window openings help conserve heat in the house, delight its inhabitants with a good level of natural light, and fit well into the overall architectural appearance of the building. Window profiles made of lightweight aluminum structures have a modern look; high-quality plastic double-glazed windows provide good sound insulation and retain heat in winter. Window profiles made of wood are good environmental friendliness - a natural material that breathes, unlike artificial plastic.

If you want something else

Sometimes even the most intricate design catalogs fail to satisfy the searcher. After all, the flight of your imagination is incomparable with someone else’s. But, unlike painting, architecture is much more demanding of the creator. She doesn't forgive mistakes. So no matter how broad the imagination, it is always worth thinking about the possibility or impossibility of practical application.

Many people want to see the distance between the floor and the window small. This is understandable, because it is in this case that the room will look extremely spacious. However, it is important to choose windows that will be strong enough if an adult accidentally falls on them.

Sometimes a room with windows in the form of portholes without window sills will be an interesting option. For example, in the style of an ocean liner. Here a distance of 1.5 meters or more is possible. It all depends on the size of the window. However, this is not typical for most homes and therefore requires assessment by an architect.

Some people prefer artistic chaos to orderliness and symmetry. For example, a combination of windows of different geometric shapes, including triangles and trapezoids. This is perhaps the most difficult option of all.

Despite all the diversity, in the end, windows should ideally meet the standards of safety, lighting and creating a microclimate in the room. And, of course, it’s worth thinking about how convenient such windows will be.

For example, will it be convenient to use curtains and will it be possible to hang them at all? If you act rashly, an absurd result is possible, as in some photos on the Internet forum.

If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to install the standard option - a regular rectangular window. The height from the floor should be the recommended one or close to it. Such windows seem uninteresting at first glance, but there is one important nuance.

When choosing a room design, it is important not to be guided by the first impression of a particular concept, but to look into the future. The variety of all kinds of geometric shapes, amazing the imagination, tires over time. At the same time, boring-looking ordinary windows will be perceived no worse over the years, but simply as a familiar element of the interior.

Choosing window height for the kitchen

The kitchen, unlike the living room, is a less demanding room. The openings should not be placed too low; the optimal window height here is 90 cm from the floor, since most kitchen furniture usually has exactly this height. A standard dining table, as a rule, has a height of about 75 cm. If the windows are located a little higher, this will give the room a sufficient amount of light, and there will be no unnecessary glare that tires the eyes.

If the kitchen has a bar counter, the height of which is a little more than a meter, you will need chairs 80 cm high. If the window is planned near this element, then it will also have to be made flush with the counter. Pay attention to the location of the handle for opening the sash: it should be lower than on a standard window, otherwise it will be inconvenient to open the structure. If the bar counter does not extend beyond the working surfaces of the kitchen, then there is no point in raising the windows higher than 90 cm.

The height of a window in a private house is not regulated by strict rules, so when designing a house, you can include panoramic windows in the project. This solution will help not only visually expand the kitchen space, but will also give a beautiful view and a feeling of infinity of the room. Such windows will become an interesting design element and will provide more light.

Regulations

Page 4 of 7 3.

Therefore, in this bedroom, kitchen and office we can install windows measuring 1.5x1.5 m, which will be quite enough to receive the required amount of light. In the hall we will place three windows measuring 1.2x1.9 m.

FIRE BARRIERS 3.1*. Fire barriers include fire walls, partitions, ceilings, zones, airlock vestibules, doors, windows, hatches, and valves. The scope of application of fire barriers is established in paragraphs. 1.1, 2.4, 3.4, 3.11, 3.13, 3.15, 3.17, 3.21 and in SNiP part 2. 3.2*. The types of fire barriers and their minimum fire resistance limits should be taken according to table.

2. Table 2* Fire barriers Type of fire barriers or their elements Minimum fire resistance limit of fire barriers or their elements, h Fire walls 1 2 2.5 0.75 Fire partitions 1 2 0.75 0.25 Fire ceilings 1 2 3 2.5 1 0.75 Fire doors and windows 1 2 3 1.2 0.6 0.25 Fire doors, hatches, valves 1 2 1.2 0.6 Airlock vestibules Elements of airlock vestibules: fire partitions

Other premises of a residential building

Many owners of private houses leave space for a window in the hallway. This is a good solution, as it allows you to make the corridor bright and use as little artificial lighting as possible. For this room, the height of the furniture does not matter. The main thing is to achieve good lighting, so the standard window sill height of 80 cm can be used.

A bathroom does not require a large window, often there is not one at all, but if fire safety, the ability to ventilate the room are important to you, and you do not want to spend extra money on electricity, you can install a small window in this room. It can be located quite high, due to which it will not be visible from the street what is happening in the bathroom.

When choosing the height of a window for a bathroom or toilet, pay attention to whether it is convenient for you to reach the handle. You should not place the window too high: this will deprive you of free access to it.

A comfortable fit for a small window is a height of 1.7 m from the floor. In order for the windows to look harmonious, their top edge should be at the same distance from the ceiling in each room, for example, 40 cm.

Location of windows depending on wall design

To prevent uncontrolled heat loss around the windows, you need to install them in the right place:

Single-layer walls: the window frame should be located in the middle of their thickness;
Double-layer walls: the frame is mounted as close as possible to the face of the wall, in close proximity to the insulating layer. The best solution is to settle the frame so that the window fully or partially protrudes beyond the wall surface and is surrounded by thermal insulation material around the perimeter;
Three-layer walls: windows must be installed in a layer of thermal insulation;
Prefabricated walls: similar to a single-layer wall, the frame is installed in the center, about half the thickness of the wall. However, if the wall is insulated from the outside, the same rule applies as for double-layer walls;

Insulated log walls: the insulating layer is here in the middle of the wall thickness - the frame must be installed at this line;
Log walls: Windows are installed in the same way as in the case of single-layer walls. If the logs are insulated from the outside, the same rule applies as for double-layer walls.

What if the building is two-story?

The second floor can be decorated in any style, it all depends on your imagination and financial capabilities. With a large amount of funds, you can completely glaze the second floor; To prevent the contents of the house from being visible from the street, mirror glazing is used. You will get a magnificent panorama and will be able to observe what is happening outside the house from any side, but passers-by and neighbors will not be able to see you.

If such an original solution is not to your taste, you can use long, low-set windows that almost touch the ceiling of the building. If original solutions are not your style, standard-height windows are quite suitable.

Sources

https://stroy-podskazka.ru/okna/proem-po-gostu/
https://www.Okno-Moskva.ru/stati/na-kakoj-vysote-delat-okna-v-dome/
https://strhouse.ru/stroitelstvo-svoego-doma/standartnye-razmery-okonnyh-proemov.html
https://oknanagoda.com/steklo/osteklenie-steklo/obshhee/vysota-sovremennykh-okon.html

How to choose textiles

The interior of a living room with two windows must be designed carefully, without losing a sense of proportion, especially when choosing curtains. Both windows should be decorated with the same curtains, the color of which matches the color of decorative elements, pillows, bedspreads, tablecloths, and carpet on the floor.

Modern designers almost never use heavy blackout curtains. To expand the area, Roman blinds are the best option. When window openings are not large in size, it is advisable to opt for blinds.

It is permissible to use one curtain for two windows if they are located next to each other. Scandinavian style allows you not to hang curtains at all. But this will require additional decoration of the window sills. They are decorated with indoor plants in pots.

Interior overlooking the courtyard Source www.houzz.ru

The not very attractive view from the windows is covered with multi-colored transparent stained glass windows.

Plastic stained glass door Source www.livemaster.ru

The material from which the windows are made matters. Modern white metal-plastic gives a lot of scope for design. And frames made of wood require finishing the interior with wooden objects, for example, ceiling beams, decorative elements, and natural wood.

Design of a large living room with two windows Source kanobu.me

Dinner table

This is a classic option, typical for Slavic interiors. If there are a pair of windows in the living room or kitchen, then a kitchen table is placed in the wall between them. Such a dining area looks very comfortable and appropriate.

Bed

This is a classic bedroom furniture plan that follows the laws of symmetry. The bed is placed with the headboard against the wall, and the windows located on the sides become a kind of frame for the sleeping area. Draperies on the windows serve as additional decoration.

You can hang curtains from window to window, draping the partition as well. This will make the sleeping area more romantic.

Fireplace

Another traditional solution typical of classical architecture. The placement of fireplaces near an outer wall with windows is typical, for example, of Tudor-style houses.

Nowadays, the wall can be decorated with an electric or simulated fireplace.

Console table

This is a small wall table that, most often, primarily performs a decorative function. It is decorated with table lamps, porcelain, figurines, etc. A mirror, clock or poster is placed above it.

In the bedroom, the console can act as a dressing table. The sun's rays shining from the windows will help make the use of such a product as useful as possible for applying makeup.

Rack, shelves, wardrobe, chest of drawers

Even very narrow partitions can be made useful by organizing a storage system in this place. Most often, shelving is built here. But it can also be just shelves or a high chest of drawers.

Window sills can be extended and turned into benches or work stations.

By the way, if there is a need for two workplaces, it is worth considering this particular layout option: the tables are installed near the windows, and the space between them turns into a common storage for books, papers, etc.